Annual Report For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2004
Table of Contents

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

 


 

FORM 20-F

 


 

¨ REGISTRATION STATEMENT PURSUANT TO SECTION 12(b) OR (g) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

 

OR

 

x ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

 

For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2004

 

OR

 

¨ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

 

For the transition period from             to            

 

Commission File Number: 1-14728

 


 

Lan Airlines S.A.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

 


 

Lan Airlines S.A.   Republic of Chile
(Translation of registrant’s name into English)   (Jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)

 

Presidente Riesco 5711 Piso 20

Las Condes,

Santiago, Chile

(Address of principal executive offices)

 


 

Securities registered or to be registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

 

Title of each class:


 

Name of each exchange on which registered:


American Depositary Shares (as evidenced by

American Depositary Receipts), each representing five shares of Common Stock, without par value

  New York Stock Exchange

 

Securities registered or to be registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act:

 

None

 

Securities for which there is a reporting obligation pursuant to Section 15(d) of the Act:

 

None

 

Indicate the number of outstanding shares of each of the issuer’s classes of capital or common stock as of the close of the period covered by the annual report: 318,909,090

 

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports) and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.

 

    Yes  x    No  ¨

 

Indicate by check mark which financial statement item the registrant has elected to follow:

 

    Item 17  ¨    Item 18  x

 



Table of Contents

TABLE OF CONTENTS

 

PRESENTATION OF INFORMATION    1
FORWARD LOOKING STATEMENTS    2
GLOSSARY OF TERMS    3
PART I     

ITEM 1.

   Identity of Directors, Senior Management and Advisers    5

ITEM 2.

   Offer Statistics and Expected Timetable    5

ITEM 3.

   Key Information    5

ITEM 4.

   Information on the Company    16

ITEM 5.

   Operating and Financial Review and Prospects    41

ITEM 6.

   Directors, Senior Management and Employees    58

ITEM 7.

   Controlling Shareholders and Related Party Transactions    66

ITEM 8.

   Financial Information    68

ITEM 9.

   The Offer and Listing    69

ITEM 10.

   Additional Information    70

ITEM 11.

   Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosure about Market Risk    88

ITEM 12.

   Description of Securities other than Equity Securities    91
PART II     

ITEM 13.

   Defaults, Dividend Arrearages and Delinquencies    91

ITEM 14.

   Material Modifications to the Rights of Security Holders and Use of Proceeds    91

ITEM 15.

   Controls and Procedures    91

ITEM 16.

   Reserved    91

ITEM 16A.

   Audit Committee Financial Expert    91

ITEM 16B.

   Code of Ethics    91

ITEM 16C.

   Principal Accountant Fees and Services    92

ITEM 16D.

   Exemptions From The Listing Standards For Audit Committees    92

ITEM 16E.

   Purchase Of Equity Securities By The Issuer And Affiliated Purchasers    92
PART III     

ITEM 17.

   Financial Statements    92

ITEM 18.

   Financial Statements    93

ITEM 19.

   Exhibits    93

 

PRESENTATION OF INFORMATION

 

In this annual report on Form 20-F, unless the context otherwise requires, references to “Lan Airlines” are to Lan Airlines S.A., the unconsolidated operating entity, and references to “LAN,” “we,” “us” or the “Company” are to Lan Airlines S.A. and its consolidated subsidiaries. All references to “Chile” are references to the Republic of Chile.

 

This annual report contains conversions of certain Chilean peso amounts into U.S. dollars at specified rates solely for the convenience of the reader. These conversions should not be construed as representations that the Chilean peso amounts actually represent such U.S. dollar amounts or could be converted into U.S. dollars at the rate indicated. Unless we specify otherwise, all references to “$”, “US$”, “U.S. dollars” or “dollars” are to United States dollars, references to “pesos”, “Chilean pesos” or “Ch$” are to Chilean pesos and references to “UF” are to Unidades de Fomento, a daily indexed Chilean peso-denominated monetary unit that takes into account the effect of the Chilean inflation rate. Unless we indicate otherwise, the U.S. dollar equivalent for information in Chilean pesos is based on the observed exchange rate published by Banco Central de Chile (which we refer to as the Central Bank of Chile) on December 30, 2004, which was Ch$559.83=US$1.00. The observed exchange rate on June 14, 2005 was Ch$591.88=US$1.00. The Federal Reserve Bank of New York does not report a noon buying rate for Chilean pesos. See “Key Information—Exchange Rates” under Item 3.

 

 

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Lan Airlines and the majority of our subsidiaries (including our main cargo subsidiary LAN Cargo S.A., which we refer to as “LAN Cargo”) maintain their accounting records and prepare their financial statements in U.S. dollars. Some of our other subsidiaries, however, maintain their accounting records and prepare their financial statements in Chilean pesos. Our consolidated financial statements include the results of these subsidiaries translated into U.S. dollars. Current generally accepted accounting principles in Chile, or Chilean GAAP, require monetary assets and liabilities to be translated at period-end exchange rates, non-monetary assets and liabilities to be translated at historical rates of exchange as of the date of acquisition or incurrence and revenue and expense accounts to be translated at the average monthly exchange rate for the month in which they are recognized. As required by Chilean GAAP, the financial statements of our subsidiaries that report in Chilean pesos are adjusted to reflect changes in the purchasing power of the Chilean peso due to inflation. These changes are based on the consumer price index published by the Chilean National Institute of Statistics.

 

Our consolidated financial statements are prepared in accordance with Chilean GAAP, which differs in certain significant respects from generally accepted accounting principles in the United States, or U.S. GAAP. For a description of certain significant differences between Chilean GAAP and U.S. GAAP as they relate to us, together with a reconciliation of our net income and shareholders’ equity to U.S. GAAP, see Note 25 to our audited consolidated financial statements.

 

We have rounded percentages and certain U.S. dollar and Chilean peso amounts contained in this annual report for ease of presentation. Any discrepancies in any table between totals and the sums of the amounts listed are due to rounding.

 

This annual report contains certain terms that may be unfamiliar to some readers. You can find a glossary of these terms on page 3 of this annual report.

 

FORWARD LOOKING STATEMENTS

 

This annual report contains forward-looking statements. Such statements may include words such as “anticipate,” “estimate,” “expect,” “project,” “intend,” “plan,” “believe” or other similar expressions. Forward-looking statements are statements that are not historical facts, including statements about our beliefs and expectations. These statements are based on current plans, estimates and projections, and, therefore, you should not place undue reliance on them. Forward-looking statements involve inherent risks and uncertainties. We caution you that a number of important factors could cause actual results to differ materially from those contained in any forward-looking statement. These factors include, but are not limited to:

 

    our ability to service our debt and fund our working capital requirements;

 

    the maintenance of relationships with customers;

 

    the effects on us from competition;

 

    future demand for passenger and cargo air service in Chile and other countries in Latin America;

 

    the state of the Chilean and world economies and airline industries;

 

    future terrorist incidents or related activities affecting the airline industry;

 

    the relative value of the Chilean peso compared to other currencies;

 

    inflation;

 

    increases in interest rates; and

 

    changes in the regulatory environment in which we operate.

 

Forward-looking statements speak only as of the date they are made, and we undertake no obligation to update publicly any of them, whether in light of new information, future events or otherwise. You should also read carefully the risk factors described in “Key Information—Risk Factors” under Item 3.

 

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GLOSSARY OF TERMS

 

The following terms, as used in this annual report, have the meanings set forth below.

 

Capacity Measurements:       
“available seat kilometers” or “ASKs”      The number of seats made available for sale multiplied by the kilometers flown.
“available ton kilometers” or “ATKs”      The number of tons of capacity available for the transportation of revenue load (passengers and/or cargo) multiplied by the kilometers flown.
“systems available ton kilometers” or “systems ATKs”      The number of total tons capacity for the transportation of revenue load (passenger and cargo) multiplied by the kilometers flown.
Traffic Measurements:       
“cargo ton kilometers”      The cargo load in tons multiplied by the kilometers flown.
“revenue passenger kilometers” or “RPKs”      The number of revenue passengers carried multiplied by the kilometers flown.
“revenue ton kilometers” or “RTKs”      The load (passenger and/or cargo) in tons multiplied by the kilometers flown.
“traffic revenue”      Revenue from passenger operations plus revenue from cargo operations.
Yield Measurements:       
“cargo yield”      Revenue from cargo operations divided by RTKs.
“overall yield”      Revenue from airline operations (passenger and cargo) divided by RTKs (passenger and cargo).
“passenger yield”      Revenue from passenger operations divided by either RPKs or RTKs.
Load Factors:       
“cargo load factor”      RTKs (cargo) expressed as a percentage of ATKs (cargo).
“overall break-even load factor”      Total costs (operating expenses plus net interest expense less other revenue) per ATK (passenger and cargo) divided by overall yield.
“overall load factor”      RTKs (passenger and cargo) expressed as a percentage of ATKs (passenger and cargo).
“passenger break-even load factor”      Total costs attributable to passenger operations per ASK divided by passenger yield.
“passenger load factor”      RPKs expressed as a percentage of ASKs.

 

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Other:       
“ACMI Contract”      A type of aircraft leasing contract, under which the lessor provides the aircraft, crew, maintenance and insurance on a per hour basis. Also referred to as a “wet lease”.
“on time rate”      Percentage of flights that depart within fifteen minutes of scheduled take-off.
“ton”      A metric ton, equivalent to 2,204.6 pounds.
“utilization rates”      The actual number of flight hours per aircraft per operating day.

 

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PART I

 

ITEM 1. IDENTITY OF DIRECTORS, SENIOR MANAGEMENT AND ADVISERS

 

Not applicable.

 

ITEM 2. OFFER STATISTICS AND EXPECTED TIMETABLE

 

Not applicable.

 

ITEM 3. KEY INFORMATION

 

Selected Financial Data

 

The following table presents our summary financial and other information for each of the last five fiscal years in the period ended December 31, 2004. The summary financial information at and for the three fiscal years in the period ended December 31, 2004 has been derived from our audited consolidated financial statements included in this report.

 

You should read the information below in conjunction with our audited consolidated financial statements and the notes thereto, as well as “Presentation of Information” and “Operating and Financial Review and Prospects”.

 

Annual Financial Information

 

     Year ended December 31,

 
     2000

    2001

    2002

    2003

    2004

 
     (in US$ millions, except per share and capital stock data)  

The Company(1)

                                        

Statement of Income Data:

                                        

Chilean GAAP

                                        

Operating revenues

                                        

Passenger

   $ 750.7     $ 803.0     $ 803.7     $ 918.4     $ 1,169.0  

Cargo

     593.5       539.5       520.8       602.0       799.7  

Other

     81.0       85.8       127.9       118.4       124.2  
    


 


 


 


 


Total operating revenues

     1,425.2       1,428.3       1,452.4       1,638.8       2,092.9  

Operating expenses(2)

     1,349.9       1,378.1       1,390.4       1,527.1       1,920.8  
    


 


 


 


 


Operating income

     75.3       50.3       62.1       111.7       172.1  

Other income (expense)

                                        

Interest income

     5.3       5.5       3.8       6.3       10.8  

Interest expense

     (31.7 )     (35.5 )     (40.8 )     (39.4 )     (36.5 )

Miscellaneous-net(2)

     10.0       (8.4 )     13.2       24.1       45.2  
    


 


 


 


 


Total other income (expense)

     (16.4 )     (38.4 )     (23.8 )     (9.0 )     (19.5 )

Minority interest

     (0.1 )     (1.6 )     (0.4 )     (0.9 )     0.2  

Income before income taxes

     58.8       10.3       37.8       101.9       191.8  

Income taxes

     (10.4 )     0.6       (7.0 )     (18.3 )     (28.3 )
    


 


 


 


 


Net income

   $ 48.4     $ 10.8     $ 30.8     $ 83.6     $ 163.6  

Net income per common share(3)

   $ 0.15     $ 0.03     $ 0.10     $ 0.26     $ 0.51  

Net income per ADS(3)

   $ 0.76     $ 0.17     $ 0.48     $ 1.31     $ 2.56  

U.S. GAAP

                                        

Operating revenues

   $ 1,425.2     $ 1,441.3     $ 1,452.4     $ 1,638.8     $ 2,092.9  

Net income

     50.4       1.0       34.2       88.8       160.7  

Basic and diluted earnings per share(3)

     0.16       0.00       0.11       0.28       0.50  

Net income per ADS(3)

   $ 0.79     $ 0.02     $ 0.54     $ 1.39     $ 2.52  

 

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     At December 31,

     2000

   2001

   2002

   2003

   2004

     (in US$ millions, except per share and capital stock data)

Balance Sheet Data:

                                  

Chilean GAAP

                                  

Cash, time deposits and marketable securities

   $ 68.7    $ 73.4    $ 159.4    $ 219.0    $ 304.6

Miscellaneous current assets(4)

     266.0      261.1      256.4      267.7      286.2

Property and equipment

     707.2      985.8      1,026.4      1,009.5      979.0

Total other assets

     107.6      114.7      143.2      132.3      259.5

Total assets

     1,149.6      1,435.5      1,585.4      1,628.5      1,829.2

Long-term liabilities

     531.9      722.2      813.5      765.4      809.0

Shareholders’ equity

     288.4      288.5      308.9      352.6      434.6

U.S. GAAP

                                  

Total assets

   $ 1,136.9    $ 1,422.4    $ 1,545.4    $ 1,610.5    $ 1,830.0

Long-term liabilities

     544.5      740.8      821.6      777.0      828.6

Shareholders’ equity

     259.5      237.3      258.9      323.5      415.6

Capital stock (millions of shares)

     318.9      318.9      318.9      318.9      318.9

(1) For more information on the subsidiaries included in this consolidated account, see Note 2(b) to our audited consolidated financial statements.
(2) To reflect operational results more clearly, fuel hedging gains or losses have been reclassified as a non-operational item in the Miscellaneous-net line in each of 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003 and 2004. We recorded an $8.1 million fuel hedge gain in 2000, a $10.5 million fuel hedge loss in 2001, a $5.5 million fuel hedge loss in 2002, a $12.3 million fuel hedge gain in 2003 and a US$46.5 million gain in 2004.
(3) We had 318,909,090 common shares outstanding in each of the periods indicated, which is equivalent to 63,781,818 ADSs.
(4) Total current assets less the sum of cash, time deposits and marketable securities.

 

In accordance with the Chilean Corporation Law, LAN must pay annual cash dividends equal to at least 30% of its annual consolidated net income each year (calculated in accordance with Chilean GAAP), subject to limited exceptions.

 

As of May 31, 2005, LAN had declared aggregate dividends of US$14,513,753 with respect to income for 2000, US$1,406,760 with respect to income for 2001, US$13,812,763 with respect to income for 2002 US$41,775,366 with respect to income for 2003 and US$81,775,858 with respect to income for 2004. The total dividend for 2004 was divided into two interim dividends paid on August and December of 2004 and a final dividend of US$6,992,865 that was paid on May 18, 2005. The table below sets forth the cash dividends per common share, as well as the number of common shares entitled to such dividends, for the years indicated. Dividend per common share amounts have not been adjusted for inflation and reflect common share amounts outstanding immediately prior to the distribution of such dividend.

 

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Dividend for year:


   Payment date(s)

   Total
dividend
payment


   Number of
common
shares entitled
to dividend


  

Cash dividend
per

common share


          (U.S. dollars)    (in millions)    (U.S. dollars)

2000

   January 19, 2001
May 10, 2001
   9,998,000
4,515,753
   318.91
318.91
   0.03135
0.01416

2001

   May 10, 2002    1,406,760    318.91    0.00441

2002

   January 15, 2003
May 9, 2003
   8,958,156
4,854,607
   318.91
318.91
   0.02809
0.01521

2003

   August 19, 2003
November 21, 2003
May 13, 2004
   11,583,448
23,415,900
6,776,018
   318.91
318.91
318.91
   0.03632
0.07343
0.02124

2004

   August 24, 2004
December 29, 2004
May 13, 2005
   39,785,909
34,997,084
6,992,865
   318.91
318.91
318.91
   0.12475
0.10974
0.02193

 

Our board of directors has the authority to declare interim dividends. Year-end dividends, if any, are declared by our shareholders at our annual meeting. For a description of our dividend policy, see “—Other Financial Information—Dividend Policy” under Item 8.

 

We declare cash dividends in U.S. dollars, but make dividend payments in Chilean pesos, converted from U.S. dollars at the observed exchange rate three days prior to the day we first make payment to shareholders. Payments of cash dividends to holders of American Depositary Receipts, or ADRs, if any, are made in Chilean pesos to the custodian, which converts those Chilean pesos into U.S. dollars and delivers U.S. dollars to the depositary for distribution to holders. In the event that the custodian is unable to convert immediately the Chilean currency received as dividends into U.S. dollars, the amount of U.S. dollars payable to holders of ADRs may be adversely affected by devaluations of the Chilean currency that occur before such dividends are converted and remitted.

 

Exchange Rates

 

The following table sets forth, for the yearly periods indicated, the high, low, average and period-end observed exchange rate for the purchase of U.S. dollars, expressed in Chilean pesos per U.S. dollar. The rates have not been restated in constant currency units.

 

     Daily Observed Exchange Rate

Year Ended December 31,

 

   High

   Low

   Average(1)

   Period-end

               Ch$ per US$

2000

   580.37    501.04    542.62    572.68

2001

   716.62    557.13    636.39    656.20

2002

   756.56    641.75    694.46    712.38

2003

   758.21    593.10    687.51    599.42

2004

   649.45    559.21    612.13    559.83

Source: Central Bank of Chile

 

(1) Average of the month-end exchange rates for the relevant period.

 

The following table sets forth, for the monthly periods indicated, the high and low exchange rate for the purchase of U.S. dollars, expressed in Chilean pesos per U.S. dollar.

 

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     Daily Observed
Exchange Rate
Ch$ per US$


     High

   Low

Month in 2004

         

December

   621.27    593.10

Month in 2005

         

January

   586.18    557.40

February

   585.40    563.22

March

   573.55    591.69

April

   572.75    588.95

May

   570.83    583.59

Source: Central Bank of Chile

 

On June 14, 2005 the observed exchange rate was Ch$591.88 = US$1.00.

 

Risk Factors

 

We wish to caution readers that the following important factors, and those important factors described in other reports submitted to, or filed with, the Securities and Exchange Commission, among other factors, could affect our actual results and could cause our actual results to differ materially from those expressed in any forward-looking statements made by us or on our behalf. In particular, as we are a non-U.S. company, there are risks associated with investing in our American Depositary Shares, or ADS, that are not typical for investments in the shares of U.S. companies. Prior to making an investment decision, you should carefully consider all of the information contained in this document, including the following risk factors.

 

Risks Related to our Operations and the Airline Industry

 

Our performance is heavily dependent on economic conditions in the countries in which we do business.

 

Passenger and cargo demand is heavily cyclical and highly dependant on global and local economic growth, economic expectations and foreign exchange rate variations. In the past we have been impacted by weak economic growth in Chile, recession in Argentina and poor economic performance in certain emerging market countries in which we operate. Any of the following factors could adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations in the countries in which we operate:

 

    changes in economic or other governmental policies;

 

    changes in the regulatory, legal or administrative practices; or

 

    other political or economic developments over which we have no control.

 

Similar future events occurring in one or more countries in which we operate could have a material effect on our results of operations.

 

A future incident similar to the September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks in the United States or other countries could have a severe impact on the airline industry and adversely affect our revenues.

 

The terrorist attacks in the United States on September 11, 2001 had a severe adverse impact on the airline industry, particularly on foreign air carriers operating international service to and from the United States. Airline traffic in the United States fell dramatically after the attacks. Throughout South America, passenger traffic also decreased substantially, although the decrease was less severe than that in the United States. Our passenger revenues are largely dependent on the number of passengers traveling on our flights. Following September 11, 2001, we experienced a significant decline in passenger traffic and, therefore, a significant decline in revenues. Any future terrorist attacks or the threat thereof, whether or not involving commercial aircraft, the general increase of hostilities

 

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relating to reprisals against terrorist organizations or otherwise, and any related economic impact or prolonged general reduction in travel demand could result in decreased passenger traffic and, as a result, cause a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

 

The airline industry has experienced increased costs following the September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks. Airlines have been required to adopt additional security measures and may be required to comply with more rigorous security guidelines in the future. Premiums for insurance against aircraft damage and liability to third parties increased substantially and could escalate further. While governments in other countries have agreed to indemnify airlines for liabilities that they might incur from terrorist attacks, the Chilean government has given no indication of an intention to provide a similar indemnification for Chilean airlines. In addition, fuel prices and supplies, which constitute a significant cost for us, may increase as a result of any future terrorist attacks, a general increase in hostilities or a reduction in output of fuel, voluntary or otherwise, by oil-producing countries. Such increases may result in both higher airline ticket prices and decreased demand for air travel generally, which could have an adverse effect on our revenues and results of operations.

 

Our business may be adversely affected by a downturn in the airline industry.

 

Demand for air transportation may be adversely impacted by exogenous events, such as natural disasters, epidemics, war or political and social instability. Situations such as these in one or more of the markets in which we operate could have a material impact on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

 

A significant portion of our cargo revenues comes from relatively few product types and may be impacted by events affecting their production or trade.

 

Our cargo demand, especially from Latin American exporters, is concentrated in a small number of product categories, such as salmon and produce exports from Chile and Peru, and fresh flowers from Ecuador and Colombia. Events that negatively affect the production or trade of these goods may adversely affect the volume of goods that we transport and may have a significant impact on our results of operations.

 

Our operations are subject to fluctuations in the supply and cost of jet fuel.

 

Higher jet fuel prices or a shortage in the supply of fuel could cause a reduction in our scheduled service and could materially affect our business, financial condition and results of operations. Jet fuel costs have historically accounted for a significant amount of our operating expenses, and accounted for 21.6% of our operating expenses in 2004. Both the cost and availability of fuel are subject to many economic and political factors and events that we can neither control nor predict. We have entered into fuel hedging arrangements, but there can be no assurance that such arrangements will be adequate to protect us from a significant increase in fuel prices in the near future or in the long term. Also, while these hedging arrangements are designed to limit the effect of an increase in fuel prices, some of our hedging methods may also limit our ability to take advantage of any decrease in fuel prices. Our ability to lessen the impact of any increase in fuel costs by increasing fares or otherwise passing on a portion of such costs to our customers may also be limited.

 

We rely on maintaining a high daily aircraft utilization rate to increase our revenues, which makes us especially vulnerable to delays.

 

One of the key elements of our business strategy is to maintain a high daily aircraft utilization rate, which measures the number of flight hours we use our aircraft per day. High daily aircraft utilization allows us to maximize the amount of revenue we generate from our aircraft and is achieved, in part, by reducing turnaround times at airports and developing schedules that enable us to fly more hours on average per day. Our rate of aircraft utilization could be adversely affected by a number of different factors that are beyond our control, including air traffic and airport congestion, adverse weather conditions and delays by third-party service providers relating to matters such as fueling and ground handling.

 

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Furthermore, high aircraft utilization rates increase the risk that, if an aircraft falls behind schedule, it could remain behind schedule for up to two days. Such delays could result in a disruption in our operating performance, leading to customer dissatisfaction due to any resulting delays or missed connections.

 

We are often affected by certain factors beyond our control, including weather conditions, which can affect our operations.

 

Generally, revenues for airlines depend on the number of passengers carried, the fare paid by each passenger and service factors, such as the timeliness of flight departures and arrivals. During periods of fog, ice, low temperatures, storms or other adverse weather conditions, some or all of our flights may be cancelled or significantly delayed and, as a result, our revenues could suffer.

 

Losses and liabilities in the event of an accident involving one or more of our aircraft could materially affect our business.

 

We are exposed to potential catastrophic losses in the event of an aircraft accident, terrorist incident or any other unpredictable event. There can be no assurance that, as a result of an aircraft accident or incident:

 

    we will not need to increase our insurance coverage;

 

    our insurance premiums will not increase significantly;

 

    our insurance coverage will fully cover all of our liability; or

 

    we will not be forced to bear substantial losses.

 

Substantial claims resulting from an accident or incident in excess of our related insurance coverage could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. Moreover, any aircraft accident, even if fully insured, could cause the negative public perception that our aircraft are less safe or reliable than those operated by other airlines, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

 

Insurance premiums may also increase due to an accident or incident affecting one of our airline affiliates or alliance partners or affecting other airlines.

 

Our business may suffer if any of our strategic partners terminate our alliance or commercial relationship.

 

We maintain a number of alliances and other commercial relationships with strategic partners that allow us to enhance our network and, in some cases, offer our customers services that we could not otherwise offer. If our relationship with any of our strategic partners and, in particular, with American Airlines, Iberia, Qantas or oneworld® deteriorates, or any of these agreements are terminated, our business, financial condition and results of operations could be negatively affected.

 

High levels of competition in the airline industry may adversely affect our level of operations.

 

Our business, financial condition and results of operations could be adversely affected by high levels of competition within the industry, particularly the entrance of new competitors into the markets in which we operate. Airlines compete primarily over fare levels, frequency and dependability of service, brand recognition, passenger amenities (such as frequent flyer programs) and the availability and convenience of other passenger or cargo services. New and existing airlines could enter our markets and compete with us on any of these bases. Several of our competitors are larger than us and have greater brand recognition and greater resources than we do. Competing carriers include investor-owned, government-subsidized and national flag carriers of foreign countries. The U.S.-Chile and other open skies agreements may subject us to further competition from international carriers. In addition to traditional competition among airline companies, we face competition from companies that provide ground transportation, especially in our cargo and domestic passenger businesses. Competition could reduce our passenger traffic, forcing us to reduce our fare levels, which could have a material adverse effect on our revenues and level of operations.

 

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Our plans for regional expansion within Latin America depend upon key regulatory and commercial issues.

 

We plan to continue to increase the scale of our operations and revenues by expanding our presence outside of Chile, both directly and through our affiliates. Our ability to successfully implement this strategy will depend upon many factors, several of which are outside our control or subject to change. These factors include the permanence of a suitable political, economic and regulatory environment in the Latin American countries in which we operate or intend to operate and our ability to identify and maintain strategic local partners. Additionally, high levels of government regulation may limit the scope of our operations, our growth plans in the event of deterioration of the relations between the countries in which we operate or the public perception of foreign companies in local markets. These restrictions could materially affect our business, financial condition, result of operations and future expansion plans.

 

If we are unable to incorporate leased aircraft into our fleet at acceptable rates and terms in the future, our business could be adversely affected.

 

The majority of our aircraft are subject to long-term operating leases. Our operating leases typically run from three to 12 years from the date of delivery. We may face more competition for, or a limited supply of, leased aircraft, making it difficult for us to negotiate terms similar to those we now have upon expiration of our current operating leases or to lease additional capacity required for our targeted level of operations. If we are forced to pay higher lease rates in the future to maintain our capacity and the number of aircraft in our fleet, our profitability could be adversely affected.

 

We fly and depend upon Airbus and Boeing aircraft, and our business is at risk if we do not receive timely deliveries of aircraft or if the public negatively perceives our aircraft.

 

As of May 31, 2004, we operated a fleet of 23 Airbus and 40 Boeing aircraft. As our fleet grows, our risk in relying on these two manufacturers also grows. These risks include:

 

    the failure or inability of Airbus or Boeing to provide sufficient aircraft, parts or related support services on a timely basis;

 

    the interruption of fleet service as a result of unscheduled or unanticipated maintenance requirements for these aircraft;

 

    the issuance of FAA or other directives restricting or prohibiting the use of Airbus or Boeing aircraft or requiring time-consuming inspections and maintenance; or

 

    the adverse public perception of a manufacturer as a result of an accident or other negative publicity.

 

The occurrence of any one or more of these factors could restrict or end our ability to use the affected property to generate profits or could otherwise limit our operations.

 

Our business may be adversely affected if we are unable to meet our significant future financing requirements.

 

We require significant amounts of financing to meet our aircraft capital requirements, and may require additional financing to fund our other business needs. We cannot guarantee that we will have access to or be able to arrange for financing in the future on favorable terms. If we are unable to obtain financing for a significant portion of our capital requirements, our ability to acquire new aircraft or to expand operations could be impaired.

 

Our business may be adversely affected by our high degree of debt and aircraft lease obligations compared to our equity capital.

 

We have a high degree of debt and payment obligations under our aircraft operating leases compared to equity capital. In order to finance our debt, we depend in part on our cash flow from operations. We cannot assure that in the future we will be able to fully finance our business operations and expansion efforts. In addition, the majority of our property and equipment is subject to liens securing our indebtedness. In the event that we fail to make payments on the secured indebtedness, creditors’ enforcement of liens could limit or end our ability to use the affected property and equipment to generate revenue.

 

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Future changes in the status of Chilean and foreign governmental authorizations and licenses could adversely affect our business.

 

Our business, financial condition and results of operations could be adversely affected if we or certain aviation authorities (among them, those from Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Ecuador, Mexico, Peru and the United States) fail to maintain the required foreign and domestic governmental authorizations. In order to maintain the necessary authorizations issued by the Chilean Junta Aeronáutica Civil, which we refer to as the JAC, and technical operative authorizations issued by the Chilean Dirección General de Aeronáutica Civil, which we refer to as the DGAC, and other corresponding local authorities, we must continue to comply with applicable statutes, rules and regulations pertaining to the airline industry, including any rules and regulations that may be adopted in the future.

 

We are subject to various international bilateral air transport agreements that provide for, among other things, the exchange of air traffic rights between the countries in which our companies are based and other countries to which we provide service. We must also obtain permission from the applicable foreign governments to provide service to foreign destinations. There can be no assurance that existing bilateral agreements between the countries in which our companies are based and foreign governments will continue. A modification, suspension or revocation of one or more bilateral agreements could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. The suspension of our permission to operate to certain airports or destinations or the imposition of other sanctions could also have a material adverse effect. We cannot assure that a change in a foreign government’s administration of current laws and regulations or that the adoption of new laws and regulations will not have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

 

We are also subject to antitrust regulation by the Chilean government because of our dominant position in the Chilean domestic passenger market. There are no legal barriers to entry in the Chilean airline industry, however, and we could face additional competition in the future on any or all of our domestic routes, including competition from foreign air carriers that establish a corporate presence in Chile.

 

Our ability to service certain important destinations could be limited in the future.

 

If we are unable to obtain favorable take-off and landing authorizations at certain high-density airports, our business, financial condition and results of operations could be adversely affected. Some airports in the United States are subject to take-off and landing restrictions administered by the U.S. Federal Aviation Administration, which is also known as the FAA. There can be no assurance that we will be able to obtain all requested authorizations and slots in the future because, among other factors, government policies regulating the distribution of the authorizations and slots are subject to change.

 

Problems with air traffic control systems or other technical failures could interrupt our operations and materially affect our business.

 

Our operations, including our ability to deliver customer service, are dependent on the effective operation of our equipment, including our aircraft, maintenance systems and reservation systems, and the commitment of our personnel. Our operations are also dependent on the effective operation of domestic and international air traffic control systems and the air traffic control infrastructure in the markets in which we operate. Equipment failures, personnel shortages, air traffic control problems and other factors that could interrupt operations could adversely affect our operations and financial results and our reputation.

 

Our financial success depends on the availability and performance of key personnel.

 

Our success depends to a significant extent on the ability of our senior management team and key personnel to operate and manage our business effectively. Our employment agreements with key personnel do not contain any non-competition provisions. Competition for highly qualified personnel is intense. If we lose any executive officer, senior manager or other key employee and are not able to obtain an adequate replacement, or if we are unable to attract and retain new qualified personnel, our business, financial condition and results of operations could be materially adversely affected.

 

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Our business may experience adverse consequences if we are unable to reach satisfactory collective bargaining agreements with our unionized employees.

 

A substantial number of our administrators, cabin crews, flight attendants, pilots and maintenance technicians are members of unions and have contracts and collective bargaining agreements which expire on a regular basis. Our business, financial condition and results of operations could be materially adversely affected by a failure to reach agreement with any labor union representing such employees or by an agreement with a labor union that contains terms that are not in line with our expectations or that prevent us from competing effectively with other airlines.

 

As an example, during the third quarter of 2001, members of one of our pilot unions implemented a series of actions that disrupted our services prior to the negotiation of their collective bargaining agreement, which had a negative impact on our operations and our profitability.

 

Increases in our labor costs, which constitute a substantial portion of our total operating costs, would directly impact our earnings.

 

Labor costs constitute a significant percentage of our total operating costs, and at times in our operating history we have experienced pressure to increase wages and benefits for our employees. As a result, a significant increase in our labor costs above the assumed costs could result in a material reduction in our earnings.

 

We may experience difficulty finding, training and retaining employees.

 

Our business is labor-intensive. We employ a large number of pilots, flight attendants, maintenance technicians and other operating and administrative personnel. The airline industry has, from time to time, experienced a shortage of qualified personnel, specifically pilots and maintenance technicians. In addition, as is common with most of our competitors, we may, from time to time, face considerable turnover of our employees. Should the turnover of employees, particularly pilots and maintenance technicians, sharply increase, our training costs will be significantly higher. We cannot assure you that we will be able to recruit, train and retain the qualified employees that we need to continue our current operations or replace departing employees. A failure to hire and retain qualified employees at a reasonable cost could materially adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.

 

We may not be able to secure the resources necessary to sustain our growth.

 

Rapid growth may strain our existing management resources and operational, financial and management information systems and controls. Expansion will also require us to hire additional skilled personnel, purchase more equipment and additional or larger facilities, upgrade our internal audit function and implement more detailed long-term budgeting procedures. If we are unable to hire skilled personnel or secure the required equipment and facilities in an efficient, cost-effective manner, we may not be able to achieve our growth plans and sustain or increase our profitability.

 

Failure to comply with applicable environmental regulations could adversely affect our business and reputation.

 

Our operations are covered by environmental regulations at local, national and international levels. These regulations cover, among other things, emissions to the atmosphere, disposal of solid waste and aqueous effluents, aircraft noise and other activities incident to our business. Future operations and financial results may vary as a result of such regulations. Compliance with these regulations and new or existing regulations that may be applicable to us in the future could increase our cost base and adversely affect our operations and financial results. In addition, failure to comply with these regulations could adversely affect us in a variety of ways, including adverse effects on our reputation.

 

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Risks Related to Chile and Other Emerging Market Countries

 

Developments in Latin American countries and other emerging market countries may adversely affect the Chilean economy, negatively impact our business and results of operations and cause the market price of our common shares and ADSs to decrease.

 

We conduct a significant portion of our operations in emerging market countries, particularly in Latin America. As a result, economic and political developments in these countries, including future economic crises and political instability, could impact the Chilean economy or the market value of our securities and have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. Although economic conditions in other emerging market countries may differ significantly from economic conditions in Chile, we cannot assure that events in other countries, particularly other emerging market countries, will not adversely affect the market value of, or market for, our common shares or ADSs.

 

Fluctuations in the Chilean peso and other foreign currencies relative to the U.S. dollar may adversely affect our revenues and profitability.

 

Changes in the exchange rate between the Chilean peso and the U.S. dollar could adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations. We operate in numerous countries and face the risk of variation in foreign currency exchange rates against the U.S. dollar or between the currencies of these various countries. A significant part of our indebtedness is denominated in U.S. dollars, while approximately 22% of our revenues and 27% of our operating expenses are denominated in pesos and various other currencies in 2004. If the value of the peso or of other currencies in which revenues are denominated declines against the U.S. dollar, we will need more pesos or other local currency to repay the same amount of U.S. dollars. The Chilean peso has experienced significant volatility in recent years, including a nominal decrease of approximately 9.8% against the U.S. dollar in 2002, a nominal increase of approximately 15.9% against the U.S. dollar in 2003 and a nominal increase of approximately 6.6% against the U.S. dollar in 2004. The exchange rate of the Chilean peso and other currencies against the U.S. dollar may fluctuate significantly in the future. Changes in Chilean and other governmental economic policies affecting foreign exchange rates could also adversely affect our business, financial condition, results of operations and the return to our shareholders on their common shares or ADSs.

 

We are not required to disclose as much information to investors as a U.S. issuer is required to disclose.

 

The corporate disclosure requirements that apply to us may not be equivalent to the disclosure requirements that apply to a U.S. company and, as a result, you may receive less information about us than you would receive from a comparable U.S. company. We are subject to the reporting requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, or the “Exchange Act”. The disclosure required of foreign issuers under the Exchange Act is more limited than the disclosure required of U.S. issuers. Publicly available information about issuers of securities listed on Chilean stock exchanges also provides less detail in certain respects than the information regularly published by listed companies in the United States or in certain other countries. Furthermore, there is a lower level of regulation of the Chilean securities markets and of the activities of investors in such markets as compared with the level of regulation of the securities markets in the United States and in certain other developed countries.

 

Risks Related to our Common Shares and ADSs

 

Our controlling shareholders may have interests that differ from those of our other shareholders.

 

As of May 31, 2005 our controlling shareholders, together, beneficially owned 54.6% of our voting common shares. These controlling shareholders are in a position to elect a majority of the members of our board of directors, direct our management and control substantially all matters that are to be decided by a vote of shareholders, including fundamental corporate transactions. In addition, under the terms of the deposit agreement governing the ADSs, if holders of ADSs do not provide The Bank of New York, in its capacity as depositary for the ADSs, with timely instructions on the voting of the common shares underlying their ADRs, the depositary will be deemed to have been instructed to give a person designated by the board of directors the right to vote those common shares.

 

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Trading of our ADSs and common shares in the securities markets is limited and could experience further illiquidity and price volatility.

 

Chilean securities markets are substantially smaller, less liquid and more volatile than major securities markets in the United States. In addition, Chilean securities markets may be materially affected by developments in other emerging markets, particularly other countries in Latin America. Due to our relatively small public float, our common shares are less actively traded than securities of other companies with larger public floats in more developed countries and, consequently, an ADS holder may have a limited ability to sell ADSs or the common shares underlying ADSs (upon withdrawal from the ADR facility) in the amount and at the price and time that it may desire. This limited trading market may also increase the price volatility of the ADSs or the common shares underlying the ADSs.

 

Holders of ADSs may be adversely affected by currency devaluations and foreign exchange fluctuations.

 

If the peso exchange rate falls relative to the U.S. dollar, the value of the ADSs and any distributions made thereon from the depositary, could be adversely affected. Cash distributions made in respect of the ADSs are received by the depositary (represented by the custodian bank in Chile) in pesos, converted by the custodian bank into U.S. dollars at the then prevailing exchange rate and distributed by the depositary to the holders of the ADRs evidencing those ADSs. In addition, the depositary will incur foreign currency conversion costs (to be borne by the holders of the ADRs) in connection with the foreign currency conversion and subsequent distribution of dividends or other payments with respect to the ADSs.

 

Future changes in Chilean foreign investment controls and withholding taxes could negatively affect non-Chilean residents that invest in our shares.

 

Equity investments in Chile by non-Chilean residents are generally subject to various exchange control regulations that govern investment repatriation and earnings thereon. Although not currently in effect, regulations of the Central Bank of Chile have in the past and could again require foreign investors acquiring securities in the secondary market in Chile to maintain a cash reserve or to pay a fee upon conversion of foreign currency to purchase such securities.

 

We cannot assure that additional Chilean restrictions applicable to the holders of ADRs, the disposition of the common shares underlying ADSs or the repatriation of the proceeds from an acquisition, a disposition or a dividend payment, will not be imposed or required in the future, nor could we make an assessment as to the duration or impact, were any such restrictions to be imposed or required.

 

Our ADS holders may not be able to exercise preemptive rights in certain circumstances.

 

The Chilean Corporation Act and Regulation thereof, Ley sobre Sociedades Anónimas No. 18,046 and the Reglamento de Sociedades Anónimas, collectively known as the Chilean Corporation Law, provide that preemptive rights shall be granted to all shareholders whenever a company issues new shares for cash, giving such holders the right to purchase a sufficient number of shares to maintain their existing ownership percentage. We will not be able to offer shares to holders of ADSs and shareholders located in the United States pursuant to the preemptive rights granted to shareholders in connection with any future issuance of shares unless a registration statement under the U.S. Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the Securities Act, is effective with respect to such rights and shares, or an exemption from the registration requirements of the Securities Act is available. At the time of any rights offering, we will evaluate the potential costs and liabilities associated with any such registration statement in light of any indirect benefit to us of enabling U.S. holders of ADRs evidencing ADSs and shareholders located in the United States to exercise preemptive rights, as well as any other factors that may be considered appropriate at that time, and we will then make a decision as to whether we will file a registration statement. We cannot assure that we will decide to file a registration statement or that such rights will be available to ADS holders and shareholders located in the United States.

 

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ITEM 4. INFORMATION ON THE COMPANY

 

BUSINESS

 

Overview

 

We are one of the leading passenger airlines in Latin America and the main cargo operator in the region. We provide domestic and international passenger services in Chile and Peru and international passenger services in Ecuador. In 2005, we initiated domestic passenger operations in Argentina. We carry out our cargo operations through the use of belly space on our passenger flights and dedicated cargo operations using freighter aircraft through our airlines in Chile, Brazil and Mexico.

 

As of May 31, 2005, we service 15 destinations in Chile, 11 destinations in Peru, seven destinations in Argentina, two destinations in Ecuador, 12 destinations in other Latin American countries and the Caribbean, three destinations in the United States, two destinations in Europe and four destinations in the South Pacific. In addition, as of May 31, 2005, through our various code-share agreements, we offer service to 51 additional international destinations. We provide cargo service to all our passenger destinations and to 25 additional destinations served only by freighter aircraft.

 

We also offer other services, such as ground handling, courier, logistics, and maintenance, through Lan Airlines and some of our subsidiaries.

 

Lan Airlines S.A. is a publicly-held stock corporation (sociedad anónima abierta) incorporated under the laws of Chile. Our principal executive offices are located at Presidente Riesco 5711, Comuna de Las Condes, Santiago, Chile and our general telephone number at this location is (56-2) 565-2525.

 

History of the Company

 

The Chilean government founded Lan Airlines (formerly Lan Chile S.A.) in 1929. Lan Airlines was a government-owned company from 1929 until its incorporation in 1983. Lan Airlines began international service to Buenos Aires, Argentina in 1946, to the United States in 1958 and to Europe in 1970. In 1989, the Chilean government sold 51% of Lan Airlines’ capital stock to Chilean investors and to Scandinavian Airlines System. In 1994, our controlling shareholders together with other major shareholders acquired 98.7% of Lan Airlines’ stock, including the remaining stock held by the Chilean government, in a series of transactions. As of May 31, 2005, the controlling shareholders held 54.6% of our capital stock. For more information about our controlling shareholders, see “Controlling Shareholders and Related Party Transactions” under Item 7.

 

Since this acquisition of our capital stock in 1994 and the appointment of our current management, we have grown our revenue base and maintained our profitability every year despite significant challenges. Additionally, we have created a comprehensive network across the region by forming, together with local partners, or acquiring, passenger affiliates in Peru, Ecuador, and Argentina and cargo affiliates in Brazil and Mexico. In early 2004, we changed our corporate image and started using the “LAN” brand in order to better reflect the common values and attributes present in all the companies forming our network. We have complemented our own network with a set of bilateral alliances with carriers such as American Airlines, Iberia and Qantas, and have been a member of the oneworld® alliance since 2000.

 

Organizational Structure

 

LAN is a company primarily involved in the transportation of passengers and cargo. Our operations are carried out principally by Lan Airlines and also by a number of different subsidiaries. As of May 31, 2005, in the passenger business we operated through four main airlines: Lan Airlines, Transporte Aéreo S.A. (which does business under the name Lan Express), LanPeru S.A. (“LanPeru”), and Aerolane Líneas Aéreas Nacionales del Ecuador S.A. (“LanEcuador”). During the first half of 2005, we acquired a 49% stake in Aero 2000 S.A. (which does business under the name Lan Argentina), a small Argentine carrier. Lan Argentina launched domestic service to two destinations in Argentina during June 2005.

 

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In the passenger business we market our sales primarily under the LAN brand. As of May 31, 2005, we held a 99.85% stake in LanExpress through direct and indirect interests, a 70.0% stake in LanPeru through direct and indirect interests, a 45.0% indirect stake in LanEcuador and a 49.0% indirect stake in Lan Argentina. For more information, see “—Business of the Company—Regional Expansion” below. Our cargo operations are carried out by a number of companies, including Lan Airlines and LAN Cargo and are complemented by the operations of certain subsidiaries, such as Aero Transportes Mas de Carga S.A. de C.V., or MasAir, in Mexico and Aerolinhas Brasileiras S.A., or Absa, in Brazil. In the cargo business, we market ourselves primarily under the LAN Cargo brand.

 

In addition to our air transportation activities, we provide a series of ancillary services. We offer handling services, courier services and logistics, small package and express door-to-door services through Lan Airlines and various subsidiaries.

 

Competitive Strengths

 

Our strategy is to maximize shareholder value by increasing revenues and profitability by improving our operational efficiencies between cargo and passenger air travel, thoroughly planning for our expansion efforts and carefully controlling costs. We plan to accomplish this goal both by focusing on our existing competitive strengths and by implementing new strategies to fuel our future growth. We believe our most important competitive strengths are:

 

Leading Airline in South America

 

We are a market leader in the international and domestic passenger and cargo air services both in Chile and in most of the South American markets that we serve. We have the largest market share of passenger traffic in the international markets to and from Chile, Peru and Ecuador. Within Chile and Peru, we have the leading market share of domestic passenger traffic. We are also the leading air cargo operator within, to and from South America. Our strong and growing operations are based on high-quality services, safety and network efficiency and flexibility.

 

Unique Integration of Passenger and Cargo

 

We believe that one of our distinct competitive advantages is our integrated operations focus, which combines the planning and scheduling of our passenger and cargo operations. The cargo business contributes significantly to our total revenue mix, amounting to 38.2% of total revenues in 2004. This share is among the highest in the global airline industry. Our integrated model is valuable because it maximizes our revenues by transporting cargo in the belly of our passenger flights, lowering our break-even load factors, maximizing our profitability and lowering the volatility of our business over time.

 

Extensive Route Network

 

We have developed a distinctive network of cargo and passenger operations based on a set of routes and destinations that connect Latin America with the United States, Europe and the South Pacific operated by our various subsidiaries and affiliates based in Chile, Peru, Ecuador, Brazil, Mexico and, recently, Argentina. This varied and extensive network allows us to diversify our revenue mix and maximize our daily fleet utilization, an important factor in our low cost structure. In addition, the use of the unified LAN brand enhances customers’ perception of a seamless and consistent travel experience both within Chile and on all of our international routes.

 

Attractive Cost Structure

 

We believe we have a highly competitive cost structure with a low cost per ATK of 34.7 cents in 2004. Our cost advantage arises mainly from our productive and committed employees, high aircraft utilization, a modern and fuel-efficient fleet and a cost-conscious culture. Our wages and labor costs accounted for approximately 15% of total costs in 2004, a lower percentage than that of other mainline international carriers. Our itineraries and aircraft rotations are designed to maximize aircraft utilization. During 2004, our Boeing 767 and Airbus A340 aircraft operated more than 15 hours per day. Our long-haul fleet has an average age of 7.7 years, and we periodically

 

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renovate aircraft in our short-haul fleet. Finally, our corporate culture promotes constant process streamlining and productivity enhancement.

 

Strong Strategic Alliances

 

We are a member of the oneworld® alliance, and have also entered into bilateral agreements with strategic partners such as American Airlines, Iberia and Qantas, among others, creating a global reach for our passengers. Our passenger alliances and commercial agreements provide our customers with approximately 600 travel destinations, a combined reservations system, itinerary flexibility and various other benefits, which substantially enhance our competitive position within the Latin American market. Our strong cargo network is also bolstered by alliances and commercial agreements with partners such as Lufthansa Cargo in Europe, American Airlines in the United States, and TAM in Brazil.

 

Flexible Fleet Strategy

 

We carefully select our aircraft in order to complement our route network and optimize profitability given that we serve a diverse network of long- and short-haul markets. Our leased fleet is structured with staggered lease maturities over time to create the strategic flexibility to expand or reduce capacity according to market conditions. We believe that our aircraft and the structure of our fleet allow us to maximize aircraft utilization by adapting rapidly to changes in passenger and cargo demand in the markets that we serve.

 

Business Strategy

 

The principal areas in which we plan to focus our efforts going forward are as follows:

 

Leverage the Benefits of Combining our Passenger and Cargo Businesses

 

We will continue to leverage the benefits of combining our passenger and cargo operations. Our passenger and cargo operations are equally important aspects of our business, and we dedicate the necessary resources, employees, facilities, management and fleet, to enable both operations to provide high-quality service and to compete effectively in their respective markets. We integrate the two businesses by taking into consideration the potential for cargo services when planning passenger routes, and, when most efficient, maintaining certain dedicated cargo routes using our freighter aircraft. Cargo operations represented 38.2% of our total operating revenues in 2004, and are a significant source of additional revenue on our passenger flights, enabling us to offset fixed operating expenses per flight and thereby improve our profitability on a per flight basis. Additionally, this combination enhances revenue diversification and smoothes seasonal revenue fluctuations.

 

Maintain High Efficiency Standards

 

We maintain a low-cost base due to our productive, flexible and committed personnel, high aircraft utilization and a continuous effort to streamline operations. We have also enhanced direct sales channels to reduce distribution expenses. We will continue to focus on efficiency by increasing our aircraft utilization and streamlining our operations. Additionally, we plan to increase the efficiency of revenue generation by continuing to use advanced revenue and yield management systems.

 

Maintain Customer Satisfaction

 

In both our passenger and cargo businesses, we focus on delivering high quality services that are valued by our customers. In the passenger businesses we focus on high punctuality rates, world-class on-board service, quick check-in for short-haul flights and a modern fleet. In the cargo business, we focus on providing reliable service, taking advantage of our ability to handle different types of cargo as well as significant cargo volumes, and leveraging our new facilities in key gateways, such as Miami, to ensure optimal handling of our customers’ needs. We continually assess opportunities to incorporate service improvements in order to respond effectively to our customers’ needs.

 

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Enhance the Value of the LAN Brand

 

In March 2004, we created the LAN brand and launched our new corporate image. All of our passenger companies (with the exception of LanExpress for domestic routes in Chile) will operate under this brand. By uniting all companies under the LAN alliance concept, we seek to enhance the value of our brand, increase efficiency in marketing efforts, and reinforce the idea of an integrated travel experience across all of the alliance’s operators. The rebranding will also involve the use of new paint schemes on our aircraft. We estimate that this process will be completed in the second half of 2005.

 

Build a Comprehensive Network

 

We are in the process of developing a broad network across the region. In the passenger business, the LAN alliance consists of companies in Chile, Peru, Ecuador and, most recently, Argentina, and in the cargo business it includes operators in Chile, Brazil and Mexico. Through this network we are not only able to enhance and diversify our revenue base, but also benefit from complementary traffic flows and seasonal patterns. Our own regional network is complemented by a set of alliances and commercial agreements that strengthen our competitive position and provide customers with access to a global network. We also may grow our network by expanding our operations in other countries.

 

Maintain an Emphasis on Safety

 

Our top priority is safety, and we have structured our operations and maintenance to focus on safe flying. Our main maintenance facilities are certified by the FAA, JAA, DGAC and other civil aviation authorities. Our maintenance procedures and our flight operations are certified under ISO 9001-2000 standards. We have programs in place to train our crews and mechanics at a high level both at facilities abroad or at the training center we have developed in association with world-class partners.

 

Maintain a Solid Financial Position

 

We are one of the few investment-grade rated airlines in the world. We seek to maintain our strong financial position by preserving our financial liquidity and continuing to structure long-term financing for newly acquired aircraft. We also monitor and seek opportunities to reduce financial risks associated with currency, interest rate and jet fuel price fluctuations.

 

Business of the Company

 

Airline Operations and Route Network

 

We are one of the main air transport operators in Latin America. As of May 31, 2005, we operated leading passenger airlines in Chile, Peru and Ecuador. We are also the largest cargo operator in the region. Our international and domestic passenger and cargo operations and services have increased substantially over the past five years in terms of capacity, traffic and revenue.

 

The following table sets forth our gross traffic revenues by activity for the periods indicated.

 

     Year ended December 31,

     2000

   2001

   2002

   2003

   2004

     (in US$ millions)

The Company(1)

                                  

Total passenger revenues

   $ 750.7    $ 803.0    $ 803.7    $ 918.4    $ 1,169.0

Total cargo revenues

     593.5      539.5      520.8      602.0      799.7

Total traffic revenues

   $ 1,344.2    $ 1,342.5    $ 1,324.5    $ 1,520.4    $ 1,968.7

(1) Information provided for the Company consolidates LanPeru beginning August 2001, LanEcuador beginning April 2003 and LanDominicana beginning June 2003.

 

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Passenger Operations

 

As of May 31, 2005, our passenger operations were performed through airlines in Chile, Peru and Ecuador. We operate international services out of these three countries, as well as domestic flights in Chile and Peru. Between June 2003 and May 2004, we also operated international services of the Dominican Republic, which were subsequently suspended due to market conditions. In June 2005, we initiated domestic operations in Argentina and plan to launch international services during the second half of the year.

 

As of May 31, 2005, our network consisted of 15 destinations in Chile, 11 destinations in Peru, two destinations in Ecuador, 12 destinations in other Latin American countries and the Caribbean, three destinations in the United States, two destinations in Europe and four destinations in the South Pacific. Within Latin America we have routes to Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Cuba, the Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Mexico, Peru, Uruguay and Venezuela. We also fly to a variety of international destinations outside Latin America, including Auckland, Frankfurt, Los Angeles, Madrid, Miami, New York, Papeete (Tahiti) and Sydney. In addition, as of May 31, 2005, through our various code-share agreements, we offer service to 23 additional destinations in North America, 10 additional destinations in Europe, 17 additional destinations in Mexico and Central America, and one additional destination in Latin America.

 

The following table sets forth certain of our passenger operating statistics for international and domestic routes for the periods indicated. Domestic operations in Chile are classified as “Domestic”, while domestic operations in Peru are included in the “International” item.

 

     Year ended December 31,

 
     2000

    2001

    2002

    2003

    2004

 

The Company(1)

                              

ASKs (million)

                              

International

   11,145.2     12,904.6     13,011.5     14,505.3     17,389.0  

Domestic

   3,267.8     3,997.1     4,055.2     3,818.6     3,758.4  

Total

   14,413.0     16,901.7     17,066.8     18,323.9     21,147.4  

RPKs (million)

                              

International

   7,807.0     8,584.9     8,457.8     10,271.5     12,620.5  

Domestic

   2,124.3     2,694.9     2,681.8     2,399.5     2,504.9  

Total

   9,931.3     11,279.8     11,139.5     12,671.0     15,125.3  

Passengers (thousands)

                              

International

   2,052.8     2,414.7     2,582.3     3,143.5     4,114.6  

Domestic

   2,263.2     2,821.5     2,734.2     2,365.6     2,464.4  

Total

   4,316.1     5,236.1     5,316.5     5,509.1     6,578.9  

Passenger yield
(passenger revenues/ RPKs, in US cents)

                              

International

   US¢ 7.21     US¢ 6.97     US¢ 6.86     US¢ 6.86     US¢ 7.29  

Domestic

   8.85     7.90     8.35     8.90     9.95  

Combined yield(2)

   US¢ 7.56     US¢ 7.12     US¢ 7.22     US¢ 7.25     US¢ 7.73  

Passenger load factor (%)

                              

International

   70.0 %   66.5 %   65.0 %   70.8 %   72.6 %

Domestic

   65.0     67.4     66.1     62.8     66.6  

Combined load factor(3)

   68.9 %   66.7 %   65.3 %   69.1 %   71.5 %

(1) Information provided for the Company consolidates LanPeru beginning August 2001, LanEcuador beginning April 2003 and LanDominicana beginning June 2003.
(2) Aggregate of international and domestic passenger yield.
(3) Aggregate of international and domestic passenger load factor.

 

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International Passenger Operations

 

International passenger traffic accounted for approximately 83.4% of total passenger traffic for 2004. Our international passenger traffic grew 61.7% between 2000 and 2004, from 7,807.0 million RPKs in 2000 to 12,620.5 million RPKs in 2004, primarily due to trade liberalization, market share gains, increased connecting traffic from other Latin American countries, the launch of new routes and the consolidation of LanPeru in 2001 and LanEcuador and LanDominicana in 2003. As of May 2005, we operated scheduled international services from Chile, Peru and Ecuador through Lan Airlines, Lan Express, LanPeru and LanEcuador.

 

Our international network combines our Chilean, Peruvian and Ecuadorian affiliates. We have operated international services out of Chile since 1946, and we greatly expanded our flights out of Peru and Ecuador with the creation of LanPeru and LanEcuador in 1999 and 2003, respectively. This strategy is aimed at enhancing our value proposition by offering customers more destinations and routing alternatives, maximizing aircraft utilization, increasing load-factors, leveraging complementary seasonal patterns, and optimizing our commercial efforts. We provide long-haul services out of our three main hubs in Santiago, Lima and Guayaquil. We also provide regional services from Chile and Ecuador, and during 2004, we grew our intra-Latin American operations out of Lima to position it as our main regional hub. The following table sets forth the destinations served from each of the countries as of May 31, 2005:

 

Country of Origin


 

Destination


 

Number of Destinations


Chile   Argentina   7
    Bolivia   1
    Brazil   3
    Colombia   1
    Ecuador   1
    Peru   1
    Uruguay   1
    Venezuela   1
    Dominican Republic   1
    Mexico   2
    United States   3
    Spain   1
    Germany   1
    New Zealand   1
    Australia   1
Peru   Argentina   1
    Chile   1
    Colombia   1
    Ecuador   2
    Venezuela   1
    Mexico   1
    United States   3
Ecuador   Argentina   1
    Chile   1
    Peru   1
    United States   2
    Spain   1

 

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Market Conditions and Competition

 

According to JAC data, Chilean international air passenger traffic increased 6.7% in 2004 as compared to 2003, to approximately 15,211.4 million RPKs. We had a 49.6% market share in 2004, based on RPKs, compared to 49.4% in 2003. Our international operations out of Chile can be divided into four main segments: to North America, to Europe, to the rest of Latin America, and to the Pacific. As of May 31, 2005, the other principal carriers that transport passengers between Chile and North America included American Airlines, Delta Airlines, and Air Canada. Our main competitors on routes between Chile and Europe were Air France, Iberia and Lufthansa. On regional routes our main competitors were Aerolineas Argentinas, AeroMexico, Avianca, COPA, TACA, TAM, and Varig. We were the only airline operating between Chile and the South Pacific.

 

Based on the information provided by the Corporación Peruana de Aeropuertos y Aviación Comercial S.A., or CORPAC, international traffic to and from Peru grew 11.4% between 2003 and 2004 to approximately 2,573.7 million RPKs. We had a 26.9% international market share in 2004, based on RPKs. Our Peruvian international operations can be divided into two main segments: to North America and to the rest of Latin America. As of May 31, 2005, our main competitors on routes to North America included American Airlines, Continental Airlines, and Delta Airlines. The other principal carriers operating between Peru and the rest of Latin America as of that date included Aerolineas Argentinas, AeroMexico, Avianca, COPA, and TACA.

 

The Ecuadorian international market (using bookings by IATA travel agencies as proxy for total market size) decreased 13.5% to 449.6 thousand passengers between 2003 and 2004, mainly because of the imposition of visa requirements for Ecuadorians traveling to Spain. According to travel agency statistics, we had a 22.0% market share of the Ecuadorian international market in 2004 compared to 15.3% in 2003. Our Ecuadorian international operations can be divided into three main segments: to North America, to Europe and to the rest of Latin America. As of May 31, 2005, on routes to North America, our main competitors were American Airlines and Continental Airlines. On routes to Europe, our main competitors were Air Madrid, Air Plus, Iberia, and KLM. On regional routes, our main competitors were TACA, COPA and Avianca.

 

Domestic Operations in Chile

 

Description

 

Through the companies Lan Airlines and LanExpress we are the leading domestic passenger airline in Chile. We have operated domestic flights in Chile since the Company’s creation in 1929. As of May 31, 2005, we flew to 15 destinations within Chile (not including Easter Island, which we treat as an international destination even though it is a part of Chile because we serve it with long-haul aircraft) plus two seasonal destinations. Lan Airlines and LanExpress have integrated passenger operations, including operation under the same two-letter “designator reservation code”, and have coordinated fare structures, scheduling and other commercial matters in order to maximize cooperative benefits and revenues for the two carriers. Our strategy is based on providing frequent service to Chile’s main destinations, offering a reliable and high quality service, and leveraging our strong brand position in Chile and abroad. We evaluate our network of domestic routes on an ongoing basis in order to achieve optimal operational efficiency and profitability. Our strategic objective is to maintain our leadership position in our domestic routes. We operate seven Airbus A319/A320 aircraft and 18 Boeing 737-200 aircraft in the Chilean domestic market.

 

Market Conditions and Competition

 

According to JAC data, our domestic market share in Chile was 83.4% for 2003 and 83.1% for 2004. Sky Airline was our main competitor in the Chilean domestic market during 2004 with a 16.6% marketshare. A third operator, Aerolineas del Sur, entered the market in December 2004.

 

The competitive structure of the domestic passenger market has experienced significant changes in recent years. Until June 2002, the Chilean domestic market was served mainly by LAN and AeroContinente Chile (a subsidiary of Peruvian airline AeroContinente). In June 2002, Chilean authorities cancelled AeroContinente Chile’s operation certificate for failure to comply with safety regulations, and later that month, AeroContinente Chile filed for bankruptcy. One week before AeroContinente Chile ceased operations in 2002, Sky Airline, a new carrier owned

 

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by Chilean investors, started domestic service. Sky Airline gradually increased its operations and currently flies to 8 destinations with between five and six Boeing 737-200 aircraft. On December 2004, Aerolineas del Sur, a company related to Aerolineas Argentinas, initiated operations to two destinations in Chile with two Boeing 737-200 aircraft.

 

There are currently no foreign airlines participating in the Chilean domestic market. However, Chile permits foreign airlines to operate in Chile if the airline’s home country gives similar treatment to Chilean airlines. Additionally, there are no regulatory barriers that prevent a foreign airline from creating a Chilean subsidiary and entering the Chilean domestic market using that subsidiary.

 

Domestic Operations in Peru

 

Description

 

Through LanPeru we are the leading domestic passenger airline in Peru. We have operated domestic flights in Peru since the creation of LanPeru in 1999. As of May 31, 2005, we flew to 11 destinations within Peru. In 2004, we were forced to suspend operations following an injunction issued by a Peruvian judge at the request of a former competitor. The suspension lasted approximately 14 hours until we were authorized by a higher court to reinitiate service. Also in 2004, in response to changes in the competitive structure of the domestic market, we expanded our operations considerably and thereby expanded our presence in the Peruvian market. Specifically, we added service to four new destinations and incorporated five Airbus A320 aircraft to our domestic operations in Peru. Our strategy is based on delivering high quality service in Peru and providing intensive and convenient service to Peru’s main destinations while gradually expanding into new markets. Lan Peru operates with a fleet of seven Airbus A320 aircraft.

 

Market Conditions and Competition

 

According to CORPAC data, our domestic market share in Peru was 24.0% for 2003 and 42.1% for 2004. Our main competitors in the Peruvian market during 2004 were AeroContinente and Taca Peru. AeroContinente ceased operations in July 2004 and in response, LanPeru and a number of smaller airlines expanded their operations. As a result of this expansion, our market share increased significantly. As of May 31, 2005, our main competitors in the Peruvian market were Taca Peru, Tans Peru, and Aerocondor.

 

Passenger Alliances and Commercial Agreements

 

The following are our passenger alliances and partnerships as of May 31, 2005:

 

    oneworld®. In June 2000, Lan Airlines and LanPeru were officially incorporated into the oneworld® alliance, a global marketing alliance consisting of American Airlines, British Airways PLC, Cathay Pacific Airlines Ltd., Qantas, Iberia, Finnair OYJ and Aer Lingus Group Limited which, among other benefits, offers improved service to frequent flyer customers. Together, these airlines are able to offer customers travel advantages, such as approximately 600 worldwide destinations and schedule flexibility.

 

    American Airlines. Since 1997, Lan Airlines has had an agreement with American Airlines which enables Lan Airlines and American Airlines to share carrier codes for certain flights on global reservations systems, thereby enabling American Airlines passengers to purchase seats on Lan Airlines flights and vice-versa. The DOT granted antitrust immunity to our arrangement with American Airlines in October 1999. The antitrust immunity encompasses cooperation in commercial and operational areas such as pricing, scheduling, joint marketing efforts and reductions of airport and purchasing costs, as well as further implementation of cargo synergies in areas such as handling and other airport services. For more information see “—Regulation—U.S. Aeronautical Regulation—Regulatory Authorizations in Connection With Strategic Alliances” below. Through this alliance, we currently offer service to 19 additional destinations in the United States and Canada.

 

    Iberia. In January 2001, Lan Airlines initiated a code-share agreement with Iberia, pursuant to which we offer passengers between ten and fourteen non-stop frequencies per week between Santiago and

 

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Madrid on Airbus A340 aircraft. We also offer, through code-share flights operated by Iberia, one-stop service to Amsterdam, Barcelona, Bilbao, Frankfurt, London (Heathrow), Paris, Rome, Zurich, Milan and Brussels.

 

    Qantas. In July 2002, Lan Airlines initiated a code-share agreement with Qantas to operate between Santiago, Chile and Sydney, Australia with a stopover in Auckland, New Zealand. As of May 31, 2005, this code-share agreement includes four weekly frequencies operated by Lan Airlines on Airbus A340 aircraft.

 

    British Airways. In August 2000, Lan Airlines initiated a new code-share agreement with British Airways on Lan Airlines flights between Buenos Aires and Santiago. British Airways withdrew from the Chilean market in August 2000, and continues to use the Lan Airlines code-share agreement in order to provide service for its passengers traveling from London to Santiago, through a connection in Buenos Aires. On May 8, 2001, we expanded this code-share agreement to include British Airways’ flights between Madrid and London.

 

    Alaska Airlines. Since 1999, Lan Airlines has been in an alliance with Alaska Airlines Inc. which currently permits us to provide customers with service between Chile, the west coast of the United States and Canada. As part of this code-share agreement, we offer our customers service on Alaska Airlines’ flights from Los Angeles to Portland, Seattle, Vancouver and Calgary.

 

    AeroMexico. In 2004 we expanded our previous alliance with AeroMexico. The new agreement consists of all of our passenger airlines. Under this alliance, we code-share in flights to Mexico from Chile and Peru, as well as to 14 domestic destinations in Mexico. Additionally, it will provide our passengers with benefits such as easier connections and reciprocal accrual and redemption of frequent flyer kilometers.

 

    Mexicana de Aviación. In 2004 we signed a new alliance with Mexicana that covers all of our passenger airlines. This agreement provides LAN with 10 additional destinations in Mexico and Central America. Additionally, our passengers will benefit from smoother connections and will be able to accrue and redeem their frequent flyer benefits on LAN’s or Mexicana’s programs.

 

    Other alliances. In addition, Lan Airlines has regional code-share agreements with Transportes Aereos del Mercosur S.A. (“TAM Mercosur”) from Santiago to Asunción, Paraguay (which is operated by TAM Mercosur). In September 2002, we terminated our partnership with Varig in routes from Chile to Brazil. In November 2004 we signed a memorandum of understanding with Korean Airlines to develop an alliance, which we expect will be implemented during the second half of 2005.

 

Passenger Marketing and Sales

 

Our international and domestic marketing strategy stresses punctuality, convenient flight departure schedules and frequent service to major international destinations such as New York, Los Angeles, Miami, Madrid, Sydney, Buenos Aires and Sao Paulo. In order to strengthen our market position, we have continued improving our passenger cabins and service and continually monitor our corporate image. For more information on the recent improvements we have made to our cabins and corporate image see “—Business Strategy” below.

 

Although we significantly reduced costs during 2002, we did not reduce the quality of our service and minimized the impact that these savings had on our customers. Additionally, we have continued to upgrade our aircraft seats and cabins and the in-flight amenities that we provide.

 

Branding

 

In March 2004, we launched our new brand “LAN” under which we started to operate all of our international passenger service that we previously operated under the local brands such as “LanChile”, “LanPeru” and “LanEcuador”. As part of this marketing program, we are also in the process of changing our corporate image,

 

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including our logo and aircraft paint schemes. We will continue to operate domestic routes in Chile under the LanExpress brand, although the aircraft operated by our LanExpress fleet will feature the LAN paint scheme. In accordance with our plan, the majority of our aircraft now feature our new livery, and we have changed our corporate image on all the countries in which we operate. We expect this change will enable our customers to better understand the common service and operating standards that exist between our airlines. Additionally, we believe our new image will improve the visibility of our brand, enhance flexibility, and increase the efficiency of our marketing efforts. Our commercial strategy, centered on exploiting the LAN alliance concept, has been widely recognized, as exemplified by the decision of Airline Business magazine to recognize us in 2004 with its “Airline Strategy Award, Marketing”.

 

Distribution Channels

 

We use direct and indirect distribution channels. We have focused on streamlining our distribution strategy in order to reduce costs and enhance the effectiveness of our commercial efforts. This effort has resulted in efficiency gains, and we believe it should lead to further benefits in the future.

 

Travel agents conduct indirect sales and accounted for approximately 66% of passengers during 2004. We paid these travel agents standard commissions ranging from 0% to 9% depending on the market. Consistent with our efforts to reduce commission costs and in line with current market practices, in recent years we have reduced standard commissions in several markets. In addition to the payment of a base commission, we have supported the growth of our international operations by offering premiums on commissions to agents who sell tickets in excess of certain target amounts.

 

Travel agents obtain airline travel information and issue airline tickets through Computer Reservation Systems, or CRSs, that enable them to make reservations on flights from a large number of airlines. CRSs are also used by travel agents to make hotel and car rental reservations. We participate actively in all major international CRSs, including Sabre, Amadeus, Galileo and Worldspan. In return for access to these systems we pay transaction fees that are generally based on the number of reservations booked through each system.

 

Direct channels refer to sales by our own ticket offices, call-centers and website. In 2004, direct bookings accounted for approximately 34% of all of our passengers. We have an extensive sales and marketing network consisting of more than 150 domestic and international ticket offices and general sales agents in more than 38 countries.

 

In order to increase the volume of direct sales, support the growth of our international operations and provide improved service to our customers, we have developed a call-center network. Our main call-center is located in Santiago, and we have additional call-centers in Argentina, the United States and Peru. Our call-center network operates 24 hours a day, seven days a week. During 2003, we designed a plan to modernize our call centers. Implementation of this plan began in 2004 and encompasses several initiatives, such as the incorporation of voice-recognition technology and the deployment of home-based agents (who will connect to the call center from their homes). This plan aims to support future growth, increase flexibility and enhance service quality.

 

We have worked intensively to make our website an integral part of our commercial and marketing efforts. Since March 2004, we replaced our previous sites with www.lan.com as part of the launch of our new corporate image. Together with other direct sales initiatives, our website provides us with a very important tool to reduce our distribution costs. Internet sales have increased significantly, rising 63% in 2004 compared to 2003, and amounting to approximately US$48 million in 2004. Additionally, we have utilized our website as an alternative to sell distressed inventory through “Last Minute Offers” at discounted prices. Besides serving as a sales channel, we have utilized our website as a tool to provide value-added services and enhance communication. We send weekly promotional e-mails to more than 500,000 subscribers, and members of our frequent flyer program receive their monthly balances and other information by e-mail and can access the data and redeem awards through our website. Additionally, consistent with the LanExpress concept, during 2004 we strongly promoted our Internet-based check-in service for domestic flights. This service allows our passengers to obtain their boarding passes from their home or office, thus avoiding traditional airport counter procedures. Through December 2004, more than 12.5% of our domestic passengers were using this system.

 

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As part of our effort to reduce distribution costs, in 2004 we launched and promoted web fares on our Chilean domestic routes, by giving a price advantage to customers booking through our direct channels or our travel agent portal. As a result, 15% of our domestic bookings were done through our website in December 2004, compared to 7% in December 2003.

 

Electronic Ticketing

 

In 1997, we introduced electronic tickets, commonly referred to as e-tickets, and have since worked to increase their penetration. E-tickets are a key element of our sales efforts through the Internet and our call centers and therefore enable us to significantly reduce distribution costs. E-tickets, which accounted for approximately 56% of tickets sold during 2004, are currently available in more than 95% of LAN routes. E-tickets have grown consistently and currently account for approximately 70% of Lan Airlines’ tickets. However, gradual introduction since 2003 in our affiliates, such as LanPeru and LanEcuador, has impacted the overall average. Since 2003, we have advanced in implementing interline e-tickets, and, in line with this effort, in mid-2005 we completed the implementation of this feature with all of our oneworld® partners.

 

Advertising and Promotional Activities

 

Our advertising and promotional activities include the use of television, print and radio advertisements as well as direct marketing. During 2004, we focused on supporting the launch of our new corporate image through our first regional campaign. We also implemented a campaign to stimulate internet sales, as well as web-based check-in and service redemption. Additionally, we deployed campaigns to increase awareness of the new routes we launched during the year.

 

Frequent Flyer Program

 

Our frequent flyer program is called LanPass. LanPass’s objective is to generate incremental revenue and customer retention through customer loyalty and targeted marketing. LanPass has approximately 1.4 million members. LanPass awards kilometers to customers based on distance flown and class of ticket purchased. Based on an award schedule, customers can redeem kilometers for free tickets or upgrades. Under our current frequent flyer program, our passengers are grouped into three different elite levels based on each passenger’s flying behavior. These different groups determine which benefits customers are eligible to receive, such as free upgrades on a space-available basis, VIP lounge access, and preferred boarding and check-in. LanPass has highly rated partners, including other airlines, hotels, car rental agencies, retailers, and credit card issuers from the main financial institutions in Chile, Peru and Ecuador, which give additional kilometers to customers for using their services. As an active member of the oneworld® alliance, we have reciprocal frequent-flyer agreements with all oneworld® carriers. In addition, we have reciprocal agreements with other carriers, such as Alaska Airlines, AeroMexico or Mexicana, that allow us to benefit from the loyalty of their customers, as they can accrue miles under their frequent flyer program when traveling on LAN’s flights. Finally, as part of our frequent flyer program, we have developed a comprehensive database with all flying information from LanPass customers, plus demographic and other relevant customer information, that allows us to generate targeted promotions to different customer segments, reducing dilution and maximizing response rate. This type of information is also a source for customer metrics and monitoring and provides significant management information.

 

Cargo Operations

 

The following table sets forth certain of our cargo operating statistics for domestic and international routes for the periods indicated.

 

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     Year ended December 31,

 
     2000

    2001

    2002

    2003

    2004

 

The Company

                              

RTKs (millions)

                              

International

   2,001.9     1,809.1     1,788.2     1,876.6     2,226.5  

Domestic

   38.6     44.1     45.6     35.2     32.9  
    

 

 

 

 

Total

   2,040.5     1,853.2     1,833.8     1,911.9     2,259.4  

Weight of cargo carried (millions of tons)

                              

International

   373.6     358.6     388.2     397.4     481.3  

Domestic

   29.8     32.9     32.8     26.8     25.1  
    

 

 

 

 

Total

   403.4     391.5     421.0     424.2     506.3  

Total cargo yield (cargo revenues/RTKs, in US cents)

   29.09     29.11     28.40     31.49     35.39  

Total cargo load factor (%)

   72.8 %   69.2 %   67.1 %   67.1 %   68.7 %

 

Our cargo business generated revenues of approximately US$520.8 million in 2002, US$602.0 million in 2003 and US$799.7 in 2004, representing 35.9%, 36.7% and 38.2%, respectively, of our operating revenues. Cargo revenues grew 53.5% between 2002 and 2004 primarily due to the addition of new routes and improved yields.

 

Our domestic and international cargo business generally operates on the same route network used by our passenger airline business, which is supplemented by freighter-only operations. Overall, it consists of 66 international destinations (41 operated by passenger and/or freighter aircraft and approximately 25 operated only by freighter aircraft). We complement our own operations through coordination with our regional affiliates, MasAir in Mexico, and Absa in Brazil. We also have a minority stake in Florida West International Airways in the United States. We carry cargo for a variety of customers, including other international air carriers, freight-forwarding companies and individual consumers. For information about our fleet, see “—Fleet—General” below.

 

We transport cargo in four ways: in the bellies of our passenger aircraft, in our own dedicated freighter fleet, in belly space that we purchase from other airlines and in aircraft that we lease pursuant to ACMI contracts (Aircraft, Crew, Maintenance and Insurance lease contracts, which are also known as “wet-leases” in which the lessor operates the aircraft and provides the aircraft, crew, maintenance and insurance) or charters according to short- and medium-term contracts.

 

International Cargo Operations

 

Our international cargo routes to, from and within Latin America accounted for approximately 96% of total cargo revenues in 2002, 98% of total cargo revenues in 2003 and 98% of total cargo revenues in 2004.

 

Our international cargo operations are headquartered in Miami, whose geographical location positions it as the natural gateway for Latin American imports and exports to and from the United States, and since 2001, are centered in our 380,000 square-foot facilities located within the Miami International Airport. The United States accounts for the majority of the cargo traffic to and from Latin America. Besides being the main market for Latin American exports by air, the United States is also the main supplier of goods, such as high-tech equipment or spare parts, transported by air to Latin American countries. To complement our own cargo operations to the United States, we have negotiated commercial agreements with American Airlines on some routes from Miami to Latin America.

 

In Europe, we operate to two gateways: Madrid, which we serve via passenger aircraft (using our flights from Santiago and Guayaquil), and Frankfurt (through passenger flights and freighter-only operations since October 2002, when we signed our partnership with Lufthansa Cargo (for more information on this agreement see “—Cargo Agreements” below)). We also serve Paris through a commercial agreement with TAM, a Brazilian airline.

 

In Latin America, the principal origins of our cargo are Chile, Ecuador, Peru and Colombia, which represent a large part of our northbound traffic.

 

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Our international cargo traffic increased 11.2% between 2000 and 2004, from 2,001.9 million cargo revenue ton kilometers in 2000 to 2,226.5 million cargo revenue ton kilometers in 2004. We believe that the primary reasons for the growth in cargo operations are:

 

    increased trade throughout Latin America;

 

    our expansion and growing presence in new cargo markets;

 

    a worldwide trend toward greater consumption of fresh fruit, fresh fish and other fresh products;

 

    commercial agreements with other airlines; and

 

    a worldwide trend towards reduced inventories.

 

Our international cargo traffic decreased 1.2% in 2002, increased 4.9% in 2003 and increased 21.1% in 2004. The drop in 2002 relates mainly to weak southbound demand and increased competitive activity. The improvement in 2003 and 2004 is the result of a rebound in southbound traffic during the second half of 2003 and of a stronger competitive position. Our main competitors, AGI and later Arrow, significantly reduced their operations during the second half of 2003, and UPS and FedEx either downsized their operations or exited some markets. Since mid-2004, competition increased as regional carriers added capacity, but we have been able to maintain solid market shares. Today, on Latin America-United States routes, our main competitors are Cielos del Perú S.A., Transportes Aereos Mercantiles Panamericanos S.A., or TAMPA, and Polar Air, and on the Latin American-Europe routes, our main competitors are Cargolux, Lufthansa Cargo, Martinair and Air France.

 

Domestic Cargo Operations in Chile

 

Our domestic cargo in Chile operations accounted for 2% of cargo revenues in 2004. They are based out of Santiago and operate mainly under the LAN Cargo brand name. Domestic cargo traffic increased 3.4% in 2002, decreased 22.8% in 2003, and decreased 6.4% in 2004. Our domestic transports consist primarily of fresh fish and seafood, express packages, spare parts, newspapers, vegetables and general cargo. We use the cargo space available on our passenger aircraft on domestic routes. In addition, we operate daily (except weekends) overnight services to the largest northern cities with a Boeing 737-200 cargo aircraft. In domestic cargo operations, we compete on the basis of punctuality, scheduling and service. Our principal competitor in the domestic cargo market is Sky Airline. For the twelve-month period ended December 31, 2004, we held a 91.8% market share of the domestic air cargo market.

 

Cargo Agreements

 

In January 2002, LAN Cargo and Lufthansa Cargo implemented an agreement to jointly operate between Europe and Latin America. As part of this agreement, LAN Cargo allocates space to Lufthansa Cargo on its flights between selected cities in Latin America and Europe, and Lufthansa Cargo allocates space to LAN Cargo on its flights between Europe and Brazil and Argentina. Also, LAN Cargo increased its freighter weekly frequencies to Europe from two to three, and now operates to Lufthansa Cargo’s hub in Frankfurt. In 2004 we enhanced our relationship with Lufthansa Cargo to optimize the provision of cargo handling services at key airports.

 

Additionally, LAN has agreements on routes between Brazil and United States. LAN Cargo and TAM have an allotment agreement pursuant to which we purchase cargo space on TAM’s flights between Brazil and Paris. LAN Cargo and American Airlines have an allotment agreement on certain routes between Brazil and Miami.

 

Marketing and Sales

 

Our sales and marketing efforts are carried out either directly when we have a local office or through general sales agents. In Latin America we have our own offices in all relevant markets. In the United States we have our own offices in Miami, New York and Los Angeles, and work with representatives in various other cities. In Europe we have offices in Frankfurt, Madrid and Paris and use agents in other relevant cities. Finally, in Asia all our sales efforts are done through general sales agents. In total, we maintain a network of more than 50 independent cargo sales agencies domestically and internationally. Our cargo marketing strategy emphasizes our combination of freighter and passenger aircraft cargo capacity, which allows customers to ship large, bulky freight, as well as smaller, high-density cargo, fresh produce

 

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and other types of cargo. Our cargo marketing strategy also emphasizes our high-quality services, scheduling flexibility and punctuality. On some routes, LAN offers special products such as Positive FS, which enables the customer to choose a specific passenger flight to transport its goods.

 

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Fleet

 

General

 

As of May 31, 2005, we operated a fleet of 63 jet aircraft, comprised of 56 passenger aircraft and seven cargo aircraft, as set forth in the following chart.

 

     Number of aircraft in
operation(1)


   Average
term of
lease
remaining
(years)


   Average
age
(years)


     Total

   Owned

   Operating
lease


     

Passenger aircraft

                        

Boeing 737-200

   18    11    7    1.8    26.8

Airbus A319-100

   5    0    5    11.1    1.0

Airbus A320-200

   14    4    10    7.0    3.7

Boeing 767-300ER

   15    3    12    2.7    9.8

Airbus A340-300

   4    0    4    7.9    4.1

Total passenger aircraft

   56    18    38    5.3    12.6

Cargo aircraft(1)(2)

                        

Boeing 737-200F freighter

   1    1    0    —      35.1

Boeing 767-300F freighter

   6    5    1    1.5    5.0
    
  
  
  
  

Total cargo aircraft

   7    6    1    1.5    9.3
    
  
  
  
  

Total fleet(3)

   63    24    39    5.2    12.2
    
  
  
  
  

(1) We have also historically leased between one and six DC-10 and/or Boeing 747 freighters under short-term ACMI contracts. The number of aircraft leased under such short-term leases has typically fluctuated during the year according to seasonal demand.
(2) We have subleased one Boeing 767-300F to Florida West.
(3) Does not include one McDonnell-Douglas DC-8 freighter aircraft owned by the Company and currently out of operation and one Boeing 767-200 passenger aircraft leased to AeroMexico.

 

The daily average hourly utilization rates of our aircraft for each of the periods indicated are set forth below.

 

     Year ended December 31,

     2002

   2003

   2004

     (measured in hours)

Passenger aircraft

              

Airbus A340

   15.4    15.6    16.0

Boeing 767-300ER

   15.1    15.4    15.2

Airbus A320

   8.9    9.2    9.4

Airbus A319(1)

   —      8.7    8.1

Boeing 737-200

   5.8    5.3    6.0

Cargo aircraft

              

Boeing 737-200C

   —      3.2    3.4

Boeing 767-300F

   15.5    15.6    16.5

(1) We incorporated three Airbus A319 into our fleet between September and November 2004.

 

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In recent years, we have significantly modernized our passenger and cargo fleets through the incorporation of new aircraft. We continue to modernize our passenger fleet through the acquisition and lease of new Airbus aircraft. Under purchase agreements that we have entered into with Airbus Industrie in 1998 and 1999, we have incorporated into our fleet five Airbus A319-100s, 14 A320s and four A340s, and have a commitment to incorporate into our fleet an additional 11 Airbus aircraft between 2005 and 2008. While we plan to gradually replace our existing Boeing 737-200 fleet with the A320-family or similar aircraft, the A340s complement our Boeing 767 fleet in our long haul operations. In June 2005, we signed a letter of intent with Airbus to purchase 25 additional Airbus A320-family aircraft for delivery between 2006 and 2008. Our purchase contracts with Airbus provide for flexibility with regard to future changes in aircraft types and delivery dates. For more information, see “Additional Information—Material Contracts” under Item 10.

 

We believe our fleet of A320-family aircraft will allow us to provide broader service across Latin America as well as the domestic markets that we serve. We also believe that they will enable us to increase efficiency levels through reduced fuel consumption and maintenance costs. As replacements for older short-haul Boeing 737-200 aircraft, the Airbus A320-family aircraft will further modernize and standardize our fleet and allow us to fulfill the requirements of our anticipated route structure more efficiently, given their ability to serve short-haul and medium-haul markets efficiently.

 

We have also acquired Boeing 767-300 passenger and cargo aircraft. In 1998 we purchased three Boeing 767-300ER passenger aircraft. Between 1998 and 2001, we incorporated six new Boeing 767-300F freighters into our fleet to replace older and less efficient DC-8 freighters in order to better serve the Latin American cargo market. In 2004 and the first half of 2005, we agreed to purchase a total of six Boeing 767-300ER passenger aircraft and six Boeing 767-300F aircraft. Delivery of these aircraft is scheduled to take place between July 2005 and October 2008. We have the option to convert some of the orders from the passenger version to the freighter version or depending on our needs.

 

From time to time, we also decide to purchase used aircraft for opportunistic and economic reasons. Because of the attractiveness of the purchase price compared to the cost of continuing to lease the aircraft, we acquired three Boeing 737-200s in 2002 and one DC-8 in 2003 that were previously leased to LAN. The latter was sold in 2004. In 2003, we converted one of our Boeing 737-200 passenger aircraft into a freighter to serve domestic routes.

 

We also use aircraft under operating leases to support our development strategy. We incorporated one Boeing 767-300 during 2003 and four Boeing 767-300 in 2004 pursuant to operating leases. We expect to add up to three more 767-300 aircraft during 2005. In 2004, we also added three Boeing 737-200 aircraft under three-year operating leases with attractive terms. In order to increase the scale of our operations in the short term, we expect to incorporate up to nine more Boeing 737-200 under medium-term leases during 2005.

 

Historically, we have also utilized between one and five cargo aircraft pursuant to short-term ACMI leases. These contracts enable us to adjust capacity on a short- to medium-term basis in order to manage the volatility of the demand for cargo services and increased access to certain cargo destinations. As of May 31, 2005, we were utilizing four Boeing 747 freighters and one DC-10 aircraft under ACMI leases from different suppliers. Our current ACMI contracts are for a period ranging from one to five years.

 

Fleet Leasing and Financing Arrangements

 

Our financing and leasing methods include borrowing from financial institutions and leasing under financial leases, tax leases and operating leases.

 

We financed the acquisition of three Boeing 767-300ER passenger aircraft and five Boeing 767-300F freighters through syndicated loans provided by international financial institutions with the support of guarantees issued by the Export-Import Bank of the United States. Four of these aircraft have 12-year repayment profiles, and the remaining four have 15-year repayment profiles.

 

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In 2000, to finance our Airbus aircraft, we entered into a US$1.3 billion umbrella credit facility with a syndicate of international financial institutions under which we borrow in the form of separate loans in connection with the specific financing requirements of each Airbus aircraft (including pre-delivery and long-term financing). This umbrella facility provides for guarantees from the English, French and German Export Credit Agencies. Our repayment profile for each aircraft financed under the facility is of up to 18 years. Under this financing package we have incorporated into our fleet Airbus aircraft through operating leases, financial leases and tax leases. The Airbus financing facility covers the aircraft scheduled to be delivered under our Airbus purchase agreements through December 31, 2006.

 

On June 12, 2005, we made the final payment with respect to a Boeing 767-200 aircraft we held under a capital lease. We sublease this aircraft to a third party at a market rate and recently extended this sublease until July 2007.

 

As of April 30, 2005, we held 39 aircraft under operating leases. Under the terms of our operating leases, we are required to return the aircraft in an agreed upon condition at the end of the lease. Although the title to the aircraft remains with the lessor, we are responsible during the lease term for the maintenance, servicing, insurance, repair and overhaul of the aircraft. As of December 31, 2004, aggregate future minimum lease payments required under our aircraft operating leases were US$874.3 million. Our operating leases have terms ranging from three to 12 years from the date of delivery of the aircraft. For more information, see Note 17 to our audited consolidated financial statements.

 

Maintenance and Safety

 

Maintenance

 

Our heavy maintenance, line maintenance and component shop capabilities are equipped to service our entire fleet of Airbus and Boeing aircraft. Our maintenance capabilities allow us flexibility in scheduling airframe maintenance, substantially reducing our need to rely on third-party maintenance providers.

 

Our maintenance base at the Arturo Merino Benítez International Airport in Santiago, Chile is among the most extensive in Latin America and has been certified as an FAA and JAA approved repair station. Our hangars at our Santiago repair station can service four narrow-body and two wide-body aircraft simultaneously, and contain maintenance workshops for repairing avionics, hydraulics and pneumatics components. In addition, we have facilities for designing and manufacturing galleys, structures and composite materials, and we have the capability to retrofit aircraft interiors, including sophisticated in-flight entertainment equipment. As part of our expansion plan in Argentina, we plan to develop a maintenance facility in that country.

 

During 2004, our engineering and maintenance division was subjected to multiple external audits from aviation authorities such as the Chilean DGAC, the FAA, the Argentine DNA, Bermuda’s BDCA and the Brazilian DAC. The audits were conducted in connection with each country’s certification processes and enable us to continue to perform maintenance for aircraft registered in the certificating jurisdictions. Our engineering and maintenance division received ISO 9001-2000 certification and has been certified FAA and under the EASA Part-145 standard (new JAA JAR-145). Our operations have been certified ISO 9001-2000.

 

We also rely on third parties for certain maintenance of our aircraft and engines. Lufthansa Technik provides our Airbus A320 family and A340 component support on a power-by-the-hour basis under a long term contract, which runs until 2013. General Electric provides the maintenance of our Airbus A340 engines under a similar contract, which runs until 2013. The maintenance of most of our Boeing 767 engines is provided by General Electric. Substantially all of our other engine maintenance is also provided by third parties.

 

We occasionally perform certain maintenance services for other airlines. Our aircraft maintenance personnel participate in extensive training programs at the jointly-operated Lufthansa LAN Technical Training S.A.

 

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Safety

 

We place a high priority on providing safe and reliable air service. We have uniform safety standards and safety-related training programs that cover all of our operations. In particular, we periodically evaluate the skills, experience and safety records of our pilots in order to maintain strict control over the quality of our pilot crews. All of our aircraft pilots participate in training programs, some of which are sponsored by aircraft manufacturers, and all are required to undergo recurrent training. For more information, see “Directors, Senior Management and Employees—Employees” under Item 6.

 

Since 1991, we have had no accidents involving major injury to passengers, crew or aircraft.

 

Fuel Supplies

 

The availability and cost of jet fuel have a significant impact on our results of operations. Fuel costs represented approximately 14.8%, 17.0% and 21.6% of our operating expenses in 2002, 2003 and 2004, respectively. In 2004, we purchased a substantial portion of the fuel for our domestic flights in Chile and a portion of the fuel for our international flights through one-year renewable contracts with Air BP-COPEC, Exxon Mobil Aviation and Shell Chile S.A.C.I. We also purchase a portion of the fuel for our international flights from foreign fuel suppliers located at the destinations of those flights, at international market prices. In Peru, we purchase our fuel mainly from Repsol YPF, Exxon Mobil and Petroperu. In Ecuador, we purchase our fuel mainly from Repsol YPF. In the United States, we purchase our fuel mainly from Shell, Air BP and Glencore.

 

Over the last few years, our fuel consumption and expenses have increased primarily as a result of increases in our operations. Fuel efficiency (measured as fuel consumption per ATK) has improved in recent years due to the utilization of newer aircraft. Fuel prices are influenced by economic and political factors and events occurring throughout the world, and this has led to significant volatility. In 2004, fuel costs increased 59.7% due to a 35.6% increase in average fuel prices for the year and 17.8% increase in consumption. We can neither control nor accurately predict fuel prices; however, we offset our price variation risk, in part, through our jet fuel hedging program and the application of a cargo fuel surcharge. For more information, see “Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk—Risk of Fluctuation in Jet Fuel Prices” under Item 11.

 

The following table details our consolidated fuel consumption and operating costs (which exclude fuel costs related to charter operations in which fuel expenses are covered by the entity that charters the flight).

 

     Year ended December 31,

 
     2000

    2001

    2002

    2003

    2004

 

Fuel consumption
(thousands of gallons)

     224,960.3       244,891.6       245,456.5       261,147.2       307,548.0  

ATKs (millions)

     4,119.7       4,212.5       4,281.8       4,539.2       5,256.2  

Fuel consumption per ATK
(thousands of gallons)

     0.05       0.06       0.06       0.06       0.06  

Total fuel costs (US$ thousands)

   US$ 232,612     US$ 222,402     US$ 205,524     US$ 259,566     US$ 414,539  

Cost per gallon (US$)(1)

   US$ 1.03     US$ 0.91     US$ 0.84     US$ 0.99     US$ 1.35  

Total fuel costs as a percentage of total operating costs

     17.2 %     16.1 %     14.8 %     17.0 %     21.6 %

(1) Average price paid per gallon on fuel.

 

Ground Facilities and Services

 

Even though our main operations are based at the Arturo Merino Benítez International Airport in Santiago, Chile, we also operate from various other airports in Chile and abroad. We operate hangars, aircraft parking and other airport service facilities at the Arturo Merino Benítez International Airport and other airports throughout Chile

 

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pursuant to concessions granted by the DGAC. We also maintain two customs warehouses at the Arturo Merino Benítez International Airport, additional customs warehouses in Chile (Iquique, Antofagasta, and Punta Arenas) and Argentina (Rosario) and operate cargo warehouses at the Miami International Airport to service our cargo customers. Our facilities at Miami International Airport include corporate offices for our cargo and passenger operations and temperature-controlled and freezer space for imports and exports.

 

We have VIP lounges at the Arturo Merino Benítez International Airport. The 7,500 square foot Neruda lounge represented an investment of US$600,000 and has already been widely acclaimed, and was ranked as one of the top ten VIP lounges in the world by Forbes magazine in 2002 and in 2003, Latin Trade magazine selected it as the “Best Airline Lounge” in Latin America.

 

Finally, we incur certain airport usage fees and other charges for services performed by the various airports where we operate, such as air traffic control charges, take-off and landing fees, aircraft parking fees and fees payable in connection with the use of passenger waiting rooms and check-in counter space.

 

Ancillary Airline Activities

 

In addition to our airline operations, we generate revenues from a variety of other services. In 2004, LAN generated other revenues for US$124.2 million.

 

Our total revenue from aircraft leases (including subleases to certain of our cargo affiliates, dry-leases, wet-leases and capacity sales to alliance partners) and charter flights, amounted to US$40.1 million in 2004.

 

LAN also provides cargo-related services such as courier, warehousing, fulfillment and customs services, through various subsidiaries. Through our subsidiary LanCourier we operate vans and trucks and offer distribution and warehouse services throughout Chile. By using tracking and Internet technology, LanCourier customers have real-time access to data regarding the status of their parcels. LanLogistics is a LAN Cargo subsidiary dedicated to the development of higher-value door-to-door express cargo products and services between Latin America and the United States. LanLogistics operates through different subsidiaries and brands, such as LanBox and SkyBox for the Internet-based fulfillment services and as SkyNet for the international courier services. During 2004, our logistics and courier businesses generated revenues of approximately US$19.9 million. We also have storage and customs brokerage operations that generated revenues of approximately US$8.9 million.

 

During 2004, we also had revenues of US$13.5 million for ground services, US$12.3 million for duty-free in-flight sales. The balance of our operating revenues (US$29.5 million in 2004) was generated by sales to third parties by Amadeus Chile CRS (computer reservation system), aircraft maintenance services to third parties, our security services business, tour operations, and other activities.

 

Insurance

 

We carry hull insurance that includes, among other coverage, “all risk”, war and allied risks, spares and liability for passengers, cargo, mail, baggage and third parties. We renew our insurance coverage yearly, and are subject to deductibles that vary depending on the type of coverage and the type of loss. Our deductibles are approximately US$1,250 for loss or damage associated with passenger baggage liabilities, US$10,000 for loss or damage associated with cargo liabilities and US$1.0 million for hull “all risk” insurance for Boeing 767 and Airbus A340 aircraft. Additionally, we have hull deductible coverage to reduce the net deductible to US$100,000 per aircraft and/or engine.

 

Our insurance coverage has a one-year term ending in December of each year. The aggregate cost of our insurance coverage for the 2004 calendar year was US$14.6 million, which represents a 25.7% decrease in insurance expenses compared to the 2003 calendar year. The annual insurance cost has been consistently reduced over the last three years, due to improved insurance market conditions as well as LAN’s excellent loss ratios.

 

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Information Technology

 

We use information technology in virtually every aspect of our business.

 

With the exception of our reservations, departure control (check-in), inventory, flight planning and baggage tracing systems, which are operated by Amadeus, Iberia and SITA, we operate our systems from two data center facilities in Santiago.

 

Third party suppliers provide us with the following technical infrastructure elements:

 

    wide-area data network (provided mainly by SITA); and

 

    data centers and desktop operations and support (provided by EDS).

 

Basic Infrastructure Operation

 

Since early 2003, we have outsourced our IT infrastructure management to EDS. This service includes the administration and support of the data centers and desktop equipment. EDS’s assistance has enabled us to:

 

    increase the efficiency of our IT operations;

 

    convert fixed costs into variable costs;

 

    guarantee that service standards (such as up-time and response time) required by critical processes of our business are fulfilled;

 

    accelerate critical infrastructure projects while significantly reducing investment requirements;

 

    increase the efficiency of our personnel; and

 

    focus internal IT efforts on business functions, rather than basic hardware and software issues.

 

Telecommunications

 

We have used the latest technology available with regard to our global telecommunications network. We have redesigned our network by combining traditional private data channels with virtual private networks through the Internet. The program also involves voice transmission through data-channels. This initiative has enabled us to reduce our communications expenses significantly.

 

Front End Systems

 

During 2002, we deployed new systems to support our sales personnel. These systems provide the employees who deal directly with our customers with additional tools to improve service, enhance customer information and increase efficiency. During 2003 and 2004, we implemented these systems at our airport counters and our call centers.

 

Enterprise Resource Planning

 

In 2002, we purchased an enterprise resource planning (“ERP”) system from SAP. This system was fully implemented in the second quarter of 2004 in Lan Airlines and almost all of its subsidiaries. This ERP system includes modules covering areas such as: finance, accounting, inventory management, human resources, business warehouse, as well as a user-friendly portal. We are currently working in optimizing and simplifying this system, and in leveraging it to increase the efficiency of our back-office processes.

 

Regulation

 

Chilean Aeronautical Regulation

 

Both the DGAC and the JAC oversee and regulate the Chilean aviation industry. The DGAC reports directly to the Chilean Air Force and is responsible for supervising compliance with Chilean laws and regulations relating to air navigation. The JAC is the Chilean civil aviation authority. Primarily on the basis of Decree Law No.

 

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2,564, which regulates commercial aviation, the JAC regulates the assignment of domestic and international routes, and the DGAC regulates flight operations, including personnel, aircraft and security standards, air traffic control and airport management. We have obtained and maintain the necessary authority from the Chilean government to conduct flight operations, including authorization certificates from the JAC and technical operative certificates from the DGAC, the continuation of which is subject to the ongoing compliance with applicable statutes, rules and regulations pertaining to the airline industry, including any rules and regulations that may be adopted in the future.

 

Chile is a contracting state, as well as a permanent member, of the International Civil Aviation Organization, or the ICAO, an agency of the United Nations established in 1947 to assist in the planning and development of international air transport. The ICAO establishes technical standards for the international aviation industry, which Chilean authorities have incorporated into Chilean laws and regulations. In the absence of an applicable Chilean regulation concerning safety or maintenance, the DGAC has incorporated by reference the majority of the ICAO’s technical standards. We believe that we are in material compliance with all relevant technical standards.

 

Route Rights

 

Domestic Routes. Chilean airlines are not required to obtain permits in connection with carrying passengers or cargo on any domestic routes. Non-Chilean airlines are permitted to provide domestic air service between destinations in Chile, provided that the country in which the foreign airline is based grants a reciprocal right to Chilean airlines. There are no regulatory barriers, however, that would prevent a foreign airline from creating a Chilean subsidiary and entering the Chilean domestic market using that subsidiary.

 

International Routes. As an airline providing services on international routes, Lan Airlines is also subject to a variety of bilateral civil air transport agreements that provide for the exchange of air traffic rights between Chile and various other countries. There can be no assurance that existing bilateral agreements between Chile and foreign governments will continue, and a modification, suspension or revocation of one or more bilateral treaties could have a material adverse effect on our operations and financial results.

 

International route rights, as well as the corresponding landing rights, are derived from a variety of air transport agreements negotiated between Chile and foreign governments. Under such agreements, the government of one country grants another government the right to designate one or more of its domestic airlines to operate scheduled services between certain destinations in that country. In Chile, when additional route frequencies to and from foreign cities become available, any eligible airline may apply to obtain them. If there is more than one applicant for a route frequency the JAC awards it through a public auction for a period of five years. The JAC grants route frequencies subject to the condition that recipient airline operate them on a permanent basis. If an airline fails to operate a route for a period of six months or more, the JAC may terminate its rights to that route. International route frequencies are freely transferable. In the past, we have generally paid only nominal amounts for international route frequencies obtained in uncontested auctions. We made no material payments for international routes during 2004.

 

Air Fare Pricing Policy. Chilean airlines are permitted to establish their own domestic and international fares without government regulation, as long as they do not abuse any dominant market position they may enjoy. For more information, see “—Antitrust Regulation” below. Airlines may file complaints before the Antitrust Commission with respect to monopolistic or other pricing practices by other airlines that violate Chile’s antitrust laws. In 1997, the Antitrust Commission approved and imposed a specific self-regulatory fare plan for our domestic operations consistent with the Antitrust Commission’s directive to maintain a competitive environment. According to this plan, we must file notice with the JAC of any increase or decrease in standard fares on routes deemed “non-competitive” by the JAC and any decrease in fares on “competitive” routes at least twenty days in advance. We must file notice with the JAC of any increase in fares on “competitive” routes at least ten days in advance. In addition, the Chilean authorities now require that we justify any modification that we make to our fares on non-competitive routes. We must also ensure that our average yields on a non-competitive route are not higher than those on competitive routes of similar distance. As of March 31, 2005, 66% of the domestic routes that we operate had been classified as “non-competitive” and were subject to the requirements described above.

 

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Registration of Aircraft. Aircraft registration in Chile is governed by the Chilean Aeronautical Code. In order to register or continue to be registered in Chile, an aircraft must be wholly-owned by either:

 

    a natural person who is a Chilean citizen; or

 

    a legal entity incorporated in and having its domicile and principal place of business in Chile and a majority of the capital stock of which is owned by Chilean nationals.

 

The Aeronautical Code expressly allows the DGAC to permit registration of aircraft belonging to non-Chilean individuals or entities with a permanent place of business in Chile. Aircraft owned by non-Chileans, but operated by Chileans or by an airline which is affiliated with a Chilean aviation entity, may also be registered in Chile. Registration of any aircraft can be cancelled if it is not in compliance with the requirements for registration and, in particular, if:

 

    the ownership requirements are not met; or

 

    the aircraft does not comply with any applicable safety requirements specified by the DGAC.

 

Safety. The DGAC requires that all aircraft operated by Chilean airlines be registered either with the DGAC or with an equivalent supervisory body in a country other than Chile, so long as that country is a member of the Warsaw Convention. All aircraft must have a valid certificate of airworthiness issued by either the DGAC or an equivalent non-Chilean supervisory entity. In addition, the DGAC will not issue maintenance permits to a Chilean airline until the DGAC has assessed the airline’s maintenance capabilities. The DGAC renews maintenance permits annually, and has approved our maintenance operations. Only DGAC-certified maintenance facilities or facilities certified by an equivalent non-Chilean supervisory body in the country where the aircraft is registered may maintain and repair the aircraft operated by Chilean airlines. Aircraft maintenance personnel at such facilities must also be certified either by the DGAC or an equivalent non-Chilean supervisory body before assuming any aircraft maintenance positions.

 

Security. The DGAC establishes and supervises the implementation of security standards and regulations for the Chilean commercial aviation industry. Such standards and regulations are based on standards developed by international commercial aviation organizations. Each airline and airport in Chile must submit an aviation security handbook to the DGAC describing its security procedures for the day-to-day operations of commercial aviation and procedures for staff security training. Lan Airlines has submitted its aviation security handbook to the DGAC. Chilean airlines that operate international routes must also adopt security measures in accordance with the requirements of applicable bilateral international agreements.

 

Chilean Airport Policy. The DGAC supervises and manages airports in Chile, including the supervision of take-off and landing charges. The DGAC proposes airport charges, which are approved by the JAC and are the same at all airports. Since the mid-90s, a number of Chilean airports have been privatized, including the Arturo Merino Benítez International Airport in Santiago. At the privatized airports, the airport administration manages the facilities under the supervision of the DGAC and JAC.

 

Environmental and Noise Regulation. There are no material environmental regulations or controls imposed upon airlines, applicable to aircraft, or that otherwise affect us in Chile, except for environmental laws and regulations of general applicability. There is no noise restriction regulation currently applicable to aircraft in Chile. However, Chilean authorities are planning to pass a noise-related regulation governing aircraft that fly to and within Chile. The proposed regulation will require all such aircraft to comply with certain noise restrictions, referred to in the market as Stage 3 standards. The majority of LAN’s fleet already complies with the proposed restrictions.

 

Regional Aeronautical Regulation (Brazil, Ecuador, Mexico and Peru)

 

Our subsidiaries operate throughout the Latin American region under the routes granted by the relevant authorities in each jurisdiction where they are based.

 

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International Routes. Under Brazilian, Ecuadorian, Mexican and Peruvian laws, international route rights, as well as the corresponding landing rights, are granted under air transport agreements negotiated directly between the relevant home jurisdiction and foreign governments.

 

Domestic Routes. Under Brazilian, Chilean and Mexican regulations, domestic airlines are not required to obtain permits in connection with carrying passengers or cargo on any domestic routes. However, Peruvian law requires the consent of Peruvian authorities to fly a determined domestic route, and Ecuadorian law requires the airline to obtain a specific concession to fly domestically.

 

U.S. Aeronautical Regulation

 

General. Flight operations between Chile and the United States by airlines licensed by either country are governed generally by the open skies air transport agreement that Chile and the United States signed in October 1997. Under the open skies agreement, there are no restrictions on the number of destinations or flights that either a U.S. or a Chilean airline may operate between the two countries or on the number of U.S. and Chilean airlines that may operate. Operations to the United States by non-U.S. airlines, such as Lan Airlines, are subject to Title 49 of the U.S. Code, under which the DOT and the FAA exercise regulatory authority. The U.S. Department of Justice also has jurisdiction over airline competition matters under the federal antitrust laws.

 

Authorizations and Licenses. The DOT has jurisdiction over international aviation with respect to the United States and related route authorities, subject to review by the President of the United States. The DOT also has jurisdiction with respect to unfair practices and methods of competition by airlines and related consumer protection matters. Lan Airlines is authorized by the DOT to engage in scheduled and charter air transportation services, including the transportation of persons, property (cargo) and mail, or combinations thereof, between points in Chile and points in the United States and beyond (via intermediate points in other countries). We hold the necessary authorizations from the DOT in the form of a foreign air carrier permit, an exemption authority and statements of authorization to conduct our current operations to and from the United States. Exemptions and statements of authorization are temporary in nature and are subject to renewal and therefore there can be no assurance that any particular exemption or statement of authorization will be renewed. Our foreign air carrier permit has no expiration date, while our exemption authority (which includes the open skies traffic rights) will need to be renewed on November 26, 2005. We plan to amend our foreign air carrier permit prior to this date to include the open skies rights, however, which would eliminate our need to renew the exemption authority.

 

In the United States, we are subject to the FAA’s regulation with respect to safety matters, including aircraft maintenance and operations, equipment, aircraft noise, ground facilities, dispatch, communications, personnel, training, weather observation and other matters affecting air safety. The FAA requires each foreign air carrier to obtain certain operations specifications that authorize it to operate to particular airports on approved international routes using specified equipment. Lan Airlines currently holds FAA operations specifications under Part 129 of the Federal Aviation Regulations. We believe that we are in compliance in all material respects with all requirements necessary to maintain in good standing our operations specifications issued by the FAA. The FAA can amend, suspend, revoke or terminate those specifications, or can suspend temporarily or revoke permanently our authority if we fail to comply with the regulations, and can assess civil penalties for such failure. A modification, suspension or revocation of any of our DOT authorizations or FAA operations specifications could have a material adverse effect on our business.

 

The FAA also conducts safety audits and has the power to impose fines and other sanctions for violations of airline safety regulations. We have not incurred any material fines related to operations.

 

Security. On November 19, 2001, Congress passed, and the President signed into law, the Aviation and Transportation Security Act, also referred to as the Aviation Security Act. This law federalized substantially all aspects of civil aviation security and created the Transportation Security Administration, or TSA, which took over security responsibilities previously held by the FAA. The TSA is an agency of the U.S. Department of Homeland Security. The Aviation Security Act requires, among other things, the implementation of certain security measures by airlines and airports, such as the requirement that all passenger bags be screened for explosives. Funding for

 

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airline and airport security required under the Aviation Security Act is provided in part by a US$2.50 per segment passenger security fee, subject to a US$10 per roundtrip cap; however, airlines are responsible for costs in excess of this fee. Implementation of the requirements of the Aviation Security Act has resulted in increased costs for airlines and their passengers. Since the events of September 11, 2001, Congress has mandated and the TSA has implemented numerous security procedures and requirements that have imposed and will continue to impose burdens on airlines, passengers and shippers.

 

Noise Restrictions. Under the Airport Noise and Capacity Act of 1990, or ANCA, and related FAA regulations, aircraft that fly to the United States must comply with certain Stage 3 noise restrictions, which are currently the most stringent FAA noise requirements. All of our aircraft that fly to the United States meet the Stage 3 requirements.

 

Under the direction of the ICAO, governments are considering the creation of a new and more stringent noise standard than that contained in the ANCA. The ICAO adopted new noise standards in 2001 that established more stringent noise requirements for aircraft manufactured after January 1, 2006. In the U.S., legislation known as the “Vision 100 – Century of Aviation Reauthorization Act”, which was signed into law in December 2003, requires the FAA, by April 1, 2005, to issue regulations implementing Stage 4 noise standards consistent with recommendations adopted by the ICAO. In December 2003, the FAA issued a proposed rule that would implement such standards.

 

FAA regulations also require compliance with the Traffic Alert and Collision Avoidance System, approved airborne windshear warning system and aging aircraft regulations. Our fleet meets these requirements.

 

Airport Slot Restrictions. Four U.S. airports - Chicago O’Hare, LaGuardia (New York), John F. Kennedy International (New York) and Reagan National (Washington, D.C.) - have been designated by the FAA as “high density traffic airports”. Operations at these airports are or have been subject to slot restrictions during certain periods of the day. A “slot” is an authorization to take off or land at a designated airport within a specified time window. Legislation passed in March 2000 resulted in the elimination of slot restrictions at Chicago O’Hare on July 1, 2002 and at LaGuardia and Kennedy International on January 1, 2007. Of these airports, LAN currently operates only to JFK. In the past, we have generally been successful in obtaining the slots we need to conduct our planned operations at JFK. However, slots are requested by carriers and allocated by the FAA on a seasonal basis, and there can be no assurance that we will be able to obtain all requested slots in the future because, among other factors, government policies regulating the distribution of slots are subject to change.

 

Proposed Laws and Regulations. Additional U.S. laws and regulations have been proposed from time to time that could significantly increase the cost of airline operations by imposing additional requirements or restrictions on airline companies. Laws and regulations have been considered from time to time that would prohibit or restrict the ownership and transfer of airline routes or slots. There can be no assurance that laws and regulations currently enacted or enacted in the future will not adversely affect our ability to maintain our current level of operating results.

 

Regulatory Authorizations in Connection with Strategic Alliances

 

The alliance between Lan Airlines and American Airlines includes three major components: a frequent flyer agreement, a reciprocal code-share agreement and the coordination of pricing, scheduling and other functions. The last two of these items required the approval of regulatory authorities in both Chile and the United States. With respect to the code-share agreement, the open skies agreement between Chile and the United States expressly permits code-sharing operations by U.S. and Chilean airlines. With regard to the coordination of pricing and scheduling, Lan Airlines and American Airlines filed a joint application with the DOT in December 1997, requesting approval of their alliance agreement and immunity from the application of all U.S. antitrust laws pursuant to Title 49 of the U.S. Code. Lan Airlines and American Airlines received approval and antitrust immunity from the DOT in September 1999, and implemented the code-share agreement in October 1999. In accordance with the terms of the DOT’s 1999 approval, Lan Airlines and American Airlines were required to resubmit their alliance agreement to the DOT for review within three years after the DOT’s grant of approval. Lan Airlines and American Airlines resubmitted

 

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the agreement in September 2002 and did not receive any comments from the DOT. The approval and antitrust immunity remain in effect, and there is no further obligation to submit the agreement to the DOT for review.

 

Antitrust Regulation

 

The Chilean antitrust authority, which we refer to as the Antitrust Court (previously the Antitrust Commission), oversees antitrust matters, which are governed by Decree Law No. 211 of 1973, as amended, or the Antitrust Law. The Antitrust Law prohibits any entity from preventing, restricting or distorting competition in any market or any part of any market. Chilean competition law also prohibits any business or businesses that have a dominant position in any market or a substantial part of any market from abusing that dominant position. An aggrieved person may sue for damages arising from a breach of Antitrust Law and/or file a complaint with the Antitrust Court requesting an order to enjoin the violation of the Antitrust Law. The Antitrust Court has the authority to impose a variety of sanctions for violations of the Antitrust Law, including termination of contracts contrary to the Antitrust Law, dissolution of a company and imposition of fines and daily penalties on businesses. Courts may award damages and other remedies (such as an injunction) in appropriate circumstances. Lan Airlines, TASA and Lan Cargo must comply with Chilean competition law that prohibits a carrier from abusing a dominant position in the market. As described above under “—Route Rights—Air Fare Pricing Policy”, in October 1997, the Antitrust Commission approved a specific self-regulatory fare plan for us consistent with the Antitrust Commission’s directive to maintain a competitive environment within the domestic market and, in 2001, imposed a new obligation on us to justify any modification that we make to our fares.

 

At the request of the Antitrust Commission, an investigating attorney was appointed to review our self-regulatory fare plan that has been in effect since 1997. The resulting report delivered to us in 2003 by the attorney was generally favorable as to our fulfillment of our obligations under the self-regulatory fare plan, and did not find any anticompetitive behavior. While the attorney recommended that we separate our domestic cargo and domestic passenger businesses, this recommendation is neither binding on the Antitrust Commission nor on us.

 

On January 30, 2004, the Antitrust Commission imposed a fine of 500 Unidades Tributarias Mensuales (equal to approximately US$25,000) on each of Lan Airlines and LanExpress for minor breaches of the self-regulatory fare plan to which they are subject. The Company had argued that such breaches were mainly caused by the impossibility of maintaining the fare plan. Other entities also submitted amendment proposals. The Antitrust Court on amendments to the self-regulatory fare plan are still pending.

 

Property

 

Headquarters

 

Our main facilities are located on approximately five acres of land near Arturo Merino Benítez International Airport. The complex includes approximately 150,695 square feet of office space, 32,292 square feet of conference space and training facilities, 9,688 square feet of dining facilities and simulated cabins used for crew instruction. In 2004, we adapted part of this building to meet our expanding training needs, which include rooms for technical instruction, in-flight and airport services.

 

During the fourth quarter of 2003, we moved some of our executive offices into a new building in a more central location in Santiago, where we initially occupied a total of four floors. In the first half of 2005 we added three more floors to accommodate our growth requirements.

 

Maintenance Base

 

Our 877,258-square foot maintenance base is located on a site that we own inside the grounds of Arturo Merino Benítez International Airport. This facility contains our aircraft hangar, warehouses, workshops and offices, as well as a 559,723 square foot aircraft parking area capable of accommodating 17 Boeing 737 aircraft. We have a five floor, 53,820 square foot office building plus a 10,000 square foot office and workshop space. This facility is certified by the FAA and, as such, we are permitted to perform maintenance work for third parties at the facility. The FAA periodically inspects the facility to ensure its compliance with FAA standards. In 2005, we finalized the

 

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construction of an additional hangar, as well as 75,000 square feet of aircraft parking space, for US$2.1 million. We also lease from the DGAC 193,750 square feet of space inside the Arturo Merino Benítez International Airport for operational and service purposes.

 

Miami Facilities

 

We occupy a 36.3 acre site at the Miami International Airport that has been leased to us by the airport under a concession agreement. Our facilities include a US$65 million, 48,000 square foot corporate building, a 378,000 square foot cargo warehouse and a 783,000 square foot platform for aircraft parking on the site, which were constructed and are now leased to us under a long-term contract by a North American developer. We began using these new facilities in September 2001 for our passenger and cargo offices (with the exception of our reservations and ticket offices). We converted 21,528 square feet of the warehouse into fully furbished offices during 2004.

 

Other Facilities

 

We own a building and 16 acres of land on the west side of Arturo Merino Benítez International Airport that houses a flight-training center. As of May 2005, this flight-training center had two simulator bays, and a third was under construction. We rent this flight-training center under a long-term lease to CAE Inc. (a leading Canadian company in the flight training business).

 

We own a 661,980-square foot warehouse in Santiago, which includes 91,493 square feet of space for offices and other administrative facilities and 45,000 square foot distribution center. We use this facility to support LanCourier’s door-to-door cargo transport business.

 

Terminal de Exportación Internacional, or TEISA, one of our subsidiaries owns a 97,000 square-foot facility that includes a large freezer capacity for the maintenance of perishable exports at optimal conditions located at the Arturo Merino Benítez International Airport.

 

In 2004, Fast Air Almacenes de Carga S.A., or Fast Air, one of our subsidiaries, began utilizing its new import warehouse and office building at the Arturo Merino Benítez International Airport. This new 172,000 square feet building was developed in conjunction with two other operators.

 

ITEM 5. OPERATING AND FINANCIAL REVIEW AND PROSPECTS

 

You should read the following discussion of our financial condition and results of operations together with our audited consolidated financial statements and the accompanying notes beginning on page F-8 of this annual report.

 

Our financial statements have been prepared in accordance with Chilean GAAP, which differs in certain respects from U.S. GAAP. A discussion of the principal differences between Chilean GAAP and U.S. GAAP as they relate to us is described in Note 25 to our audited consolidated financial statements.

 

Overview

 

The principal and most distinctive aspect of our business model is the way in which we integrate our passenger and cargo activities. Our sophisticated service-oriented approach to combining passenger and cargo traffic enables us to better utilize our aircraft, reduce our break-even load factors on passenger flights, and diversify our revenue streams. These benefits have helped us improve our profitability during the period between 2002 and 2004, when the airline industry suffered from various demand shocks, as well as significant cost pressures.

 

The majority of our revenues are generated by our air transport activities. We generate the balance of our operating revenues from airport ground services, aircraft leases, logistics and courier services, on-board sales, tour services, third-party maintenance, ground handling, storage, charter operations, credit card co-branding, CRS services and airline-related security services.

 

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Between 2002 and 2004 we overcame significant challenges in the form of demand shocks, increased competition, and external cost pressures. During the first half of this period, demand was negatively affected by the fallout of terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001 in the United States, as well as by the political and economic crisis in Argentina and poor economic performance in other key markets, particularly Chile. Cargo demand was negatively affected during 2002 and 2003 by soft economic conditions, including weaker local currencies, which reduced South America’s demand for imports. Furthermore, we faced increased competition on our international passenger and cargo routes from 2002 until mid-2003, as well as a gradual increase since mid-2004. External factors have also generated significant costs pressures. Security and insurance costs increased after September 11, 2001, while fuel prices have risen consistently since 2002 and reached record levels in 2004.

 

Despite these challenges we were able to increase profitability significantly, with net income increasing to US$163.6 million in 2004 from US$83.6 million in 2003. Operating income also increased to US$172.1 million from US$111.9 million in 2003. Net and operating income for 2004 are the highest for a full year in our history. These results can be attributed to our ability to rapidly adapt our route network and capacity to market conditions, leverage opportunities to expand our revenue base and reduce costs.

 

Passenger Business

 

In general, our passenger revenues are driven by international and country-specific political and economic conditions, competition activity, the attractiveness of the destinations that we serve, and the capacity we allocate among our different routes.

 

Overall demand has changed significantly in the last three years, recovering from the major shocks it endured during 2002. These included the revenue shortfalls generated by the September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks in the United States and the war in Iraq. The devaluation of the Argentine peso in 2002 was another major shock due to our dependence upon Argentine customers who connect to our long-haul routes out of Chile. Demand was also impacted during 2002 and the first half of 2003 by the depreciation of the Chilean peso, which not only reduced international outbound demand from Chile, but also had a negative impact on our domestic yields in dollar terms. Demand showed signs of recovery, although from very weak levels, during the second half of 2003 and the full year 2004, primarily in Chile and Argentina, due to improving economic performance and the appreciation of local currencies. However, despite this recovery, demand has not yet reached pre-crisis levels. Increased interest in travel into South America from Europe and the United States has been another factor positively impacting overall passenger traffic.

 

The competition we faced on both our domestic and international passenger routes also varied over the last several years. Between 2002 and 2004, new competition entered the Chilean domestic market and our total domestic traffic and market share were adversely affected. On our international routes, competition increased during 2002, but declined during 2003, primarily as some competitors discontinued or downsized their operations. During 2004, competition gradually increased as both incumbent and new competitors expanded their operations.

 

We were able to overcome these challenges and exploit opportunities by leveraging our competitive advantages such as our business model, efficient cost structure, high service standards, and healthy financial position. Our integrated business model and the efficiency of our operations enabled us to sustain our operations even as we faced weak demand or low pricing. Our ability to deal with these challenges ultimately led to market share gains as other competitors had to reduce their operations.

 

Additionally, we took advantage of our flexibility to adapt capacity quickly in response to demand shocks or market opportunities. We actively manage our capacity by transferring capacity between routes or adding new aircraft when necessary. During most of 2002, we operated a reduced number of frequencies on our operations from Chile to Argentina, the United States and Europe, and used our alliances to provide passengers with additional options. We used aircraft that became available after the global aviation industry scaled back capacity during late 2001 and early 2002 to reinforce our presence in the Peruvian and Ecuadorian international markets, as well as to start service to New Zealand and Australia. As market conditions improved, we increased capacity from Chile to the United States and Europe. The creation of LanEcuador in 2003 helped us to further expand our footprint and optimize our route network. We also closely monitored demand and increased our operations to Argentina as we noted improvements in travel demand to Argentina as a result of the depreciation of the Argentine peso. In 2004,

 

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we took advantage of our flexible capacity when we rapidly expanded our domestic operations in Peru in response to competitive changes.

 

We have also advanced on our plan to enhance our regional network by selectively adding new destinations and launching new routes. Beginning in 2004, we have been developing an intra-regional hub in Lima. We have launched several routes that enable us to effectively use Lima as a connecting point for passengers traveling between Mexico City, Bogota, Caracas, Guayaquil, Quito, Buenos Aires and Santiago de Chile. We plan to continue growing our operation in Lima by increasing the number of flights we operate on these routes and also adding new destinations. These new operations strengthen our position as an alternative for intra-regional travel, enhancing revenue generation potential while allowing us to further leverage our existing commercial network and by improving our aircraft utilization.

 

Cargo Business

 

During the past three years, our cargo business has also faced a volatile environment, with significant challenges being followed by a recovery in demand and an improved competitive environment. Our cargo business depends on exports from and imports to South America and is, therefore, affected by economic conditions, foreign exchange rates, changes in international trade, the health of particular industries, competition and fuel prices (which we usually pass on to our customers through a cargo fuel surcharge). The weakening of our main import markets due to the crisis in Argentina and the subsequent devaluation of the Argentine peso, together with the weakening of the Chilean peso and the Brazilian real, generated a fall in southbound cargo demand and an imbalance with northbound demand in 2002. This caused a decline in traffic and created downward pressure on the rates we charge for carrying cargo from the U.S. to Latin America. We faced increased competition during this period, which reduced yields further and impacted our market share. In 2003, problems affecting salmon production, one the most important products we carry on our northbound routes, temporarily reduced cargo traffic. Since the second half of 2003, southbound demand recovered due to the improvement in economic conditions in Latin America and the appreciation of currencies such as the Brazilian real and the Chilean peso. These changes led to improved import traffic into the region during 2004 and helped to balance out import and export traffic flows. Additionally, several cargo airlines reduced their operations in the region in late 2003, leading to a temporary improvement in competitive conditions until, several competitors also increased capacity during the second half of 2004.

 

We responded to these changing conditions in several ways. We closely monitored demand and redesigned our freighter itineraries accordingly. The flexibility of our freighter operations enabled us to accommodate lower demand and avoid unprofitable routes by combining service to several destinations in the same trip. We adjusted our capacity through the return of wet-leased freighter aircraft in order to avoid idle capacity during periods of low demand. Our expanded route network led to increased diversification and helped us, by allowing us to shift capacity across routes, to partially compensate for falls in traffic to specific markets. Our cost-effective operations and operating network also gave us a competitive advantage that allowed us to increase market share as other competitors reduced the scale of their operations, which were further benefited by our integrated business model and the utilization of our Boeing 767-300 freighters.

 

Overall, these adjustments enabled us to endure a complicated environment and ultimately led to an improved market position. More importantly, these advances placed us in an excellent position to take advantage of the recovery in demand that started at the end of 2003 and continued during 2004. In order to respond to improving conditions, we increased capacity by utilizing available space in passenger aircraft and incorporating additional wet-leased aircraft. This enabled us to maintain or expand key market share. Furthermore, during 2004 we leveraged our competitive advantages to expand our presence in northbound markets that had not previously displayed significant airfreight export volumes, such as Brazil and Argentina.

 

Cost Structure

 

Cost controls were critical to maintaining our profitability over the period from 2002 to 2004, especially as we faced increased fuel prices and insurance and security costs following September 11, 2001. In absolute terms, the main drivers of our costs are the size of our operations, fuel prices, fleet costs, and exchange rates.

 

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As an airline, we are subject to fluctuations in costs that are outside our control, particularly fuel prices. However, we manage part of our exposure to changes in fuel prices through a fuel-hedging policy and the use of a cargo fuel surcharge. Additionally, the incorporation of newer aircraft has enabled us to gradually reduce fuel burn. Personnel expenses are another significant component of our overall costs. Because a significant portion of our labor costs is denominated in pesos, appreciation of the peso against the dollar can result in increased costs in dollar terms and can negatively affect our results. Commissions to travel and cargo agents also compose a significant cost to us. We compete with other airlines over the amount of commission we pay per sale, particularly in connection with special programs and marketing efforts, and to maintain competitive incentives with travel agents. The amount of commissions we pay agents per sale is in most cases adjusted to match industry standards. Fleet related expenses, basically aircraft rentals and depreciation, are another significant cost. These costs are mainly fixed and we have succeeded in reducing per unit costs by achieving high aircraft utilization rates.

 

Fuel prices rose consistently between 2002 and 2004 generating significant cost pressure. Average prices between 2002 and 2004 increased 61% and led to approximately US$157.0 million additional expenses for the period. As a consequence, higher fuel cost accounted for almost 70% of the 14.2% rise in cost per ATK (a key industry metric) between 2002 and 2004. Please refer to “GAAP/Non-GAAP Reconciliation” for further details regarding Cost per ATK.

 

Fuel-normalized cost-per ATK increased 4.4% between 2002 and 2004 (using 2002’s average fuel price as a benchmark). The main causes for this were accelerated capacity growth and the even faster paced expansion of traffic and sales volumes. Specifically, the expansion of our operations required the anticipated incorporation and training of new personnel. These increases in headcount, combined with the appreciation of the Chilean peso during the second half of 2003 and 2004, drove increases in wages and benefits and training costs in excess of capacity growth. Commissions, distribution costs, and passenger services were similarly impacted by revenue and traffic growth.

 

Our cost structure remained highly competitive due to careful cost management and more efficient asset utilization. For example, we partially offset these cost increases by negotiating important reductions in aircraft leasing costs and increasing our aircraft utilization rates. For example, we took advantage of market conditions to renegotiate several aircraft lease contracts. The resulting amendments to the lease agreements led to two main sources of cost reductions: (a) a reduction in the lease rates; and (b) an adjustment in maintenance provisions due to lower required return maintenance conditions and extended redelivery dates of the leased aircrafts. Reduction in aircraft rents as a result of the amendments totaled $10 million in 2003, approximately US$10 million in 2004 and will be an estimated US$5 million in 2005. As a result of the change in the required return conditions of the leased aircraft upon the expiration of their lease term and the extension of the lease term, we adjusted our maintenance provisions by approximately US$5 million in 2003. Further negotiations led to a US$1.9 million adjustment in maintenance provisions for 2004.

 

Higher aircraft utilization has been another source of improved efficiency. In 2003 and 2004, our long-haul passenger and cargo aircraft were used, on average, more than 15 hours per day. Our utilization strategy in 2004 was designed in concert with the addition of new routes to our network, which enabled us to leverage our human and physical assets for increased efficiency.

 

Outlook

 

Our long-term strategy is aimed at consolidating LAN as the main passenger and cargo airline in South America. We will continue to expand our network by further developing our existing routes, adding new destinations, developing new alliances, and entering new markets. We expect our new brand and a continuous effort to improve service standards to drive increased customer preference; ultimately leading to strong market shares in the markets we serve. We plan to maintain a highly competitive cost structure by leveraging our cost-conscious culture and by identifying and implementing adequate cost-reduction initiatives. We believe a focus on flexibility will enable us to adequately react to changing market conditions. Finally, a healthy financial structure will allow us to effectively fund our growth, enhance our strategic development and reinforce our customer appeal.

 

For the short term, our results will be mainly determined by the expansion of our current network, the evolution of our share in our main markets, success in the entrance to new markets, and fuel price levels. We plan to

 

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increase frequencies on long-haul flights out of Chile, Peru and Ecuador, and eventually add new destinations in the United States and Europe. We will expand our operations from, to and inside Argentina by growing our new venture, LanArgentina, which initiated service in June 2005. We will also seek to enter into new alliances in both the passenger and cargo business, especially to build up our presence in Asian markets. Competitive activity in key markets increased gradually during 2004, and we expect it to continue doing so in the future. However, we expect to maintain solid shares of these markets based on offering attractive value propositions that combine broad international and domestic networks, and a strong customer focus. Our financial performance will also be highly dependent on the evolution of jet fuel prices, which have risen significantly in recent months and have led to a sharp rise in our fuel expenditures. Although we have devised and implemented a number of strategies to mitigate this impact, including financial hedging and the use of fuel surcharges, it is impossible for us to predict if we will be able to fully protect ourselves against an increase in fuel costs. We also plan to continue working on various projects aimed at further streamlining our cost structure, reducing commercial costs and leveraging opportunities to better utilize our aircraft. We believe our competitive advantages will enable us to address future challenges and take advantage of new opportunities to grow our business, either by expanding our current route network or by entering new markets as we recently did in Argentina.

 

Operating Results

 

The following table sets forth certain income statement data for LAN Airlines.

 

     In US$ millions

   

As a percentage of

total revenues


    % change

 
     2002

    2003

    2004

    2002

    2003

    2004

    03/02

    04/03

 

Operating revenues:

                                                      

Passenger

   $ 803.7     $ 918.4     $ 1,169.0     55.3 %   56.0 %   55.9 %   14.3 %   27.3 %

Cargo

     520.8       602.0       799.7     35.9     36.7     38.2     15.6     32.8  

Other

     127.9       118.4       124.2     8.8     7.2     5.9     (7.5 )   4.9  
    


 


 


 

 

 

 

 

Total operating revenues

     1,452.4       1,638.8       2,092.9     100.0     100.0     100.0     12.8     27.7  

Operating expenses:

                                                      

Wages and benefits

     215.3       240.9       292.8     14.8     14.7     14.0     11.9     21.5  

Aircraft fuel

     205.5       259.6       414.5     14.2     15.8     19.8     26.3     59.7  

Commissions to agents

     192.7       224.0       291.7     13.3     13.7     13.9     16.2     30.2  

Depreciation and amortization

     67.8       72.6       77.4     4.7     4.4     3.7     7.1     6.6  

Other rentals and landing fees

     228.7       258.5       287.8     15.7     15.8     13.8     13.0     11.4  

Passenger services

     32.3       36.2       45.0     2.2     2.2     2.1     12.1     24.3  

Aircraft rentals

     159.8       139.1       132.4     11.0     8.5     6.3     (12.9 )   (4.8 )

Aircraft maintenance

     95.1       97.9       120.8     6.6     6.0     5.8     2.9     23.5  

Other operating expenses

     193.1       198.3       258.3     13.3     12.1     12.3     2.7     30.3  
    


 


 


 

 

 

 

 

Total operating expenses

     1,390.4       1,527.1       1,920.8     95.7     93.2     91.8     9.8     25.8  
    


 


 


 

 

 

 

 

Operating income

     62.1       111.7       172.1     4.3     6.8     8.2     80.0     54.0  

Other expense:

                                                      

Interest income

     3.8       6.3       10.8     0.3     0.4     0.5     67.1     72.5  

Interest expense

     (40.8 )     (39.4 )     (36.5 )   (2.8 )   (2.4 )   (1.7 )   (3.5 )   (7.3 )

Miscellaneous-net

     13.2       24.1       45.2     0.9     1.5     2.2     82.9     87.2  
    


 


 


 

 

 

 

 

Total other expense

     (23.8 )     (9.0 )     19.5     (1.6 )   (0.5 )   0.9     (62.4 )   (318.2 )

Income before minority interest

     38.2       102.8       191.6     2.6     6.3     9.2     168.7     86.5  

Minority interest

     (0.4 )     (0.9 )     0.2     (0.0 )   (0.1 )   0.0     100.5     (124.4 )
    


 


 


 

 

 

 

 

Income before income taxes

     37.8       101.9       191.8     2.6     6.2     9.2     169.5     88.3  

Income taxes

     (7.0 )     (18.3 )     (28.3 )   (0.5 )   (1.1 )   (1.4 )   161.8     54.3  
    


 


 


 

 

 

 

 

 

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Net income

   $ 30.8    $ 83.6    $ 163.6    2.1 %   5.1 %   7.8 %   171.2 %   95.7 %

 

2004 Compared with 2003

 

Net Income

 

Our net income increased 95.7% from US$83.6 million in 2003 to US$163.6 million in 2004. This increase is mainly due to a 54.0% improvement in operating income as compared to 2003 and the reversion from a non-operating loss in 2003 to a non-operating gain in 2004. Operating income improved as a 27.7% increase in operating revenues outpaced a 25.8% growth in operating expenses. Revenue growth reflected an improvement in demand from very low levels in both the passenger and cargo businesses, moderate competitive activity, a strong market position and the expansion of our route network. Operating costs grew in response to capacity growth, sales growth, and high fuel prices. Higher fuel prices, which rose significantly during the year, accounted for approximately US$108.9 million in additional expenses compared to 2003.

 

In 2004 we recorded a US$19.5 million non-operating gain compared to a US$9.0 million non-operating loss in 2003. This improvement reflected lower net interest expenses and higher gains on the miscellaneous item (as explained under “Non Operating Income (Expense)”) due to fuel hedging profits. Finally, income tax expense increased from US$18.3 million in 2003 to US$28.3 million in 2004 primarily because of increased taxable income.

 

Operating Revenues

 

Operating revenues in 2004 totaled US$2,092.9 million, a 27.7% increase over operating revenues of US$1,638.8 million in 2003.

 

Our consolidated passenger revenues grew 27.3% to US$1,169.0 million in 2004 from US$918.4 million in 2003, due to a 19.4% increase in passenger traffic and a 6.6% improvement in yield (from US¢7.25 to US¢7.73). Passenger traffic (as measured in RPKs) increased primarily because of improved demand in key points of sales, market share gains in the international routes and the Peruvian domestic market, capacity increases on long-haul operations to the United States, Europe and the South Pacific, and the launch of new regional routes. Passenger yields improved as a result of higher average fares due to improved segmentation, the positive impact of a stronger Chilean peso on fares denominated in Chilean pesos, shorter average trip lengths and fuel-related fare increases.

 

Domestic passenger revenues in Chile, which accounted for 21.3% of our total passenger revenues in 2004 and 23.2% in 2003, increased 16.8% to US$249.4 in 2004 from US$213.5 million in 2003. Domestic passenger traffic (as measured in RPKs) increased 4.4%, while passenger capacity (as measured in ASKs) decreased 1.6%, resulting in a 6.1 percentage point rise in load factor from 62.8% in 2003 to 66.6% in 2004. Domestic passenger yield improved 11.8% from US¢8.90 in 2003 to US¢9.95 in 2004, driven mainly by the appreciation of the Chilean Peso.

 

International passenger revenues, which accounted for 78.7% in 2004 and for 76.8% of passenger revenues in 2003, increased 30.5% to US$919.7 million in 2004 from US$704.9 million in 2003. International passenger traffic (as measured in RPKs) increased 22.9%, while passenger capacity (as measured in ASKs) increased 19.9%, resulting in a 1.8 percentage point improvement in load factor from 70.8% in 2003 to 72.6% in 2004. Total international passenger yield (based on RPKs) increased 6.3% to US¢7.29 in 2004 from US¢6.86 in 2003, driven by improved segmentation, fuel-price related fare increases and a reduction in average trip lengths (shorter trips have higher revenues per passenger-kilometer).

 

Cargo revenues grew 32.8%, to US$799.7 million in 2004 from US$602.0 million in 2003, as traffic increased 18.2% and yield increased 12.4% to US¢35.39 from US¢31.49. Revenue growth in cargo was driven by increased international revenues, which grew 33.4% to US$784.5 in 2004 from US$588.3 in 2003. Cargo traffic increased mainly due to improved market conditions (especially on southbound markets from the United States to South America), market share gains and penetration of previously under-exploited northbound markets. Cargo yields increased mainly due the application of cargo fuel surcharges and an improvement in fares.

 

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Other revenues rose 4.9% to US$124.2 million in 2004 from US$118.4 million in 2003 as increased revenues from activities such as aircraft leasing, on-board sales, and ground handling were partially offset lower logistics and third party maintenance revenues.

 

Operating Expenses

 

Operating expenses in 2004 totaled US$1,920.8 million, a 25.8% increase over 2003’s operating expenses of US$1,527.1 million. System capacity increased 15.8% between 2003 and 2004. Excluding the impact of higher fuel prices, which resulted in US$108.9 million of additional expenses compared to 2003, operating costs increased 18.7%. Unit costs (measured as operating costs and capital expenses minus other revenues, per ATK) increased 9.1% in 2004. Excluding the impact of higher fuel prices, unit costs grew 2.6%. As a percentage of total operating revenues, consolidated operating expenses fell from 93.2% to 91.8%.

 

Wages and benefits expenses grew 21.5% to US$292.8 million in 2004 from US$240.9 million in 2003, mainly due to the higher costs in dollar terms caused by the effect of a stronger Chilean peso on wages denominated in Chilean pesos, increases in headcount related to the expansion of our operations, and higher bonuses.

 

Aircraft fuel expenses in 2004 totaled US$414.5 million, a 59.7% increase over 2003’s aircraft fuel expenses of US$259.6 million. Fuel expenses rose due to a 35.6% increase in average fuel prices and a 17.8% increase in fuel consumption. To reflect our operational results more clearly, the gains and losses incurred due to fuel hedging activities are classified as a non-operating item.

 

Commissions to agents (related to both passenger and cargo sales) increased 30.2% to US$291.7 million in 2004 from US$224.0 million in 2003, primarily due to a 29.5% increase in traffic revenues. The remainder of the rise is explained by the faster growth in the cargo business impacting the revenue mix (average cargo commissions are higher than passenger commissions and cargo increased to 40.6% from 39.6% of traffic revenues as well as an increase in average cargo commissions fully offsetting lower passenger commissions (due to lower travel agent commissions and increased direct sales). As a percentage of traffic revenues (passenger and cargo), commissions to agents increased 0.1 percentage points from 14.7% to 14.8%.

 

Depreciation and amortization expenses increased 6.6% to US$77.4 million in 2004 from US$72.6 million in 2003. Depreciation and amortization increased mainly as new assets were placed into service. For further information on depreciation policies, refer to “Critical Accounting Policies” below, and Note 2 of our Financial Statements.

 

Other rental and landing fees increased 11.4% to US$287.8 million in 2004 from US$258.5 million in 2003. This increase resulted as increased operations led to increases in landing and overflight fees, handling costs, and increased ACMI lease expenses. These increases were partially offset by a reduction in insurance expenses and efficiency gains.

 

Passenger service expenses totaled US$45.0 million in 2004 and US$36.2 million in 2003. This represented a 24.3% increase associated with the 19.4% increase in passenger traffic, a relative increase in premium traffic, and the impact of the stronger Chilean peso on certain peso-denominated materials.

 

Aircraft rental expenses decreased 4.8%, to US$132.4 million in 2004 from US$139.1 million in 2003 primarily because of the effects of the renegotiation of aircraft leases completed in April 2003. This benefit was partially offset by the full year impact of the addition to our fleet of two Airbus A319 aircraft and one Boeing 767-300 aircraft in December 2003 as well as the addition of three Airbus A319 aircraft and four Boeing 767-300 aircraft during 2004.

 

Aircraft maintenance expenses increased 23.5%, from US$97.9 million in 2003 to US$120.8 million in 2004. Aircraft maintenance expenses increased due to increased operations and to the net effect of one-time reductions in expenses in 2003 and 2004. In 2003, we recorded one-time reductions in expenses for a total of US$5.0 million due to changes in the return conditions of leased aircraft, while in 2004 we recorded a US$1.9

 

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million one-time reduction in expenses due to additional changes in the return conditions of certain leased aircraft. Excluding these items, maintenance costs grew 19.3%.

 

Other operating expenses increased 30.3% to US$258.3 million in 2004 from US$198.3 million in 2003. Other operating expenses include sales-related expenses, training, communication, distribution and data processing costs, and banking and non-collectable account expenses. Other operating expenses increased in 2004 because of the expansion of operations and sales volumes, and increased training to support both our expansion in Peru and other growth projects.

 

Operating Income

 

Operating income increased 54.0%, to US$172.1 million in 2004 from US$111.7 million in 2003. Operating margins improved 1.4 percentage points from 6.8% in 2003 to 8.2% in 2004 as a 27.7% increase in total operating revenues outpaced a 25.8% increase in operating expenses. For the full year, revenues per ATK (passengers and cargo) grew 11.8% (from US¢33.50 to US¢37.45), as costs per ATK increased 9.1% (from US¢31.76 to US¢34.67).

 

Non-Operating Income (Expense)

 

Net non-operating income improved from a US$9.0 million loss in 2003 to a US$19.5 million gain in 2004. Interest income increased 72.5% to US$10.8 million from US$6.3 million because of higher cash balances. Interest expenses fell 7.3% to US$36.5 million in 2004 from US$39.4 million in 2003 due to lower interest rates and a reduction in average debt. Miscellaneous gains increased 87.2% to US$45.2 million in 2004 from US$24.1 million in 2003 as an improved fuel hedging gain (to US$46.5 million in 2004 from US$12.3 million in 2003) offset a lower foreign exchange gain (US$2.4 million in 2004 compared to US$12.1 million in 2003).

 

Income Taxes

 

Income tax expense increased to US$28.3 million in 2004 from US$18.3 million in 2003 as the impact of higher taxable income was offset by a US$5.7 million one-time reduction in expenses related to tax losses generated before December 1999. At that date, Chilean accounting standards changed to the deferred tax method and according to the rules governing this change, the use of previous tax losses would generate a credit to tax expenses in the period in which they are utilized. Excluding this adjustment, tax expenses increased from US$18.3 million to US$33.8 million as higher taxable income was partially offset by a 0.3 point decrease in the effective tax rate to 17.7%. For more information, see “—Critical Accounting Policies—Deferred Income Taxes” below and Note 13 to our audited consolidated financial statements.

 

2003 Compared with 2002

 

Net Income

 

Our net income increased 171.2% from US$30.8 million in 2002 to US$83.6 million in 2003. This increase is mainly due to a 80.0% improvement in operating income and a lower non-operating loss as compared to 2002. This improvement was achieved even as we continued to face weak demand in both the passenger and cargo businesses in the first part of the year, increased competition in the domestic passenger market, and high fuel prices. We were able to overcome these challenges by continuing to expand its operations in new markets, opening new routes, capitalizing on competitive opportunities in international markets, and controlling costs.

 

Non-operating losses in 2003 declined when compared to 2002 due to lower net interest expense and higher non-operating gains (as explained under “Non Operating Income (Expense)”). Finally, income tax expense increased from US$7.0 million tax in 2002 to US$18.3 million in 2003 due primarily to the increase in our taxable income.

 

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Operating Revenues

 

Operating revenues in 2003 totaled US$1,638.8 million, a 12.8% increase over operating revenues of US$1,452.4 million in 2002.

 

Our consolidated passenger revenues grew 14.3% to US$918.4 million in 2003 from US$803.7 million in 2002, due to a 13.7% increase in passenger traffic and a 0.5% improvement in yield (from US¢7.22 to US¢7.25). Passenger traffic (as measured in RPKs) increased primarily because of market share gains on the international business, the launch of new routes, growth into new markets (mainly related to LanEcuador’s launch of operations in April 2003), and an improvement in market conditions in the final months of the year. These items offset lower traffic in domestic routes due to increased competition. Passenger yields improved slightly as the impact of longer average trip lengths (longer trips feature lower revenues per kilometer) was offset by higher average fares due to improved segmentation and the positive impact of a stronger Chilean peso on fares denominated in Chilean pesos.

 

Our domestic passenger revenues in Chile, which accounted for 23.2% of passenger revenues in 2003 and for 27.8% in 2002, decreased 4.6% to US$213.5 million in 2003 from US$223.8 million in 2002. Domestic passenger traffic (as measured in RPKs) decreased 10.5%, while passenger capacity (as measured in ASKs) decreased 5.8%, resulting in a 3.3 percentage point drop in load factor from 66.1% in 2002 to 62.8% in 2003. Domestic passenger yield improved 6.6% from US¢8.35 in 2002 to US¢8.90 in 2003.

 

International passenger revenues, which accounted for 76.8% in 2003 and for 72.2% of passenger revenues in 2002, increased 21.6% to US$704.9 million in 2003 from US$579.9 million in 2002. International passenger traffic (as measured in RPKs) increased 21.4%, while passenger capacity (as measured in ASKs) increased 11.5%, resulting in a 5.8 percentage point improvement in load factor from 65.0% in 2002 to 70.8% in 2003. Total international passenger yield (based on RPKs) remained flat at US¢6.86.

 

Cargo revenues grew 15.6%, to US$602.0 million in 2003 from US$520.8 million in 2002, as traffic increased 4.3% and yield increased 10.9% to US¢31.49 from US¢28.40. Revenue growth in cargo was driven by increased international revenues, which grew 17.2% to US$588.3 in 2003 from US$502.0 in 2002. Overall, cargo traffic increased mainly due to market share gains and to an improvement in southbound traffic from the United States to South America in the second half of the year. Cargo yields increased mainly due to an improvement in fares and the application of a cargo fuel surcharge.

 

Other revenues declined 7.5% as lower sales from logistics affiliates and reduced aircraft leasing revenues were partially offset by increased on-board sales and ground handling revenues.

 

Operating Expenses

 

Operating expenses in 2003 totaled US$1,527.1 million, a 9.8% increase over 2002’s operating expenses of US$1,390.4 million. Excluding the impact of higher fuel prices, which resulted in US$40.9 million of additional expenses compared to 2002, operating costs increased 6.9%. Unit costs (measured as operating costs and capital expenses minus other revenues, per ATK) increased 4.7% in 2003. Excluding the impact of higher fuel prices, unit costs grew 1.7%. As a percentage of total operating revenues, consolidated operating expenses fell from 95.7% to 93.2%.

 

Wages and benefits expenses grew 11.9% to US$240.9 million in 2003 from US$215.3 million in 2002, mainly due to an increase in headcount related to the expansion of our operations and the higher costs in dollar terms caused by the effect of a stronger Chilean peso on wages denominated in Chilean pesos.

 

Aircraft fuel expenses in 2003 totaled US$259.6 million, a 26.3% increase over 2002’s aircraft fuel expenses of US$205.5 million. Fuel expenses rose due to a 18.7% increase in average fuel prices and a 6.4% increase in fuel consumption. To reflect our operational results more clearly, the gains and losses incurred due to fuel hedging activities have been reclassified into the “Other Income (Expense)” line of the “Other Income (Expense)” section of our financial statements.

 

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Commissions to agents (related to both passenger and cargo sales) increased 16.2% to US$224.0 million in 2003 from US$192.7 million in 2002, primarily due to a 14.8% increase in traffic revenues. The remainder of the increase is related to higher average cargo commissions, which fully offset lower passenger commissions (due to lower travel agent commissions and increased direct sales). As a percentage of traffic revenues (passenger and cargo), commissions to agents increased 0.2 percentage points from 14.5% to 14.7%.

 

Depreciation and amortization expenses increased 7.1% to US$72.6 million in 2003 from US$67.8 million in 2002. Depreciation and amortization increased mainly due to the full year impact of aircraft incorporated to our fleet in 2002.

 

Other rental and landing fees increased 13.0% to US$258.5 million in 2003 from US$228.7 million in 2002. This increase resulted from an increase in landing and overflight fees due increased operations and higher costs in some airports, higher handling expenses due to increased operations and an increase in ACMI leases to support growth in our cargo capacity. These increases were partially offset by a reduction in insurance expenses.

 

Passenger service expenses totaled US$36.2 million in 2003 and US$32.3 million in 2002. This 12.1% increase is lower than the 13.7% increase in passenger traffic, reflecting our focus on maintaining high service standards in a cost-effective manner.

 

Aircraft rental expenses decreased 12.9%, to US$139.1 million in 2003 from US$159.8 million in 2002 primarily due to the renegotiation of aircraft leases completed in April 2003, which led to a reduction in expenses of approximately US$15 million. Additionally, these expenses further declined as 12 aircraft we previously leased were either purchased or returned. These factors were partially offset by the full year impact of the incorporation of two Airbus A320 aircraft in December 2002 and the incorporation of two Airbus A319 aircraft and a Boeing 767-300 aircraft in December 2003.

 

Aircraft maintenance expenses increased 2.9%, from US$95.1 million in 2002 to US$97.9 million in 2003. Aircraft maintenance expenses increased due to increased operations and to the net effect of one-time reductions in expenses in 2002 and 2003. In 2002, we recorded one-time reductions in expenses for a total of US$3.6 million due to the return of leased aircraft and the phase-out of our DC-8 fleet, while in 2003 we recorded a US$5.0 million one-time reduction in expenses due to changes in the return conditions of leased aircraft. Excluding these items, maintenance costs grew 4.3%.

 

Other operating expenses increased 2.7% to US$198.3 million in 2003 from US$193.1 million in 2002. Other operating expenses include sales-related expenses, communication, distribution and data processing costs, and banking and non-collectable account expenses. Other operating expenses increased in 2003 as the impact of expanded operations and higher sales volumes was mostly offset by efficiency improvements.

 

Operating Income

 

Operating income increased 80.0%, to US$111.7 million in 2003 from US$62.1 million in 2002. Operating margins improved 2.5 percentage points from 4.3% in 2002 to 6.8% in 2003 as a 12.8% increase in operating revenues outpaced a 9.8% increase in operating expenses. For the full year, revenues per ATK (passengers and cargo) grew 8.3% (from US¢30.93 to US¢33.50), as costs per ATK increased 4.7% (from US¢30.35 to US¢31.76).

 

Non-Operating Income (Expense)

 

Net non-operating expenses declined 62.4% to US$9.0 million in 2003 from US$23.8 million in 2002. Non-operating results for 2003 included no special items. In 2002, net non-operating expenses included a US$23.6 million gain from finance-related items. Interest income increased 67.1% to US$6.3 million from US$3.8 million due higher cash balances. Interest expenses fell 3.5% to US$39.4 million in 2003 from US$40.8 million in 2002 due to lower interest rates and a reduction in average debt. Miscellaneous gains increased 82.9% to US$24.1 million in 2003 from US$13.2 million in 2002 as a US$12.3 million fuel hedging gain (compared to a US$5.5 million fuel hedging loss in 2002) and a US$12.1 million foreign exchange gain (compared to a US$4.7 million foreign exchange loss in 2002) fully offset the US$23.6 million special gain in 2002 mentioned above.

 

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Income Taxes

 

Income tax expense increased to US$18.3 million in 2003 from US$7.0 million in 2002 due to higher taxable income. For more information, see “—Critical Accounting Policies—Deferred Income Taxes” below and Note 13 to our audited consolidated financial statements. Our effective income tax rate fell 0.5 percentage points from 18.5% in 2002 to 18.0% in 2003 due to a higher percentage of our net income being generated in Chile.

 

U.S. Dollar Presentation and Price-Level Adjustments

 

LAN Airlines and most of our subsidiaries maintain their accounting records and prepare their financial statements in U.S. dollars. For purposes of preparing the audited consolidated financial statements, we translate monetary assets and liabilities denominated in currencies other than U.S. dollars to U.S. dollars at the exchange rate prevailing at the applicable balance sheet date, and we translate income statement accounts at the exchange rate prevailing on the dates on which the revenues and expenses were received, paid or accrued.

 

Chilean GAAP requires that financial statements prepared in Chilean pesos recognize the effects of inflation. Accordingly, unless we indicate otherwise, we have restated all financial information of our subsidiaries that maintain their accounts in Chilean pesos to eliminate the distorting effects of changes in inflation on non-monetary assets, liabilities and shareholders’ equity. We have then translated this financial information to U.S. dollars, as described above, for purposes of consolidating it into our audited consolidated financial statements. The general price-level gain or loss we record in the income statement under “Other Income (Expense)” indicates the effect of inflation on our subsidiaries’ net holdings of monetary assets and liabilities during a period of inflation. We consider assets and liabilities “monetary” for purposes of general price-level accounting if their amounts are fixed by contract or otherwise in terms of number of currency units, regardless of changes in specific prices or in the general price level. Examples of “monetary” assets and liabilities include accounts receivable, accounts payable and cash.

 

Effects of Exchange Rate Fluctuations

 

Our functional currency is the U.S. dollar in terms of the pricing of our products, composition of our balance sheet and effects on our results of operations. Most of our revenues (approximately 78% in 2004) are in U.S. dollars or in prices pegged to the U.S. dollar and a substantial portion of our expenses (approximately 73% in 2004) is denominated in dollars or pegged to the U.S. dollar, in particular fuel costs, landing and overflight fees, aircraft rentals, insurance and aircraft components and supplies. Almost all of our liabilities are denominated in U.S. dollars (approximately 95% in 2004), including bank loans, air traffic liabilities, and certain amounts payable to our suppliers. As of December 31, 2004, approximately 92% of our assets were denominated in U.S. dollars, principally aircraft, cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable and other fixed assets. Substantially all of our commitments, including operating leases and purchase commitments for aircraft, are denominated in U.S. dollars.

 

Although we generally maintain our international passenger fares and cargo prices in U.S. dollars or at prices pegged to the U.S. dollar, we are exposed to foreign exchange losses and gains due to exchange rate fluctuations. We recorded a net exchange loss of US$4.7 million in 2002, a net exchange gain of US$12.1 million in 2003, and a net exchange gain of US$2.4 million in 2004 which are set forth in our income statement under “Other Income (Expense)”. For more information, see Notes 2(e) and 20 to our audited consolidated financial statements. Our exchange losses in 2002 were primarily due to the depreciation of Latin American currencies, principally the Chilean peso and the Argentine peso, and the gains in 2003 and 2004 were associated with the appreciation of Latin American currencies, primarily that of the Chilean peso against the U.S. dollar.

 

GAAP/Non-GAAP Reconciliation

 

We use “Cost per ATK” and “Cost per ATK excluding fuel price variations” in analyzing operating costs on a per unit basis. “ATKs” (available ton kilometers) measure the number of tons of capacity available for the transportation of revenue load (passengers and/or cargo) multiplied by the kilometers flown. To obtain our unit costs, which is used by our management in the analysis of our results, we divide our ATK costs by our total ATKs. ATK costs are calculated by starting with operating costs as defined under Chilean GAAP and making certain

 

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adjustments for interest costs and other revenues. This costs component is further adjusted to obtain “costs per ATKs excluding fuel price variations”, in order to remove the impact of changes in fuel prices for the year. “Cost per ATK” and “Cost per ATK excluding fuel price variations” do not have a standardized meaning, and as such may not be comparable to similarly titled measures provided by other companies. They are not Chilean GAAP-based measures of performance or liquidity. These metrics should not be considered in isolation, or as a substitute for operating costs or as indicators of performance or cash flows as a measure of liquidity. The table below reconciles operating costs as defined by Chilean GAAP to costs used in the calculation of “Cost per ATK” and “Cost per ATK excluding fuel price variations”.

 

     2002

   2003

   2004

Cost per ATK

              

Operating cost (US$ thousands)

   1,390,371    1,527,083    1,920,845

+ Interest expenses (US$ thousands)

   40,758    39,350    36,459

- Interest income (US$ thousands)

   3,757    6,277    10,830

- Other revenues (US$ thousands)

   127,925    118,392    124,240
    
  
  

ATK operating costs

   1,299,447    1,441,764    1,822,234
    
  
  

Divided by systems ATKs (thousands)

   4,281,835    4,539,164    5,256,207

= Cost per ATK (US$ cents)

   30.35    31.76    34.67

Cost per ATK excluding fuel price variations

              

Cost per ATK (US$ cents)

   1,299,447    1,441,764    1,822,234

- Actual fuel expenses (US$ thousands)

   205,524    259,566    414,539

+ (Gallons consumed) times (previous year’s fuel price)

   222,929    218,662    305,686
    
  
  

ATK operating costs excluding fuel price variations

   1,316,853    1,400,862    1,713,381
    
  
  

Divided by systems ATKs (thousands)

   4,281,835    4,539,164    5,256,207

= Cost per ATK excluding fuel price variations (US$ cents)

   30.75    30.86    32.60

 

Seasonality

 

Our operating revenues are substantially dependent on overall passenger and cargo traffic volume, which is subject to seasonal and other changes in traffic patterns. Our passenger revenues are generally higher in the first and fourth quarters of each year, during the southern hemisphere’s spring and summer, than in the second and third quarters. Since Peru and Ecuador have different seasonal patterns, the expansion into those markets has led to stronger passenger revenues in the second and third quarters, therefore moderating the overall seasonality of our passenger business. Our cargo revenues generally are higher in the fourth quarter, which correspond to the harvest season in the southern hemisphere.

 

Critical Accounting Policies

 

A summary of our significant accounting policies is included in Note 2 to our audited consolidated financial statements, which are included elsewhere in this document. We believe that the consistent application of these policies enables us and our subsidiaries to provide readers of the financial statements with more useful and reliable information about our operating results and financial condition. The preparation of financial statements requires management to make certain estimates and assumptions. The following are the accounting policies that we believe are the most important to the portrayal of our financial condition and results of operations and require our most difficult, subjective or complex judgments.

 

Revenue Recognition

 

We recognize passenger revenue and related commissions, if any, when transportation is provided or when the ticket expires unused rather than when a ticket is sold. Unused nonrefundable tickets are considered expired one year from the date the ticket was sold, or for partially used tickets, one year after the date of the first flight.

 

The amount of passenger ticket sales not yet recognized as revenue is reflected as air traffic liability. Commissions related to such unearned revenue are shown net of the air traffic liability. Air traffic liability includes

 

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estimates of the amount of future refunds and exchanges, net of forfeitures for all unused tickets once the flight date has passed. We perform periodic evaluations of this estimated liability based on historical experiences. Any adjustments, which can be significant, are included in results of operations for the periods in which the evaluations are completed. These adjustments relate primarily to differences between our estimation of certain revenue transactions and the related sales price, as well as refunds, exchange and other items for which final settlement occurs in periods subsequent to the sale of the related tickets at amounts other than the original sales price.

 

Events and circumstances outside of historical fare sale activity or historical customer travel patterns can result in actual refunds, exchanges or forfeited tickets differing significantly from estimates. We evaluate our estimates periodically. If actual refunds, exchanges or forfeitures fall outside of this range, we review our estimates and assumptions and adjust “Air traffic liability” and “Passenger revenue” as necessary. Our estimation techniques have been consistently applied from year to year; however, as with any estimates, actual refund and exchange activity may vary from estimated amounts. Furthermore, we believe it is unlikely that materially different estimates for future refunds, exchanges and forfeited tickets would be reported.

 

Property and Equipment

 

The key judgments we must make under the property and equipment policy include the estimation of the useful lives of our various asset types, expected residual values, the election to utilize primarily the straight-line method for recording depreciation, management’s judgment regarding appropriate capitalization or expensing of costs related to fixed assets, and our determination that no impairment exists.

 

Property and equipment are stated at cost and are depreciated by the straight-line method based on the estimated useful lives of the assets. In estimating the lives and expected residual values of our aircraft, we have primarily relied upon actual experience with the same or similar aircraft types and recommendations from the manufacturers of the aircraft we operate. Aircraft estimated useful lives are based on the number of “hours” flown and “cycles” flown (a “cycle” is one take-off and landing). We have made a conversion into years based on both our historical and anticipated future utilization of the aircraft.

 

In January 2003, the Company decided to change the method it uses to depreciate aircraft and engines to more accurately reflect the expenses and to better match the depreciation expense with the benefits received from the use of these assets (see Note 2 to our audited consolidated financial statements). The effect of this change on net income for 2004 and 2003 was not significant, and we do not expect this to have a material impact on our future results.” Subsequent revisions to these estimates, which can be significant, could be caused by changes to our maintenance program, changes in utilization of the aircraft (actual cycles during a given period of time), governmental regulations on aging aircraft, and changing market prices of new and used aircraft of the same or similar types.

 

We also enter into capital lease agreements relating to aircraft and certain buildings and equipment, which have bargain purchase options at the end of each contract. These assets are not our legal property, because we cannot dispose of them until the purchase option is exercised. These assets are recorded at their fair value on the date of the lease agreement, which is determined by discounting the amounts payable in installments and the purchase option at the interest rate implicit, or explicit, in the contract. The corresponding leasing obligations are presented under long-term liabilities and under the current portion of long-term leasing obligations, net of the corresponding deferred interest.

 

Property and equipment assets are evaluated for possible impairment, as applicable. Factors that would indicate potential impairment may include, but are not limited to, significant decreases in the market value of long-lived assets, a significant change in the long-lived asset’s physical condition and operating or cash flow losses associated with the use of the long-lived asset. This process requires our estimate of future cash flows generated by each asset or group of assets. For any instance where this evaluation process indicates impairment, the appropriate asset’s carrying values are written down to net realizable value and the amount of the write-down is charged against the results of continuing operations.

 

Expenditures that substantially improve and/or increase the useful life of facilities, engines and equipment are capitalized. Minor and other unscheduled maintenance costs of aircraft and engines are charged to income as

 

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incurred. Costs of major programmed maintenance are accrued based on the use of the aircraft and engines (flying hours). Our estimation of this accrual and the evaluation of whether an expenditure related to property and equipment substantially improves and/or increases the useful life of an asset and is appropriately capitalized as an addition to the asset’s cost basis or is expensed as normal maintenance and repair expense can significantly affect results of operations for a given period, as well as our financial position.

 

Goodwill

 

Management also must exercise judgment in assessing goodwill and negative goodwill for impairment. Goodwill arises from the excess of the purchase price of companies acquired over their net book value. We amortize costs in excess of book value of net assets (and the excess of book value over cost) of our businesses using the straight-line method over a period not to exceed 20 years. This period is based on management’s assumption regarding the estimated period of recovery regarding these investments. This assumption takes into consideration various factors including, but not limited to, significant decreases in the market value of the investment, significant changes in legal or regulatory provisions and how these may impact the value of an investment and rates of returns used in calculating operating or cash flow losses associated with the use of our assets. We review the recorded value of our goodwill annually, or sooner if changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount may exceed fair value. Recoverability of the carrying value of the asset is determined by comparing net book value, including goodwill, to fair value based on the estimated future net cash flows of the relevant assets.

 

Derivative Instruments Used For Aircraft Fuel

 

We utilize financial derivative instruments to manage the price risk of changing aircraft fuel prices and interest rates. As a portion of our financial derivative instruments are not traded on a market exchange, we estimate their fair values with the assistance of third parties determined by the use of present value methods or standard option value models, with assumptions about commodity prices based on those observed in underlying markets. In addition, as there is not a reliable forward market for jet fuel, we must estimate the future prices of jet fuel in order to measure the effectiveness of the hedging instruments in offsetting changes to those prices. Forward jet fuel prices are estimated by observing similar commodity futures prices (such as crude oil) and adjusted based on variations to those like commodities. As the majority of our fuel hedges settle within 18 months, the variation between estimates and actual prices are recognized in a short period of time.

 

Deferred Income Taxes

 

Effective January 1, 2000, the effects of deferred income taxes arising from temporary differences between the basis of assets and liabilities for tax and financial statement purposes are recorded in accordance with Technical Bulletin No. 60 of the Chilean Institute of Accountants. The effects of deferred income taxes at January 1, 2000, which were not previously recorded, are recognized in income beginning in 2000 as the temporary differences reverse. Under Technical Bulletin No. 60, deferred tax assets are reduced by a valuation allowance if it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the deferred tax asset will not be realized. In making this determination, we consider both positive and negative evidence and make certain assumptions, including projections of taxable income. Changes in these assumptions may have a material impact on results.

 

Liquidity and Capital Resources

 

In recent years, we have been able to meet our working capital and capital expenditure requirements through cash from our operations, proceeds of long-term bank loans, loans from related parties and gains from financial transactions.

 

Our cash and cash equivalents totaled US$216.9 million as of December 31, 2004, US$157.8 million as of December 31, 2003, and US$159.4 million as of December 31, 2002. Additionally, as of December 31, 2004 and December 31, 2003, we held US$87.8 million and US$61.2 million, respectively, in marketable securities not considered to be cash equivalents under Chilean GAAP, which consisted mainly of bonds. We had no such marketable securities in 2002. In 2003 and 2004 we were able to invest a portion of our higher cash balance in such items. We hold significantly all of our cash and cash equivalents in U.S. dollars or U.S. dollar-based instruments.

 

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We generally only hold cash and cash equivalents in currencies other than dollars to fulfill short-term obligations that are denominated in local currencies. The increase in our cash and cash equivalents in 2004 as compared to 2003, was primarily due to our improved results of operations.

 

At December 31, 2004, we had a working capital surplus (that is, our current assets exceeded our current liabilities) of US$8.9 million. However, as of December 31, 2003, we had a working capital deficit of US$19.7 million. Our working capital deficit in 2003 was mainly related to our air traffic liability and accounts payable. Our air traffic liability refers to tickets that we have sold but which have not yet been used for travel. We recognize the price paid for the ticket as revenue when the tickets are flown. Except in the case of refunds, most of our air traffic liability will not result in cash outflows. Both liabilities arise in our ordinary course of business and, although they fluctuate mainly due to seasonality factors, they are generally proportional to our revenues. We believe this kind of working capital deficit presents no major constraint to our operations or growth strategy.

 

Net cash inflows from operating activities were US$346.8 million in 2004, US$235.7 million in 2003, and US$138.8 million in 2002, and are derived primarily from providing air passenger and cargo transportation to customers. Operating cash outflows are primarily related to the recurring expenses of operating our airline. Net cash inflows increased for 2004 mainly due to improvements in operating results.

 

Net cash used in investing activities was US$152.9 million in 2004, US$120.4 million in 2003, and US$118.7 million in 2002. Cash capital expenditures were US$126.9 million in 2004, US$64.8 million in 2003, and US$192.6 million in 2002, mainly reflecting the acquisitions of property and equipment. Our capital expenditures for 2004 were composed primarily of cash contributions for pre-delivery deposits related to aircraft that will be incorporated into our fleet in 2005 and 2006, the acquisition of aircraft spare parts and spare engines, and IT hardware and software. Net cash used in investing activities in 2004 also includes US$76.8 million in investments of financial instruments, consisting primarily of marketable securities. The capital expenditures for 2003 included the purchase of spare aircraft engines and the acquisition of new office space in Santiago. Net cash used in investing activities in 2003 also includes US$68.9 million in investments of financial instruments, primarily marketable securities. The 2002 expenditures reflect the purchase of four Airbus A320 aircraft and three Boeing 737-200 aircraft offset by the sale of assets (including the sale and lease-back of two aircraft engines). For more information about current and future capital expenditures, see “Capital Expenditures” below. The difference between net cash used in investing activities and cash capital expenditures during 2003 and 2004 relates mainly to the investment in and sale of financial instruments, and during 2002 it relates mainly to the sale of assets.

 

Net cash used in financing activities was US$134.8 million in 2004 and US$117.1 million in 2003, compared to net cash provided by financing activities of US$64.7 million in 2002. In 2004, our main uses were US$43.7 million in loan payments and dividends payments for a total of US$81.6 million. Our main cash uses in 2003 were US$75.2 million in loan payments and the distribution of US$49.1 million in dividends. In 2002, our net cash was provided primarily by the proceeds from a US$40.0 million securitization of credit card receivables and US$163.6 million in loans to finance the purchase of aircraft, partially offset by US$120.7 million in loan payments.

 

We have generally been able to arrange for short-term loans with local Chilean banks when we have needed to finance working capital expenditures or increase our liquidity. Should we need access to short-term loans in the future, we believe that we could obtain them based on our well-established relationships with various lenders. As of December 31, 2004, we maintained approximately US$159.0 million in short-term credit lines with both local and foreign banks. In addition, we also maintain a US$30.0 million medium-term stand-by credit facility that we entered into with the International Finance Corporation (“IFC”) in 2003.

 

We have contractual obligations and commitments primarily related to the payment of debt, lease arrangements and for the future incorporation of aircraft to our fleet.

 

We have financed the acquisition of three Boeing 767-300ER passenger aircraft and five Boeing 767-300F freighters through syndicated loans provided by international financial institutions with the support of partial guarantees issued by the Export-Import Bank of the United States, or Ex-Im, with repayment profiles of either 12 or 15 years. The Ex-Im guarantees support 85% of the net purchase price and are secured with a first priority mortgage on the aircraft in favor of a security trustee on behalf of Ex-Im. The documentation for each loan follows standard market forms for this type of financing, including standard events of default. Our Ex-Im supported financings

 

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amortize on a quarterly basis, are denominated in dollars and while some have fixed interest rates, others bear interest at a floating rate linked to U.S. dollar LIBOR. Through the use of interest rate swaps, we have effectively converted almost all of our floating rate debt under these loans into fixed rate debt. In September 2004, LAN sold its stakes in the entities borrowing some of these loans and they were therefore reclassified as financial leases. At December 31, 2004, the total amount outstanding under our Ex-Im-supported financings totaled US$435.0 million. See “Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk—Risk of Fluctuations in Interest Rates” under Item 11 for more information.

 

In 2000, to finance our Airbus aircraft, we entered into a US$1.3 billion umbrella credit facility with a syndicate of international financial institutions under which we borrow in the form of separate loans in connection with the specific financing requirements of each Airbus aircraft (including pre-delivery and long-term financings). This umbrella facility provides for guarantees from the English, French and German Export Credit Agencies and contains customary terms for the industry, including standard events of default. Loans under the facility are denominated in U.S. dollars and bear interest at floating rates linked to LIBOR. As of December 31, 2004, we had drawn approximately US$837.0 million under the facility. Some of the loans drawn under the facility mature 12 years from the delivery date of the corresponding aircraft and others have longer repayment periods, maturing 18 years after the initial drawdown. In connection with the facility, we have incorporated Airbus aircraft into our fleet through operating leases, financial leases and tax leases. The financing facility covers the aircraft we are scheduled to acquire under our Airbus purchase agreements through December 31, 2006.

 

Our total long-term debt (including capital leases) at December 31, 2004 was US$582.5 million compared to US$633.9 million in 2003. The decrease in long-term debt during 2004 relates mainly to principal payments on outstanding balances. We have minimum lease payment obligations primarily associated with our aircraft leases. As of December 31, 2004, we had 39 aircraft under operating leases, and we had minimum lease payment obligations of US$874.3 million compared to US$869.5 million as of December 31, 2003. This increase resulted from an increase in the number of aircraft under operating leases and the extension of several lease contracts. At December 31, 2004, we also had purchase obligations for Airbus A319 and A340 aircraft and Boeing 767 aircraft amounting to a combined total of approximately US$1,247.0 million. Under these contracts, we have a firm commitment to incorporate an additional 17 aircraft.

 

The average interest rate of our long-term debt was 4.6% as of December 31, 2004. Approximately 86% of our long-term debt effectively accrues interest at a fixed rate (either through a stated fixed interest rate or through our use of interest rate swap agreements) or is subject to interest rate caps. However, as of December 31, 2004 floating interest rates under the portion of our long-term debt that is subject to the interest rate caps had not reached their capped levels. Giving effect to the caps, as of December 31, 2004 the highest possible average interest rate that the 86% of our long-term debt could be subject to was 5.4%.

 

The following table sets forth our material expected obligations and commitments as of December 31, 2004.

 

     Payments due by period, as of December 31, 2004

     (in US$ millions)
     Total

   2005

   2006

   2007

   2008

   2009

   Thereafter

Principal debt payments

   $ 351.4    $ 34.1    $ 39.6    $ 32.8    $ 34.1    $ 34.7    $ 176.1

Capital leases(1)

     267.3      45.3      40.1      41.8      43.0      43.8      53.2

Operating leases(2)

     874.3      139.3      134.9      115.1      99.6      87.6      297.8

Purchase obligations

     1,247.0      233.0      466.0      160.0      395.0      —        —  
    

  

  

  

  

  

  

Total

   $ 2,739.9    $ 451.7    $ 680.6    $ 349.7    $ 571.7    $ 166.1    $ 527.1
    

  

  

  

  

  

  


(1) Includes interests
(2) Includes aircraft leases and other non-cancelable leases.

 

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Capital Expenditures

 

Over the last three years our cash capital expenditures were US$192.6 million in 2002, US$64.8 million in 2003, and US$126.9 million in 2004, mainly reflecting our acquisition of aircraft and aircraft-related equipment, IT equipment and support infrastructure, and the funding of pre-delivery deposits.

 

The following chart sets forth our estimate, as of December 31, 2004, of our future capital expenditures for 2005, 2006 and 2007:

 

     Expenditures by year, as of December 31, 2004

     (in US$ millions)
     2005

   2006

   2007

Expenditures on aircraft

   $ 233    $ 466    $ 160

Other expenditures(1)

     80      80      80
    

  

  

Total

   $ 313    $ 546    $ 240
    

  

  


(1) Includes expenditures on spare engines and parts, information technology and other expenditures.

 

Based on the purchase commitment we entered into with Boeing during the first half of 2005, and the letter of intent signed by Airbus in June 2005, we expect capital expenditures on aircraft to amount to US$233 million in 2005, US$602 million in 2006 and US$582 million in 2007.

 

We expect that cash generated from operations, short-term credit-lines and the long-term syndicated loans already negotiated with various banks will be sufficient to meet our cash requirements in the foreseeable future, although events that materially affect our operating results could also have a negative impact on our liquidity.

 

Credit Card Receivables Securitization

 

We have raised a total of US$100.0 million through two similar transactions involving the private placement of certificates backed by our credit card receivables. In these transactions, we sold our right to receive certain present and future U.S. dollar payment obligations, referred to as future credit card receivables, arising from the purchase of passenger tickets and related services in the United States through American Express, Diner’s Club, Discover, Visa and MasterCard to Pelican Finance Ltd. In the first transaction, completed in March 1999, we sold US$60.0 million of our future credit card receivables to Pelican which then issued notes to a United States trust, backed by payments received on these payment obligations, which in turn issued trust certificates, backed by payments received on the notes, to investors. In August 2002, we entered into a similar sale of future credit card receivables to Pelican for an additional US$40.0 million. Our sale of these payment obligations authorizes Pelican to collect payments on them until the earlier of the date the notes issued by Pelican are fully redeemed and March 2006 for the first transaction, and August 2009 for the second.

 

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

 

We do not have any off-balance sheet arrangement including any transactions, agreements or other contractual arrangements involving an unconsolidated entity under which we have:

 

    made guarantees;

 

    a retained or a contingent interest in transferred assets;

 

    an obligation under derivative instruments classified as equity; or

 

    any obligation arising out of a material variable interest in an unconsolidated entity that provides financing, liquidity, market risk or credit risk support to us, or that engages in leasing, hedging or research and development arrangements with us.

 

We record payments made under operating leases as expenses, and none of our operating lease obligations are reflected on our balance sheet. The decision to finance aircraft through operating leases rather than through debt

 

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was based on an analysis of the cash flows and tax consequences of each option and a consideration of our liquidity requirements. We are responsible for all maintenance, insurance and other costs associated with operating these aircraft; however, we have not made any residual value or similar guarantees to our lessors. We have also made certain guarantees and indemnities to other unrelated parties that are not reflected on our balance sheet, although we believe these will not have a significant impact on our results of operations or financial condition. We have no other off-balance sheet arrangements. See Notes 1 and 21 to our audited consolidated financial statements for a more detailed discussion of contingencies, including guarantees.

 

Differences between Chilean GAAP and U.S. GAAP

 

Our audited consolidated financial statements are prepared in accordance with Chilean GAAP, which differs in certain significant respects from U.S. GAAP. See Note 24 to our audited consolidated financial statements for a discussion of these differences and their effect on our results of operations.

 

Our net income determined under U.S. GAAP would have been US$160.7 million in 2004, US$88.8 million in 2003, and US$34.2 million in 2002, as compared with net income under Chilean GAAP of US$163.6 million in 2004, US$83.6 million in 2003, and US$30.8 million in 2002. These differences could be material to the financial information presented in accordance with Chilean GAAP. The main differences affecting the determination of net income include the different treatment of expenses for amortization of goodwill, adjustments for differences in the deferred tax provision as calculated under U.S. GAAP, certain expenses related to derivative instruments that do not qualify as hedging relationships under U.S. GAAP and the ineffectiveness of certain derivative instruments resulted in additional adjustments under Chilean GAAP.

 

Shareholders’ equity determined under U.S. GAAP would have been US$415.6 million at December 31, 2004, US$323.5 million at December 31, 2003, and US$258.9 million at December 31, 2002, as compared with shareholders’ equity under Chilean GAAP of US$434.6 million at December 31, 2004, US$352.6 million at December 31, 2003, and US$308.9 million at December 31, 2002, principally due to adjustments for the provision for deferred income taxes, goodwill amortization, derivatives and depreciation of property and equipment from our acquisition in 1997 of Ladeco S.A., now known as LAN Cargo S.A.

 

ITEM 6. DIRECTORS, SENIOR MANAGEMENT AND EMPLOYEES

 

Directors and Senior Management

 

The administration of LAN Airlines is conducted by its board of directors which, in accordance with LAN Airlines’ bylaws, consists of nine directors who are elected every two years for two-year terms at annual regular shareholders’ meetings, and may be re-elected. The board of directors may appoint replacements to fill any vacancies that occur during periods between elections. Scheduled meetings of the board of directors are held once a month and extraordinary board of directors’ meetings are called when summoned by the chairman of the board of directors and two other directors, or when requested by a majority of the directors.

 

The current board of directors was elected at the annual shareholders’ meeting held in April 2005. The resignation of one director, Mr. Boris Hirmas Said, prior to this meeting forced the renewal of the entire board. This new board was elected for a two-year term. In May, Mr. Sebastian Piñera Echenique resigned from the board of directors as he decided to run for Presidency of Chile. As of the date of this annual report, the board of directors has not filled this vacancy. Because of Mr. Piñera’s resignation, a new board will be elected at our next annual shareholders’ meeting, to be held between February and April 2006. The following are LAN Airlines’ directors and senior management as of May 31, 2005:

 

Directors


    

Position


Jorge Awad Mehech(1)

     Director / Chairman

Darío Calderón González

     Director

José Cox Donoso

     Director

Juan José Cueto Plaza(2)

     Director

Juan Cueto Sierra(2)

     Director

 

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Ramón Eblen Kadis(3)

     Director

Andrés Navarro Haeussler

     Director

Bernardo Fontaine Talavera

     Director

 

Senior Management


    

Position


Enrique Cueto Plaza(2)

     Chief Executive Officer

Luis Ernesto Videla Berguecio

     President and Chief Operating Officer

Ignacio Cueto Plaza(2)

     Chief Executive Officer, Passenger Business

Armando Valdivieso Montes

     Chief Executive Officer, Cargo Business

Alejandro de la Fuente Goic

     Chief Financial Officer

Susana Tonda Mitri

     Senior Vice President, Organization and Processes

Carlos Prado Cánepa

     Senior Vice President, Corporate Investment

Marco Jofré Marín

     Senior Vice President, Operations, Engineering and Maintenance

Enrique Elsaca Hirmas

     Senior Vice President, Strategic Planning

(1) Mr. Jorge Awad Mehech was re-elected chairman of the board of directors in April 2004. Mr. Awad had previously served as chairman of the board of directors for six years until October 2000.
(2) Messrs. Ignacio, Juan José and Enrique Cueto Plaza are brothers, and Mr. Juan Cueto Sierra is their father. All four are members of the Cueto Group (as defined in “Item 7”), one of the Controlling Shareholders.
(5) Mr. Ramón Eblen Kadis is a member of the Eblen Group (as defined in “Item 7”), a major shareholder.

 

Biographical Information

 

Set forth below are brief biographical descriptions of LAN Airlines’ directors and senior management.

 

Directors

 

Mr. Jorge Awad Mehech, 59 years old, has served as chairman and member of LAN Airlines’ board of directors since April 2002. Mr. Awad had previously served as chairman of our board of directors from 1994 to October 2000. Mr. Awad’s current term as chairman ends on the date of the next annual shareholders’ meeting. He held the position of Senior Vice President of Fast Air from 1979 to 1993. Mr. Awad currently serves on the boards of directors of several other Chilean companies, including Banco de Chile and Envases del Pacifico S.A. He is also a board member of ICARE (Instituto Chileno de Administracion Racional de Empresas), a Chilean organization seeking to promote private enterprise. As of May 31, 2005, according to shareholder registration data in Chile, Mr. Awad owned, through Inversiones y Asesorías Fabiola S.A., 164,943 common shares (.05% of LAN Airlines’ outstanding shares).

 

Mr. Darío Calderón González, 58 years old, has served on LAN Airlines’ board of directors since 1994. Mr. Calderón’s term as a director ends on the date of the next annual shareholders’ meeting. Mr. Calderón has been a partner in Calderón y Cía., a Chilean law firm, since 1970. Mr. Calderón currently serves the board of directors of other Chilean companies, including Integramedica S.A., Imprenta A Molina Flores S.A., Inmobiliaria Cumbres S.A., and Calzados Gino S.A.

 

Mr. José Cox Donoso, 50 years old, has served on LAN Airlines’ board of directors from April 1994 to June 1995 and from September 1995 to the present. Mr. Cox’s term as a director ends on the date of the next annual shareholders’ meeting. Mr. Cox has also served as chairman of the board of directors of LAN Airlines Cargo since September 1995. In addition, Mr. Cox has served on the board of directors of CMB-Prime Asset Managing Corp. since September 1993. Mr. Cox is also chairman of the Chilean Electronic Stock Exchange. As of May 31, 2005, according to shareholder registration data in Chile, Mr. Cox owned, through Inversiones Aéreas CGP Dos S.A., 2,654,324 common shares of LAN Airlines (0.8% of LAN Airlines’ outstanding shares).

 

Mr. Juan José Cueto Plaza, 45 years old, has served on LAN Airlines’ board of directors since 1994. Mr. Cueto’s term as a director ends on the date of the next annual shareholders’ meeting. Mr. Cueto currently serves as Executive Vice President of Inversiones Costa Verde S.A., a position he has held since 1990, and on the boards of directors of

 

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Forestal Copihue S.A. and Minera Michilla S.A. Mr. Cueto is the son of Mr. Juan Cueto Sierra, a director of LAN Airlines, and the brother of Messrs. Enrique and Ignacio Cueto Plaza, Chief Executive Officer Chief Executive Officer-Passenger Business of LAN Airlines, respectively. Mr. Cueto is a member of the Cueto Group (a group of Controlling Shareholders of LAN Airlines one of Lan Airlines’ Controlling Shareholders). As of May 31, 2005, Mr. Cueto shared in the beneficial ownership of 86,913,567 common shares of LAN Airlines (27.3% of LAN Airlines’ outstanding shares) held by the Cueto Group. See “Item 7”.

 

Mr. Juan Cueto Sierra, 75 years old, was one of the founders of Fast Air in 1978 and has served on LAN Airlines’ board of directors since 1998. Mr. Cueto’s term as a director ends on the date of the next annual shareholders’ meeting. Mr. Cueto has wide experience in a range of business activities. Mr. Cueto is the father of Messrs. Juan José, Enrique and Ignacio Cueto Plaza, Director, Chief Executive Officer and Chief Executive Officer-Passenger Business of LAN Airlines, respectively.

 

Mr. Ramón Eblen Kadis, 60 years old, has served on LAN Airlines’ board of directors since June 1994. Mr. Eblen’s term as a director ends on the date of the next annual shareholders’ meeting. Mr. Eblen has served as President of Comercial Los Lagos Ltda., Inversiones Santa Blanca S.A., and The Jeans Company S.A.. Mr. Eblen is a member of the Eblen Group (a major shareholder of LAN Airlines). As of May 31, 2005, Mr. Eblen shared in the beneficial ownership of 31,778,049 common shares of LAN Airlines (approximately 10.0% of LAN Airlines’ outstanding shares) held by the Eblen Group. See “Item 7”.

 

Mr. Andrés Navarro Haeussler, 56 years old, joined LAN Airlines’ board of directors in April 2004. Mr. Navarro’s term as a director ends on the date of the next annual shareholders’ meeting. Mr. Navarro holds a Civil Engineering degree from Universidad Católica de Chile. He is the president and founder of Sonda S.A., a leading IT services provider in Latin America, which has operations in eleven Latin American countries, including Mexico, Brazil, Argentina, Chile and Colombia. He is also the Chairman of the Board of Clínica Las Condes and of Inmobiliaria y Constructora Aconcagua S.A. and the President of Fundación Teleton, a non-profit organization.

 

Bernardo Fontaine Talavera, 41 years old, has served on LAN Airlines’ board of directors since April 2005. Mr. Fontaine’s term ends on the date of the next annual shareholders’ meeting. Mr. Fontaine has held various responsibilities on the financial services branch of Falabella, a major Chilean retailer, and served as Executive Director of CMR Falabella and Vice-Chairman of the Board of Banco Falabella. Mr. Fontaine also served as head of the M&A Corporate Finance division of Citicorp-Citibank Chile. Mr. Fontaine currently serves on the boards of Almagro S.A., Loginsa S.A. and Polygon S.A.. He is also the general manager of Tres Mares S.A., which owns 17,840,598 shares of Lan Airlines S.A. (5.6% of Lan Airlines’ outstanding shares).

 

Senior Management

 

Mr. Enrique Cueto Plaza, 46 years old, is LAN Airlines’ Chief Executive Officer, and has held this position since 1994. From 1993 to 1994, Mr. Cueto served on LAN Airlines’ board of directors. From 1983 to 1993, Mr. Cueto was Chief Executive Officer of Fast Air. Mr. Cueto has in-depth knowledge of passenger and cargo airline management, both in commercial and operational aspects, gained during his eighteen years in the airline industry. Mr. Cueto currently serves on the boards of directors of Forestal Copihue S.A. and Endeavor-Chile, a foundation aimed at supporting entrepreneurship in Chile. Mr. Cueto is the son of Mr. Juan Cueto Sierra, a director of LAN Airlines, and the brother of Messrs. Juan José and Ignacio Cueto Plaza, director and Chief Executive Officer-Passenger Business of LAN Airlines, respectively. Mr. Cueto is also a member of the Cueto Group (one of Lan Airlines’ Controlling Shareholders). As of May 31, 2005, Mr. Cueto shared in the beneficial ownership of 86,913,567 common shares of LAN Airlines (27.3% of LAN Airlines’ outstanding shares) held by the Cueto Group. See “Item 7”.

 

Mr. Luis Ernesto Videla Berguecio, 44 years old, is LAN Airlines’ President and Chief Operating Officer, a position he assumed in 1996. Prior to assuming his current position, Mr. Videla served as LAN Airlines’ Vice President of Marketing and Sales from 1995 to 1996, and as LAN Airlines’ Vice President of Planning and Development from 1994 to 1995. From 1989 until 1994, Mr. Videla held the position of Vice President, Planning at

 

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Fast Air. Before 1989, Mr. Videla worked at Banco de Crédito e Inversiones. As of May 31, 2005, according to shareholder registration data in Chile, Mr. Videla owned 59,704 common shares of LAN Airlines (.02% of LAN Airlines’ outstanding shares).

 

Mr. Ignacio Cueto Plaza, 42 years old, is LAN Airlines’ Chief Executive Officer-Passenger Business, Passenger. Mr. Cueto served on the board of directors of LAN Airlines and Ladeco from 1995 to 1997 and from 1994 to 1997, respectively. In addition, Mr. Cueto served as Chief Executive Officer of Fast Air from 1993 to 1995 and as President of the LanCargo Group from 1995 to 1998. Between 1985 and 1993, Mr. Cueto held several positions at Fast Air, including Service Manager for the Miami sales office, Director of Sales for Chile and Vice President of Sales and Marketing. Mr. Cueto is the son of Mr. Juan Cueto Sierra, Director of LAN Airlines, and the brother of Messrs. Juan José and Enrique Cueto Plaza, Director and Chief Executive Officer of LAN Airlines, respectively. Mr. Cueto is also a member of the Cueto Group (one of Lan Airlines’ Controlling Shareholders). As of May 31, 2005, Mr. Cueto shared in the beneficial ownership of 86,913,567 common shares of LAN Airlines (27.3% of LAN Airlines’ outstanding shares) held by the Cueto Group. See “Item 7”.

 

Mr. Alejandro de la Fuente Goic, 46 years old, is LAN Airlines’ Chief Financial Officer, and has held this position since October 1995. Mr. de la Fuente joined LAN Airlines in April 1995. Prior to joining LAN Airlines, Mr. de la Fuente served as Director of Management and Finance of Chiquita Frupac Ltd., a subsidiary of Chiquita Brands Inc., beginning in 1992. As of May 31, 2005, according to shareholder registration data in Chile, Mr. de la Fuente owned 51,175 common shares of LAN Airlines (.02% of LAN Airlines’ outstanding shares).

 

Mr. Armando Valdivieso Montes, 42 years old, is LAN Airlines’ Chief Executive Officer-Cargo Business, a position he assumed in 1997. From 1994 to 1997, Mr. Valdivieso was President of Fast Air. From 1991 to 1994, Mr. Valdivieso served as Vice President, North America of Fast Air Miami. As of May 31, 2005, according to shareholder registration data in Chile, Mr. Valdivieso owned 59,704 common shares of LAN Airlines (.02% of LAN Airlines’ outstanding shares).

 

Ms. Susana Tonda Mitri, 50 years old, is LAN Airlines’ Senior Vice President, Organization and Processes, a position she has held since June 2000. Prior to joining LAN Airlines, Ms. Tonda was General Manager of Banefe, a division of Banco Santander in Chile, from 1993 to 1999. From 1985 to 1993, Ms. Tonda held several positions at Bancard S.A., a company involved in the administration and management of credit cards, including General Manager from 1992 to 1993.

 

Mr. Carlos Prado Cánepa, 55 years old, is LAN Airlines’ Senior Vice President, Corporate Investment, and has held this position since July 1998. From 1993 to 1998, Mr. Prado served as LAN Airlines’ Senior Vice President, Technical. From 1987 to 1992, he served as Chief Operating Officer of Exim Air S.A. From 1983 to 1986, Mr. Prado served as our Vice President, Cargo, and from 1981 to 1982 as our Fuel Manager. As of May 31, 2005, according to shareholder registration data in Chile, Mr. Prado owned 21,323 common shares of LAN Airlines (.01% of LAN Airlines’ outstanding shares).

 

Mr. Marco Jofré Marín, 42 years old, is LAN Airlines’ Senior Vice President, Operations, Engineering and Maintenance. Mr. Jofré has been responsible for Operations since August 1998 and for Engineering and Maintenance since May 2002. From 1997 to 1998, Mr. Jofré served as Executive Vice President of Fast Air, from 1992 to 1997 as Planning Director of Fast Air and from 1990 to 1992 as Vice President Services, North America of Fast Air Miami. Currently, Mr. Jofré also serves as a consultant to the Academy of Aeronautical Sciences and on the boards of directors of Flight Training Center-Chile and TEISA, the export terminal of LAN Airlines. As of May 31, 2005, according to shareholder registration data in Chile, Mr. Jofré owned 25,588 common shares of LAN Airlines (.01% of LAN Airlines’ outstanding shares).

 

Mr. Enrique Elsaca Hirmas, 37 years old, is LAN Airlines’ Senior Vice President, Strategic Planning, a position he assumed in July 2004. Mr. Elsaca has a degree in industrial engineering from Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, as well as a Master in Business Administration from Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Prior to joining LAN Airlines, Mr. Elsaca served as Real Estate and Development Manager of Cencosud, Chile’s second largest retail group. From 1997 to 1999, Mr. Elsaca worked at Booz Allen & Hamilton in Latin America, and from 1991 to 1995, Mr. Elsaca held various positions in Esso Chile, a subsidiary of Exxon.

 

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Compensation

 

For the year ended December 31, 2004, the aggregate amount of compensation we paid to all executives and senior managers was US$36.1 million, which included US$5.0 million in bonuses. Our variable compensation plan is based on our corporate profits, and team and individual performance.

 

Under Chilean law, LAN Airlines must disclose in its annual report details of all compensation paid to its directors during the relevant fiscal year, including any amounts that they received from LAN Airlines for functions or employment other than serving as a member of the board of directors, including amounts received as per diem stipends, bonuses and, generally, all other payments. Additionally, pursuant to regulations of the Superintendencia de Valores y Seguros, or the SVS, the annual report must also include the total compensation and severance payments received by managers and principal executives, and the terms of and the manner in which board members and executive officers participate in any stock option plans.

 

LAN Airlines’ directors are paid 24 UF per meeting (56 UF for the chairman of the board). LAN Airlines also provides certain benefits to its directors and executive officers, such as free and discounted airline tickets and health insurance.

 

As set forth in further detail in the following table, in 2004, the members of our board of directors currently in office received fees and salaries in the aggregate amount of US$95,648.

 

Board Members


   Fees (US$)(1)

Jorge Awad Mehech

   US$ 25,334

Ramón Eblen Kadis

     16,146

José Cox Donoso

     14,772

Darío Calderón González

     8,074

Sebastián Piñera Echenique

     7,311

Juan José Cueto Plaza

     7,297

Juan Cueto Sierra

     6,086

Boris Hirmas Said

     5,317

Andrés Navarro Haeussler

     3,980
    

Total

   US$ 94,316

(1) Includes fees paid to members of the board of directors’ committee, as described below.

 

As required by Chilean law, LAN Airlines makes obligatory contributions to the privatized pension fund system on behalf of its senior managers and executives, but it does not maintain any separate program to provide pension, retirement or similar benefits to these or any other employees.

 

Board of Directors’ Committee

 

Pursuant to Chilean Corporation Law, as amended by Law No. 19,705, LAN Airlines must have a board of directors’ committee composed of no less than three board members. LAN Airlines has established a three-person committee of its board of directors, which, among other duties, is responsible for:

 

    examining the reports of LAN Airlines’ external auditors, the balance sheets and other financial statements submitted by LAN Airlines’ administrators to the shareholders, and issuing an opinion with respect thereto prior to their presentation to the shareholders for their approval;

 

    proposing external auditors and rating agencies to the board of directors;

 

    examining and reporting on all related party transactions; and

 

    reviewing the pay scale of LAN Airlines’ senior management.

 

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Under Chilean law we are required, to the extent possible, to appoint a majority of independent directors to this committee.

 

As of May 31, 2005, the committee members were Mr. Jorge Awad Mehech, Mr. José Cox Donoso and Mr. Ramón Eblen Kadis. We pay each member of the committee 24 UFs per month.

 

NYSE Corporate Governance Comparison

 

Pursuant to Section 303A.11 of the Listed Company Manual of the NYSE, we are required to provide a summary of the significant ways in which our corporate governance practices differ from those required for U.S. companies under the NYSE listing standards. We are a Chilean corporation with shares listed on the Santiago Stock Exchange, the Bolsa Electrónica de Chile and the Valparaiso Stock Exchange and ADSs on The New York Stock Exchange. Our corporate governance practices are governed by our bylaws, the Chilean Corporation Law and the Ley de Mercado de Valores No. 18,045, or the Securities Market Law.

 

The table below discloses the significant differences between our corporate governance practices and the NYSE standards.

 

NYSE Standards


    

Our Corporate Governance Practice


Director IndependenceMajority of board of directors

must be independent. §303A.01

     Under Chilean law, we are not required to have a majority of independent directors.
       Our board of directors’ committee (all of whom are members of our board of directors) is composed of three directors, two of which must be independent if we have a sufficient number of independent directors on our board.
       The definition of independence applicable to us pursuant to the Chilean Corporation Law differs in certain respects from the definition applicable to U.S. issuers under the NYSE rules.
       Under the Chilean Corporation Law, a director is deemed to be independent if such member would have been elected as a Director at the Shareholders Meeting after excluding the votes of any controlling shareholder or party related to it.

Executive Sessions. Non-management directors must

meet regularly in executive sessions without

management. Independent directors should meet

alone in an executive session at least once a year.

§303A.03

     There is no similar requirement under our bylaws or under applicable Chilean law.

 

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NYSE Standards


    

Our Corporate Governance Practice


Audit committee. Audit committee satisfying the independence and other requirements of Rule 10A-3 under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and the more stringent requirements under the NYSE standards is required. §§303A.06, 303A.07      We will be required to comply with Rule 10A-3 by July 31, 2005. We are not required to satisfy the NYSE independence and other audit committee standards that are not prescribed by Rule 10A-3.
Nominating/corporate governance committee. Nominating/corporate governance committee of independent directors is required. The committee must have a charter specifying the purpose, duties and evaluation procedures of the committee. §303A.04      We are not required to have, and do not have, a nominating/corporate governance committee.
Compensation committee. Compensation committee of independent directors is required, which must approve executive officer compensation. The committee must have a charter specifying the purpose, duties and evaluation procedures of the committee. §303A.05      We are not required to have a compensation committee. Pursuant to the Chilean Corporation Law, our board of directors’ committee must approve our senior management’s compensation.
Equity compensation plans. Equity compensation plans require shareholder approval, subject to limited exemptions.      Under the Chilean Corporation Law, equity compensation plans require shareholder approval.
Code of Ethics. Corporate governance guidelines and a code of business conduct and ethics is required, with disclosure of any waiver for directors or executive officers. §303A.10      We have adopted a code of ethics applicable to our senior management, including our chief executive officer, our chief financial officer and our chief accounting officer, as well as to other employees. Our code of ethics is available upon request, in writing, by telephone or by e-mail, to the following address: Lan Chile S.A., Investor Relations Department, attention: Andres Bianchi, Av. Presidente Riesco 5711, Piso 20, Comuna Las Condes, Santiago, Chile, telephone (56-2) 565-3947, email: andres.bianchi@lan.com. We are required by Item 16B of Form 20-F to disclose any waivers granted to our chief executive officer, chief financial officer, principal accounting officer and persons performing similar functions.

 

Employees

 

As of December 31, 2004, we had a total of 13,414 employees, including:

 

    877 pilots and copilots;

 

    1,916 flight attendants;

 

    1,620 maintenance personnel;

 

    4,973 employees engaged in administrative or sales activities; and

 

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    4,028 employees engaged in a variety of operational activities.

 

Our flight operations, maintenance and customer ground operations personnel undergo training when they join us and throughout their employment with us. We invested approximately US$7.0 million in training in 2002, US$6.8 million in 2003 and US$7.6 million in 2004. We generally recruit our pilots from the Academia de Ciencias Aeronáuticas (at the Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María), aeroclubs and the armed forces. Before being promoted to the position of captain, first officers must have logged at least 2,500 flight hours and received the approval of a special pilots’ committee. We provide ground-school training in Santiago, as well as in Lima and Quito for our Peruvian and Ecuadorian crews. We have signed an agreement with CAE (a Canadian firm specializing in flight training) to develop a pilot training center in Santiago de Chile. As of April 30, 2005, this training center included a Boeing 737-200 Full Flight simulator and an Airbus A320 Full Flight simulator, and a Boeing 767 simulator will be added in the second half of 2005. Our pilot staff also receives simulator training at sites in the United States and Brazil.

 

Our pilots are rated for only one aircraft type by local aeronautical authorities, and they are not cross-qualified between two or more aircraft types. Chilean regulations require pilots to be licensed as commercial pilots for a first officer position and as an airline transport pilot for a captain position, with specific type, function and special ratings for each aircraft to be flown, and to be medically certified as physically fit. Licenses and medical certifications are subject to periodic reevaluation, including flight simulator recurrent training, ground recurrent training, annual emergency procedures training, safety and security training and recent flying experience. Our pilots receive a variety of training, such as lectures, simulations and gaming and computer based training.

 

In December 1997, LAN Airlines and Lufthansa Technical Training GmbH created Lufthansa LAN Airlines Technical Training S.A. in Santiago to provide ourselves and third parties with technical training services and amenities, primarily for mechanics.

 

Aircraft mechanics and maintenance supervisory personnel must be licensed and qualified for specific aircraft by the DGAC and other corresponding authorities in other countries in which we operate. Cabin crew must have initial and periodic competency fitness training. Since we have been run by the current management team, we have implemented a performance-related pay structure for our administrative, management and flight personnel, including performance-based bonuses and pay scales that reward foreign language proficiency in counter, technical and administrative personnel.

 

We train our mechanics and maintenance supervisors in all programs required by both local DGAC and international (FAA, Joint Aviation Authorities (or “JAA”), and Independent Travel Technology Association (or “ITTA”) norms and regulations, those required by aircraft manufacturers and the training needs that we identify during our annual reviews. We present these programs during trainings that can last for up to four days for refresher courses and for up to 54 days for Boeing 767 line and base maintenance certification.

 

During 2003, we continued training sales and administrative personnel in areas such as service and sales quality. We also continued delivering programs aimed at improving leadership skills and applying e-learning techniques.

 

We have negotiated longer-term labor contracts with the labor unions in anticipation of their scheduled expirations, which under Chilean law are limited to a period of four years. In general, the expiration of our labor agreements with the several unions that represent our pilots and other personnel are staggered in a way that we avoid being in the position of having to renegotiate contract terms with substantially all of our pilots or other personnel at the same time.

 

The collective bargaining agreement between our subsidiary Transporte Aéreo S.A. and its pilots’ union expires in November 2008. Four collective bargaining agreements are in place between LAN Airlines and the unions that represent four different groups of its pilots. While the scheduled expiration dates of the several collective bargaining agreements were originally staggered over several years, a recent decision by Chilean labor authorities imposes a four-year term limit that will cause three of the agreements to expire in November 2005 and one to expire in November 2007. LAN Cargo is also party to an employment agreement with its pilots that expires in November 2005.

 

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LAN Airlines has also entered into collective bargaining agreements covering the majority of its flight attendants that expire at various times, ranging from July 2004 to June 2007, and has entered into collective bargaining agreements with its maintenance personnel that expire at various time, ranging from September 2004 to October 2007. The agreement with the union representing our administrative personnel expires in November 2005.

 

We believe we generally have good relations with our employees and the unions, and expect to continue to enjoy good relations with our employees and the unions in the future. We also believe that we have built a solid base among our employees that will support and facilitate our growth plans. We can provide no assurance, however, that our employee compensation arrangements may not be subject to change or modification after the expiration of the contracts currently in effect.

 

We provide our employees with medical insurance and also grant other benefits, such as free and discounted airline tickets, to our permanent employees. We have never offered stock options to our employees. As required by Chilean law, we make obligatory contributions to the privatized pension fund system on behalf of our employees, but we do not maintain any separate program to provide pension, retirement or similar benefits to these or any other employees.

 

The following table sets forth the number of employees in various positions at LAN Airlines, LAN Airlines Cargo and our other subsidiaries.

 

     As of December 31,

Employees(1)


   2002

   2003

   2004

Administrative

   2,442    2,486    3,135

Sales

   1,738    1,845    1,838

Maintenance

   1,371    1,383    1,620

Operations

   3,032    3,294    4,028

Cabin crew

   1,520    1,448    1,916

Cockpit crew

   667    717    877
    
  
  

Total

   10,770    11,173    13,414
    
  
  

(1) In 2004, approximately 75% of our employees worked in Chile, 22% in other Latin American countries and 3% in the rest of the world.

 

ITEM 7. CONTROLLING SHAREHOLDERS AND RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS

 

Controlling Shareholders

 

Pursuant to agreements signed in July 2004, two shareholder groups control the Company. These shareholder groups are:

 

    the Cueto Group, which includes Mr. Juan José Cueto Plaza, Mr. Ignacio Cueto Plaza, Mr. Enrique Cueto Plaza and certain members of their family;

 

    the Piñera Group, which includes Mr. Sebastián Piñera Echenique and certain members of his family;

 

We collectively refer to these shareholder groups as “Controlling Shareholders”. As of May 31, 2005, our Controlling Shareholders owned 54.6% of our voting common shares. While the common shares owned by the Controlling Shareholders do not have different voting rights than the common shares owned by our other shareholders, these Controlling Shareholders are entitled to elect a majority of the members of our board of directors and are in a position to direct our management and to control substantially all matters that are to be decided by a vote of shareholders.

 

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The agreements signed by our Controlling Shareholders provide for a joint-action agreement and a right of first refusal agreement in connection with 45.0% of our common shares. Under the joint-action agreement, the Controlling Shareholder agreed to act coordinately on all matters pertaining to the Company’s management, both at shareholders’ meetings and meetings of the board of directors. Under the right of first refusal agreement between both groups, the shares included under this agreement are subject to reciprocal rights of first refusal in connection with any future sale to a third party.

 

As of May 31, 2005, a third shareholder group, which includes our director Ramon Eblen Cadiz, owned approximately 10% of our common shares. Because this group can influence our management, we have classified this group as a “Principal Shareholder”.

 

The table below sets forth the beneficial ownership of common shares as of May 31, 2005, broken down between our Controlling Shareholders, other principal shareholder, and minority shareholders.

 

    

Beneficial ownership

(as of May 31, 2005)


 

Shareholder


   Number of shares
of common stock
beneficially owned


  

Percentage of
common stock

beneficially owned


 

Cueto Group

           

Inversiones Costa Verde Limitada y Compañía en Comandita por Acciones

   86,913,567    27.3 %

Total

   86,913,567    27.3 %

Piñera Group

           

Inversiones Santa Cecilia S.A.

   21,224,909    6.7 %

Axxion S.A.

   65,827,874    20.6 %

Total

   87,052,783    27.3 %

Other principal shareholder

   31,778,049    10.0 %

Others

   113,164,691    35.5 %

Total

   318,909,090    100.0 %

 

At May 31, 2005, investors outside of Chile held 14.6% of our capital stock in the form of ADSs, and other minority investors held 20.8% in the form of common shares. It is not practicable for us to determine the number of ADSs or common shares beneficially owned in the United States. At May 31, 2005, we had 1,165 record holders of our common shares. It is not practicable for us to determine the portion of shares held in Chile or the number of record holders in Chile.

 

Related Party Transactions

 

We have engaged in a variety of transactions with our affiliates, including entities owned or controlled by certain of our controlling shareholders. Set out below is a description of the material transactions between LAN Airlines and its affiliates. It is our policy not to engage in any transaction with or for the benefit of any shareholder or member of the board of directors, or any entity controlled by such a person or in which such a person has a substantial economic interest, unless the transaction is related to our business and the price and other terms are at least as favorable to us as those that could be obtained on an arm’s-length basis from a third party.

 

Real Estate Transactions

 

During the fourth quarter of 2003, LAN Airlines acquired office space and other ancillary facilities for US$7.3 million from Inmobiliaria San Luis Dos S.A., an entity in which the Cueto Group of our majority shareholders holds a minority stake. This office space enabled us to move some of our administrative and commercial staff to a more central location in Santiago. This transaction was carried out at market prices and in accordance with Chilean law, was approved by our board of directors’ committee and was disclosed at our annual shareholders’ meeting.

 

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Other Transactions

 

In addition to the transactions discussed above, in the ordinary course of our business we render to and receive from related companies services of various types, including aircraft leases, aircraft interchanges, freight transportation and reservation services. Such transactions, none of which is individually material, are summarized in Note 14 on page F-25 to our audited consolidated financial statements for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2004.

 

ITEM 8. FINANCIAL INFORMATION

 

Consolidated Financial Statements

 

See Item 18, “Financial Statements” and pages F-1 through F-65.

 

Other Financial Information

 

Legal and Arbitration Proceedings

 

We are involved in routine litigation and other proceedings relating to the ordinary course of our business. On July 30, 1997, the Chilean Antitrust Commission imposed a fine on us of approximately US$345,000 in connection with a complaint filed by DAP Airlines, or DAP, alleging that we employed anti-competitive tactics by reducing our prices on certain of our routes and refusing to perform maintenance services on DAP aircraft. On January 8, 1998, DAP filed a demand for indemnification against Lan Airlines, National Airlines and Lan Cargo, jointly and severally, in the amount of approximately Ch$6.4 billion (approximately US$10.8 million according to the observed exchange rate as of May 31, 2005). In June 2000, the courts ruled in favor of DAP in the amount of Ch$342 million (approximately US$580,000 according to the observed exchange rate as of May 31, 2005). We appealed the decision to the Chilean Supreme Court in July 2004, and a final ruling in the appeal is still pending.

 

We do not believe that this or any other pending proceedings against us had or are likely to have a significant adverse effect on our business or results of operations.

 

Dividend Policy

 

In accordance with Chilean law, Lan Airlines must distribute cash dividends equal to at least 30% of its annual net income calculated in accordance with Chilean GAAP, unless otherwise decided by a unanimous vote of the holders of all issued shares and unless and except to the extent it has accumulated losses. If there is no net income in a given year, Lan Airlines can elect but is not legally obligated to distribute dividends out of retained earnings. The board of directors may declare interim dividends out of profits earned during such interim period. Pursuant to Lan Airlines’ by-laws, the annual cash dividend is approved by the shareholders at the annual ordinary shareholders’ meeting held between February 1 and April 30 of the year following the year with respect to which the dividend is proposed. All outstanding common shares are entitled to share equally in all dividends declared by Lan Airlines.

 

Holders of ADSs offered hereby will be entitled to receive dividends on the underlying common shares to the same extent as holders of common shares. Holders of ADRs on the applicable record dates will be entitled to receive dividends paid on the common shares represented by the ADSs evidenced by such ADRs after the closing of the offering. Dividends payable to holders of ADSs will be paid by us to the depositary in Chilean pesos and remitted by the depositary to such holders net of foreign currency conversion fees and expenses of the depositary and will be subject to Chilean withholding tax currently imposed at a rate of 35% (subject to credits in certain cases as described under “Taxation”). Owners of the ADSs will not be charged any dividend remittance fee by the depositary with respect to cash dividends. See “Description of American Depositary Receipts—Dividends, Other Distributions and Rights” and “Taxation”.

 

Chilean law requires that holders of shares of Chilean companies that are not residents of Chile register as foreign investors under one of the foreign investment regimes established by Chilean law in order to have dividends, sale proceeds or other amounts with respect to their shares remitted outside Chile through the Formal Exchange

 

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Market (Mercado Cambiario Formal). Under our Foreign Investment Contract, the depositary, on behalf of ADS holders, will be granted access to the Formal Exchange Market to convert cash dividends from pesos to U.S. dollars and to pay such U.S. dollars to ADS holders outside Chile.

 

ITEM 9. THE OFFER AND LISTING

 

Stock Price History

 

The principal trading market for our common shares is the Santiago Stock Exchange. The common shares have been listed on the Santiago Stock Exchange under the symbol “LAN” since 1989, and the ADSs have been listed on The New York Stock Exchange under the symbol “LFL” since November 7, 1997. The common shares also trade on the Bolsa de Valores de Valparaíso and the Bolsa Electrónica de Chile. The outstanding ADSs are identified by the CUSIP number 501723100. The following table sets forth, for the periods indicated, the high and low closing sale prices on the Santiago Stock Exchange for the common shares and the high and low closing prices on The New York Stock Exchange for the common shares represented by ADSs. The information set forth in the table below reflects actual historical amounts and has not been restated in constant Chilean pesos.

 

Year ended December 31,    Ch$ per Common Share

   US$ per ADS

     Low

   High

   Low

   High

2000

   715.00    1,065.00    6.19    10.31

2001

   775.00    1,339.90    5.26    10.14

2002

   520.00    960.00    3.40    7.55

2003

                   

First Quarter

   735.00    875.00    5.15    6.16

Second Quarter

   770.00    1,150.00    5.38    8.20

Third Quarter

   1,145.00    1,495.00    8.07    11.28

Fourth Quarter

   1,520.00    2,100.10    11.66    17.70

2004

                   

First Quarter

   2,010.00    2,300.00    16.86    19.80

Second Quarter

   2,105.50    2,550.00    16.85    20.60

Third Quarter

   2,340.10    3,025.00    18.58    25.00

Fourth Quarter

   2,640.00    3,670.10    22.30    32.90

2005

                   

First Quarter

   3,385.00    4,200.00    30.25    35.98

Monthly Prices

                   

January, 2005

   3,385.00    3,651.00    30.25    35.48

February, 2005

   3,950.00    4,190.90    34.34    35.98

March, 2005

   3,850.00    4,200.00    33.27    35.60

April, 2005

   4,000.00    4,410.00    34.69    38.05

May, 2005

   3,870.00    4,400.00    33.54    36.70

June, 2005(1)

   4,125.00    4,370.00    35.13    36.70

Sources: Santiago Stock Exchange and The New York Stock Exchange.

(1) Period through June 10, 2005.

 

As of May 31, 2005, a total of 318,909,090 common shares were outstanding, including 46,715,505 common shares represented by ADSs.

 

Trading

 

The Chilean stock market, which is regulated by the SVS under Law 18,045 of October 22, 1981, as amended, which we refer to as the “Securities Market Law”, is one of the most developed among emerging markets,

 

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reflecting the particular economic history and development of Chile. The Chilean government’s policy of privatizing state-owned companies, implemented during the 1980s, led to an expansion of private ownership of shares, resulting in an increase in the importance of stock markets. Privatization extended to the social security system, which was converted into a privately managed pension fund system. These pension funds have been allowed, subject to certain limitations, to invest in stocks and are currently major investors in the stock market. Some market participants, including pension fund administrators, are highly regulated with respect to investment and remuneration criteria, but the general market is less regulated than the U.S. market with respect to disclosure requirements and information usage.

 

The Santiago Stock Exchange is Chile’s principal exchange and accounts for approximately 82.6% of securities traded in Chile. Approximately 17.3% of equity trading is conducted on the Chilean Electronic Stock Exchange, an electronic trading market created by banks and non-member brokerage houses. The remaining equity trading is conducted on the Valparaíso Stock Exchange.

 

Equities, closed-end funds, fixed-income securities, short-term and money market securities, gold and U.S. dollars are traded on the Santiago Stock Exchange. In 1991, the Santiago Stock Exchange initiated a futures market with two instruments: U.S. dollar futures and Selective Shares Price Index, or IPSA, futures. Securities are traded primarily through an open voice auction system, a firm offers system or the daily auction. Trading through the open voice system occurs on each business day between 9:30 a.m. to 4:30 p.m. The Santiago Stock Exchange has an electronic system of trade, called Telepregón, which operates continuously for stocks trading in high volumes from 9:30 a.m. to 4:30 p.m. The Chilean Electronic Stock Exchange operates continuously from 9:30 a.m. to 4:30 p.m. (or 5:30 p.m., depending on the period of the year) on each business day. In February 2000, the Santiago Stock Exchange Off-Shore Market began operations. In the Off-Shore Market, publicly offered foreign securities are traded and quoted in United States dollars.

 

ITEM 10. ADDITIONAL INFORMATION

 

Memorandum and Articles of Association

 

Set forth below is information concerning our share capital and a brief summary of certain significant provisions of our by-laws and Chilean law. This description contains all material information concerning the common shares but does not purport to be complete and is qualified in its entirety by reference to our by-laws, the Chilean Corporation Law and the Securities Market Law, each referred to below. For additional information regarding the common shares, reference is made to our by-laws, a copy of which are included as Exhibit 1.1 to this annual report on Form 20-F.

 

Organization and Register

 

Lan Airlines is a publicly-held stock corporation (sociedad anónima abierta) incorporated under the laws of Chile. Lan Airlines was incorporated by a public deed dated December 30, 1983, an abstract of which was published in the Chilean Gazette (Diario Oficial de la República de Chile) No. 31.759 on December 31, 1983, and registered on page 20,341, No. 11,248 of the Chilean Real Estate and Commercial Registrar (Registro de Comercio del Conservador de Bienes Raices y Comercio de Santiago) for the year 1983. Our corporate purpose, as stated in our by-laws, is to provide a broad range of transportation and related services, as more fully set forth in Article Four thereof.

 

General

 

Shareholders’ rights in a Chilean company are generally governed by the company’s by-laws. Article 22 of the Chilean Corporation Law states that the purchaser of shares of a company implicitly accepts its by-laws and any agreements adopted at shareholders’ meetings. Additionally, the Chilean Corporation Law regulates the government and operation of corporations (“sociedades anónimas”, or S.A.) and provides for certain shareholder rights. Article 137 of the Chilean Corporation Law provides that the provisions of the Chilean Corporation Law take precedence

 

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over any contrary provision in a corporation’s by-laws. The Chilean Corporation Law and our by-laws also provide that all disputes arising among shareholders in their capacity as such or between us or our administrators and the shareholders may either be submitted to arbitration in Chile or to the courts of Chile at the election of the plaintiff initiating the action. Finally, Decree-Law 3500, which allows pension funds to invest in the stock of qualified corporations, indirectly affects corporate governance and prescribes certain rights of shareholders. The Chilean Corporation Law sets forth the rules and requirements for establishing publicly held corporations. Article 2 of the Chilean Corporation Law defines publicly held corporations as corporations:

 

    with 500 or more shareholders;

 

    in which 100 or more shareholders own at least 10% of the subscribed capital (excluding any direct or indirect individual holdings exceeding 10%); and

 

    which have voluntary registered their shares in the Security Register of the SVS.

 

The framework of the Chilean securities market is regulated by the Chilean exchange entity, the SVS, under the Securities Market Law and the Chilean Corporation Law, which imposes certain disclosure requirements, restricts insider trading, prohibits price manipulation and protects minority investors. Both the Chilean Corporation Law and the Securities Market Law state rules and requirements for establishing publicly held corporations. In particular, the Securities Market Law establishes requirements for public offerings, stock exchanges and brokers and outlines disclosure requirements for corporations that issue publicly offered securities.

 

Ownership Restrictions

 

Under Article 12 of the Securities Market Law and Circular 585 of the SVS, certain information regarding transactions in shares of publicly held corporations must be reported to the SVS and the Chilean stock exchanges on which the shares are listed. Since the ADRs are deemed to represent the shares underlying the ADSs, transactions in ADRs will be subject to those reporting requirements. Among other matters, beneficial owners of ADSs will be required to report to the SVS and the Chilean stock exchanges within two stock exchange business days:

 

    any direct or indirect acquisition or sale of shares that results in the holder’s acquiring or disposing, directly or indirectly, of 10% or more of the corporation’s total subscribed shares; and

 

    any direct or indirect acquisition or sale of shares or options to buy or sell shares, in any amount, if made by a holder of 10% or more of a publicly held corporation’s total subscribed shares, or if made by a director, liquidator, principal officer, general manager or manager of such corporation.

 

In addition, majority shareholders must state in their report whether their purpose is to acquire control of the company or if they are making a financial investment.

 

Under Article 54 of the Securities Market Law and under SVS regulations, persons or entities that intend to acquire control, whether directly or indirectly, of a publicly traded company, must follow certain notice requirements, regardless of the acquisition vehicle or procedure or whether the acquisition will be made through direct subscriptions or private transactions. The potential acquiror must first send a written communication to the target corporation, any companies controlling or controlled by the target corporation, the SVS and the Chilean stock exchanges on which the securities are listed, stating, among other things, the person or entity purchasing or selling and the price and conditions of any negotiations.

 

The potential acquiror must also inform the public of its planned acquisition at least ten business days prior to the date on which the transaction is to close, and in any event, as soon as negotiations regarding the change of control begin (i.e., when information and documents concerning the target are delivered to the potential acquiror). Notice is made through a filing with the SVS, the relevant Chilean stock exchanges and any companies controlling or controlled by the target corporation and through a notice published in two Chilean newspapers, and must also state, among other things, the person or entity purchasing or selling and the price and conditions of any negotiations.

 

In addition to the foregoing, Article 54A of the Securities Market Law requires that within two business days of the completion of the transactions pursuant to which a person has acquired control of a publicly traded company, a notice shall be published in the same newspapers in which the notice referred to above was published and notices shall be sent to the same persons mentioned in the preceding paragraphs.

 

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A beneficial owner of ADSs intending to acquire control of Lan Airlines will be subject to the foregoing reporting requirements.

 

The provisions of the aforementioned articles do not apply whenever the acquisition is being made through a tender or exchange offer.

 

Title XXV of the Securities Market Law on tender offers and SVS regulations provide that the following transactions shall be carried out through a tender offer:

 

    An offer which allows a person to take control of a publicly traded company, unless the shares are being sold by a controlling shareholder of such company at a price in cash which is not substantially higher than the market price and the shares of such company are actively traded on a stock exchange;

 

    An offer for all the outstanding shares of a publicly traded company upon acquiring two thirds or more of its voting shares (this offer must be made at a price not lower than the price at which appraisal rights may be exercised, that is, book value if the shares of the company are not actively traded or, if the shares of the company are actively traded, the weighted average price at which the stock has been traded during the two months immediately preceding the acquisition); and

 

    An offer for a controlling percentage of the shares of a listed operating company if such person intends to take control of the company (whether listed or not) controlling such operating company, to the extent that the operating company represents 75.0% or more of the consolidated net worth of the holding company.

 

Article 200 of the Securities Market Law prohibits any shareholder that has taken control of a publicly traded company from acquiring, for a period of 12 months from the date of the transaction that granted it control of the publicly traded company, a number of shares equal to or higher than 3.0% of the outstanding issued shares of the target without making a tender offer at a price per share not lower than the price paid at the time of taking control. Should the acquisition from the other shareholders of the company be made on the floor of a stock exchange and on a pro rata basis, the controlling shareholder may purchase a higher percentage of shares, if so permitted by the regulations of the stock exchange.

 

Title XV of the Securities Market Law sets forth the basis for determining what constitutes a controlling power, a direct holding and a related party.

 

Capitalization

 

Under Chilean law, the shareholders of a company, acting at an extraordinary shareholders’ meeting, have the power to authorize an increase in the company’s share capital. When an investor subscribes for issued shares, the shares are registered in that investor’s name, even without payment therefor, and the investor is treated as a shareholder for all purposes except with regard to receipt of dividends and return of capital. The investor becomes eligible to receive dividends once it has paid for the shares, or, if it has paid for only a portion of such shares, it is entitled to receive a corresponding pro rata portion of the dividends declared with respect to such shares, unless the company’s by-laws provide otherwise. If an investor does not pay for shares for which it has subscribed on or prior to the date agreed upon for payment, the company is entitled under Chilean law to auction the shares on the appropriate stock exchange, and it has a cause of action against the investor to recover the difference between the subscription price and the price received for the sale of those shares at auction. However, until such shares are sold at auction, the investor continues to exercise all the rights of a shareholder (except the right to receive dividends and return of capital). Shares issued but not paid for within the period determined by the extraordinary shareholders’ meeting for their payment (which in any case cannot exceed three years from the date of such shareholders’ meeting which authorizes the increase in capital) will be canceled and will no longer be available for issuance by us. Fully paid shares are not subject to further calls or assessments or to liabilities of Lan Airlines.

 

At May 31, 2005, our share capital consisted of 318,909,090 common shares, all of which were subscribed and fully paid. Chilean law recognizes the right to issue common and preferred shares. To date, we have issued and are authorized by our shareholders to issue only common shares.

 

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Preemptive Rights and Increases in Share Capital

 

The Chilean Corporation Law requires Chilean companies to offer existing shareholders the right to purchase a sufficient number of shares to maintain their existing percentage of ownership in a company whenever that company issues new shares for cash. Under this requirement, any preemptive rights will be offered by us to the depositary as the registered owner of the common shares underlying the ADSs, but holders of ADSs and shareholders located in the United States will not be allowed to exercise preemptive rights with respect to new issuances of shares by us unless a registration statement under the Securities Act is effective with respect to those common shares or an exemption from the registration requirements thereunder is available.

 

Under the procedures established by the Central Bank of Chile, a Chilean company with an existing ADR program under Chapter XXVI of the Compendium of Foreign Exchange Regulations of the Central Bank of Chile may apply to amend its foreign investment contract with such Bank so as to extend the benefits of such contract to new shares issued pursuant to preemptive rights offerings to existing ADS owners and enable them to exercise their preemptive rights. Although approval is expected to be granted upon satisfaction of certain formal requirements, any such amendment (which will be deemed to incorporate all laws and regulations applicable to international offerings in effect as of date of the amendment) will be reviewed by the Central Bank of Chile on a case-by-case basis. These procedures are expected to make it easier for Chilean companies to offer preemptive rights to ADS holders in connection with capital increases.

 

We intend to evaluate at the time of any preemptive rights offering the costs and potential liabilities associated with the preparation and filing of a registration statement with the Commission, as well as the indirect benefits of enabling the exercise by the holders of ADSs and shareholders located in the United States of preemptive rights and any other factors we consider appropriate at the time. No assurances can be given that any registration statement would be filed. If preemptive rights are not made available to ADS holders, the depositary may sell those holders’ preemptive rights and distribute the proceeds thereof if a secondary market for such rights exists and a premium can be recognized over the cost of such sale. See “Description of American Depositary Receipts—Dividends, Other Distributions and Rights”. In the event that the depositary does not sell such rights at a premium over the cost of any such sale, all or certain holders of ADRs may receive no value for the preemptive rights. The inability of holders of ADSs to exercise preemptive rights in respect of common shares underlying their ADSs could result in a change in their percentage ownership of common shares following a preemptive rights offering.

 

Under Chilean law, preemptive rights are exercisable or freely transferable by shareholders during a 30-day period commencing upon publication of the official notice announcing the start of the preemptive rights period in the newspaper designated by the shareholders. The preemptive right of the shareholders is the pro rata amount of the shares registered in their name in the shareholders’ registry as of the fifth business day prior to the date of publication of the notice announcing the start of the preemptive rights period. During such 30-day period (except for shares as to which preemptive rights have been waived), Chilean companies are not permitted to offer any newly issued common shares for sale to third parties. For an additional 30-day period, Chilean publicly held corporations are not permitted to offer any unsubscribed common shares for sale to third parties on terms that are more favorable to the purchaser than those offered to shareholders. At the end of such additional 30-day period, Chilean publicly held corporations are authorized to sell non-subscribed shares to third parties on any terms, provided they are sold on a Chilean stock exchange.

 

Directors

 

Our by-laws provide for a board of nine directors. Compensation to be paid to directors must be approved by vote at the annual shareholders’ meeting. We hold elections for all positions on the board of directors every two years.

 

Under the Chilean Corporation Law, transactions in which a director is materially interested (including a transaction in which a director proposes to borrow from the company) must be conducted on an arm’s-length basis and must satisfy certain disclosure requirements. These transactions include transactions involving a director’s spouse or close relatives, transactions involving other companies on whose board such director also serves or transactions with other companies where the director controls 10% of such company (directly or indirectly). Corporations may enter into transactions in which a director is materially interested if the transaction has been

 

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approved by the board of directors (which must be disclosed at the next shareholders’ meeting) and is consistent with standards of fairness similar to those that normally prevail in the market. Transactions which do not meet these conditions are valid and enforceable, but each director who approved the transaction is jointly and severally liable for damages suffered by the company, the shareholders or any interested third parties, and the director who directly or indirectly benefits from the transaction must pay all benefits received from such transaction to the corporation. The directors are also subject to fines and administrative sanctions.

 

Whenever a transaction in which a director is materially interested exceeds 1% of the net worth of the company and exceeds the equivalent of 2,000 UF (approximately US$60,000 as of the date of this annual report) or whenever such a transaction exceeds 20,000 UF, the board of directors of the company must determine whether the transaction complies with arm-length’s conditions similar to those prevailing in the market. If the board of directors is unable to determine those conditions, the board, without the vote of the interested director, may approve or reject the transaction or may appoint two independent experts to provide an opinion. The experts’ reports must indicate the terms of the transaction and in the case of non-cash assets, must indicate the planned method of payment. Experts’ valuation reports must be made available to the shareholders and to the board of directors for a period of 20 business days. The board of directors may decide to approve or reject the proposed transaction only after this 20-day period has expired. If shareholders representing 5% of the voting shares determine, within the 20-day period, that the transaction is not favorable to the corporation’s interests or that the reports of the experts are substantially different, those shareholders may require the board of directors to call an extraordinary shareholders’ meeting. Approval of the transaction then requires the affirmative vote of two-thirds of the voting shares of the company.

 

Shareholders’ Meetings and Voting Rights

 

The Chilean Corporation Law requires that an ordinary annual meeting of shareholders be held within the first four months of each year (generally they are held in April, but in any case following the preparation of our financial statements, including the report of our auditors, for the previous fiscal year). Lan Airlines’ by-laws further provide that the ordinary annual meeting of shareholders must take place between February 1 and April 30. The shareholders at the ordinary annual meeting approve the annual financial statements, including the report of our auditors, the annual report, the dividend policy and the final dividend on the prior year’s profits, elect the board of directors (in our case, every two years or earlier if a vacancy occurs) and approve any other matter that does not require an extraordinary shareholders’ meeting. The most recent ordinary annual meeting of our shareholders was held on April 29, 2004. Extraordinary shareholders’ meetings may be called by the board of directors, if deemed appropriate, and ordinary or extraordinary shareholders’ meetings must be called by the board of directors when requested by shareholders representing at least 10% of the issued voting shares or by the SVS.

 

Notice to convene the ordinary annual meeting or an extraordinary meeting is given by means of three notices which must be published in a newspaper of our corporate domicile (currently Santiago de Chile) designated by the shareholders at their annual meeting and, if the shareholders fail to make such designation, the notice must be published in the Official Journal pursuant to legal requirements. The first notice must be published not less than 15 days and not more than 20 days in advance of the scheduled meeting. Notice also must be mailed not less than 15 days in advance of the meeting to each shareholder and to the SVS and the Chilean stock exchanges. Currently, we publish our official notice in the newspaper La Tercera.

 

The quorum for a shareholders’ meeting is established by the presence, in person or by proxy, of shareholders representing a majority of our issued common shares. If a quorum is not present, the meeting can be reconvened, and at a second meeting the shareholders present are deemed to constitute a quorum regardless of the percentage of the common shares that they represent.

 

Only shareholders registered with us on the fifth business day prior to the date of a meeting are entitled to attend and vote their shares. A shareholder may appoint another individual (who need not be a shareholder) as his proxy to attend and vote on his behalf. Proxies addressed to us that do not designate a person to exercise the proxy are taken into account in order to determine if there is a sufficient quorum to hold the meeting, but the shares represented thereby are not entitled to vote at the meeting. Every shareholder entitled to attend and vote at a shareholders’ meeting has one vote for every share subscribed.

 

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The following matters can only be considered at an extraordinary shareholders’ meeting:

 

    our dissolution;

 

    a merger, transformation, division or other change in our corporate form or the amendment of our by-laws;

 

    the issuance of bonds or debentures convertible into shares;

 

    the conveyance of 50% or more of our assets or 50% or more of our liabilities;

 

    granting of a security interest or a personal guarantee, unless to secure or guarantee the obligations of a subsidiary, in which case only the approval of the board of directors will suffice; and

 

    other matters that require shareholder approval according to Chilean law or the by-laws.

 

The matters referred to in the first four items listed above may only be approved at a meeting held before a notary public, who shall certify that the minutes are a true record of the events and resolutions of the meeting.

 

The by-laws establish that resolutions are passed at shareholders’ meetings by the affirmative vote of an absolute majority of those voting shares present or represented at the meeting. However, under the Chilean Corporation Law, the vote of a two-thirds majority of the outstanding voting shares is required to approve any of the following actions:

 

    a change in our corporate form, division or merger with another entity;

 

    amendment to our term of existence, if any;

 

    our early dissolution;

 

    change in our corporate domicile;

 

    decrease of our capital stock;

 

    approval of contributions and the assessment thereof whenever consisting of assets other than money;

 

    any modification of the authority reserved for the shareholders’ meetings or limitations on the powers of the board of directors;

 

    decrease in the number of members of the board of directors;

 

    the conveyance of 50% or more our assets, either including or not including our liabilities, or the submittal of, or changes to, any business plan that contemplates the conveyance of assets in an amount that exceeds the percentage mentioned above;

 

    the form that dividends are paid in;

 

    granting a security interest or a personal guarantee that exceeds 50% of our assets, unless to secure or guarantee the obligations of a subsidiary, in which case only approval of the board of directors will suffice;

 

    the acquisition of our own shares, when, and on the terms and conditions, permitted by law;

 

    all other matters provided for in the by-laws; and

 

    the correction of any formal defect in our incorporation or any amendment to our by-laws that refers to any of the matters indicated in the first thirteen items listed above.

 

Amendments to the by-laws that have the effect of establishing, modifying or eliminating any special rights pertaining to any series of shares require the consenting vote of holders of two-thirds of the shares of the affected series.

 

In general, Chilean law does not require a publicly held corporation to provide the level and type of information that the U.S. securities laws require a reporting company to provide to its shareholders in connection with a solicitation of proxies. However, shareholders are entitled to examine the books of the company within the 15-day period before the scheduled meeting. No later than the first notice summoning an ordinary shareholder’s meeting, the board of directors of a publicly held corporation shall send to every shareholder a copy of the annual report and the financial statements of the company. However, the SVS may authorize companies that have a large number of shareholders to limit the sending of such documents only to those shareholders who have a number of shares exceeding a certain number, and, in any case, to any shareholder that has required of the company such sending. Shareholders who do not fall into this category but who request it must be sent a copy of our annual report.

 

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In addition to these requirements, we regularly have provided, and currently intend to continue to provide, together with the notice of shareholders’ meeting, a proposal for the final annual dividend for shareholder approval. See “—Dividend and Liquidation Rights”.

 

The Chilean Corporation Law provides that, whenever shareholders representing 10% or more of the issued voting shares so request, a Chilean company’s annual report must include such shareholders’ comments and proposal in relation to the company’s affairs. Similarly, the Chilean Corporation Law provides that whenever the board of directors of a publicly held corporation convenes an ordinary meeting of the shareholders and solicits proxies for that meeting, or distributes information supporting its decisions or other similar material, it is obligated to include as an annex to its annual report any pertinent comments and proposals that may have been made by shareholders owning 10% or more of the company’s voting shares who have requested that such comments and proposals be included.

 

Dividend and Liquidation Rights

 

In accordance with Chilean Law, Lan Airlines must distribute an annual cash dividend equal to at least 30% of its annual net income calculated in accordance with Chilean GAAP, unless otherwise decided by a unanimous vote of the holders of all issued shares, and unless and except to the extent it has accumulated losses. If there is no net income in a given year, Lan Airlines can elect but is not legally obligated to distribute dividends out of retained earnings. All outstanding common shares are entitled to share equally in all dividends declared by Lan Airlines. See “Dividends”.

 

Lan Airlines may grant an option to its shareholders to receive any dividend in excess of 30% of net income in cash, in its own shares or in shares of publicly held corporations held by it. Shareholders who do not expressly elect to receive a dividend other than in cash are legally presumed to have decided to receive the dividend in cash. A U.S. holder of ADSs may, in the absence of an effective registration statement under the Securities Act or an available exemption from the registration requirement thereunder, effectively be required to receive a dividend in cash. See “—Preemptive Rights and Increases of Share Capital”.

 

Dividends that are declared but not paid within the appropriate time period set forth in the Chilean Corporation Law (as to minimum dividends, 30 days after declaration; as to additional dividends, the date set for payment at the time of declaration) are adjusted to reflect the change in the value of the UF. The UF is a daily indexed, Chilean peso-denominated accounting unit designed to discount the effect of Chilean inflation and it is based on the previous month’s inflation rate as officially determined. Such dividends also accrue interest at the then-prevailing rate for UF-denominated deposits during such period. The right to receive a dividend lapses if it is not claimed within five years from the date such dividend is payable.

 

In the event of Lan Airlines’ liquidation, the holders of fully paid common shares would participate pro rata in the distribution of assets remaining after payment of all creditors. Holders of shares not fully paid will participate in such distribution in proportion to the amount paid.

 

Approval of Financial Statements

 

The board of directors is required to submit our consolidated financial statements to the shareholders for their approval at the annual ordinary shareholders’ meeting. If the shareholders reject the financial statements, the board of directors must submit new financial statements not later than 60 days from the date of that meeting. If the shareholders reject the new financial statements, the entire board of directors is deemed removed from office and a new board is elected at the same meeting. Directors who approved such financial statements are disqualified for re-election for the ensuing period.

 

Right of Dissenting Shareholders to Tender Their Shares

 

The Chilean Corporation Law provides that, upon the adoption at an extraordinary meeting of shareholders of any of the resolutions enumerated below, dissenting shareholders acquire the right to withdraw and to compel the company to repurchase their shares, subject to the fulfillment of certain terms and conditions. However, such right

 

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shall be suspended if we are declared bankrupt or are subject to a creditor’s agreement pursuant to Title XII of the Chilean Bankruptcy Law. In the case of holders of ADRs, however, in order to exercise such rights, holders of ADRs would be required to first withdraw the common shares represented by the ADRs pursuant to the terms of the deposit agreement. Such holders of ADRs would need to perfect the withdrawal of the common shares on or before the fifth business day prior to the date of the meeting.

 

“Dissenting shareholders” are defined as those who attend a shareholders’ meeting and vote against a resolution which results in the withdrawal right, or, if absent at such a meeting, those who state in writing to the company their opposition to such resolution within the following 30 days. Dissenting shareholders must perfect their withdrawal rights by tendering their stock to the company within 30 days after adoption of the resolution.

 

The price paid to a dissenting shareholder of a publicly held corporation is the weighted average of the sales prices for the shares as reported on the Chilean stock exchanges on which the shares are quoted for the two-month period preceding the event giving rise to the withdrawal right. If, because of the volume, frequency, number and diversity of the buyers and sellers, the SVS determines that the shares are not shares actively traded on a stock exchange (acciones de transaccion bursatil), the price paid to the dissenting shareholder is the book value. Book value for this purpose equals paid capital plus reserves and profits, less losses, divided by the total number of subscribed shares (whether entirely or partially paid). For the purpose of making this calculation, the last annual balance sheet is used and adjusted to reflect inflation up to the date of the shareholders’ meeting that gave rise to the withdrawal right.

 

The resolutions that result in a shareholder’s right to withdraw are the following:

 

    the transformation of the company into an entity that is not a publicly held corporation governed by the Chilean Corporation Law;

 

    the merger of the company with or into another company;

 

    the conveyance of 50% or more of the assets of the company, whether or not such sale includes the company’s liabilities;

 

    the creation of preferential rights for a class of shares or an amendment to those already existing, in which case the right to withdraw only accrues to the dissenting shareholders of the class or classes of shares adversely affected;

 

    the correction of any formal defect in the incorporation of the company or any amendment to the company’s by-laws that grants the right to withdraw;

 

    the granting of security interests or personal guarantees to secure or guarantee third parties’ obligations exceeding 50% of the company’s assets, except with regard to subsidiaries;

 

    resolutions of the shareholders’ meeting approving the deregistration of the company from the Securities Registry of the SVS; and

 

    such other causes as may be established by the company’s by-laws (no such additional resolutions currently are specified in our by-laws).

 

In addition, shareholders of publicly held corporations have the right to withdraw if a person acquires two-thirds or more of the outstanding shares of such corporation and does not make a tender offer for the remaining shares within 30 days after acquisition.

 

Under Article 69(bis) of the Chilean Corporation Law, the right to withdraw also is granted to shareholders (other than pension funds that administer private pension plans under the national pension law), under certain terms and conditions, if a company were to become controlled by the Chilean government, directly or through any of its agencies, and if two independent rating agencies downgrade the rating of its stock from first class because of certain actions specified in Article 69(bis) undertaken by the company or the Chilean government that affect negatively and substantially the earnings of the company. Shareholders must perfect their withdrawal rights by tendering their shares to the company within 30 days of the date of the publication of the new rating by two independent rating agencies. If the withdrawal right is exercised by a shareholder invoking Article 69(bis), the price paid to the dissenting shareholder shall be the weighted average of the sales price for the shares as reported on the stock exchanges on which the company’s shares are quoted for the six-month period preceding the publication of the new rating by two independent rating agencies. If, as previously described, the SVS determines that the shares are not actively traded on a stock exchange, the price shall be the book value calculated as described above.

 

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There is no legal precedent as to whether a shareholder that has voted both for and against a proposal (such as the depositary) may exercise withdrawal rights with respect to the shares voted against the proposal. As such, there is doubt as to whether holders of ADRs who have not surrendered their ADRs and withdrawn common shares on or before the fifth business day prior to the shareholder meeting will be able to exercise withdrawal rights either directly or through the depositary with respect to the shares represented by ADRs. Under the provisions of the deposit agreement the depositary will not exercise these withdrawal rights.

 

Registration and Transfers

 

The Depósito Central de Valores, or the DCV, acts as Lan Airlines’ registration agent. In the case of jointly owned common shares, an attorney-in-fact must be appointed to represent the joint owners in dealings with us.

 

Material Contracts

 

In 1998, we entered into a purchase agreement with Airbus Industrie for acquisition of 20 Airbus A320 aircraft, followed by an additional contract for seven Airbus A340s that we entered into in 1999. Both contracts provide us with the option of purchasing additional aircraft in the future. As of December 31, 2003, we have taken delivery of 14 Airbus A320s, and four Airbus A340s and two Airbus A319s. Given the flexibility incorporated into these contracts, we have extended the delivery dates for some of the remaining aircraft until 2008. Additionally, we have changed our remaining short-haul aircraft order from the Airbus A320 model to the Airbus A319 model. The remaining estimated value of the Airbus aircraft for which we have firm commitments to take delivery under the contract is approximately US$500 million.

 

We have also recently agreed to purchase a total of six Boeing 767-300ER passenger aircraft and six Boeing 767-300F aircraft. Delivery of these aircraft is scheduled to take place between July 2005 and October 2008. We have the option to convert some of the orders from the passenger version to the freighter version or vice versa with certain anticipation. The estimated gross value (at list prices) of the Boeing aircraft for which we have firm commitments to take delivery under these contracts is approximately US$1.5 billion.

 

For more information, see “Information on the Company—Fleet—Fleet Leasing and Financing Arrangements” under Item 4.

 

Foreign Investment and Exchange Controls in Chile

 

The Central Bank of Chile is responsible, among other things, for monetary policies and exchange controls in Chile. Equity investments, including investments in shares of stock by persons who are non-Chilean residents, are generally subject to various exchange control regulations restricting the repatriation of their investments and the earnings thereon.

 

On April 16, 2001, the Central Bank of Chile agreed that, effective April 19, 2001:

 

    prior foreign exchange restrictions would be eliminated: and

 

    a new Compendium of Foreign Exchange Regulations (Compendio de Normas de Cambios Internacionales) would be applied.

 

The main objective of these amendments, as declared by the Central Bank of Chile, is to facilitate movement of capital in and out of Chile and to encourage foreign investment.

 

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In connection with the change in policy, the Central Bank of Chile eliminated the following restrictions:

 

    a reserve requirement with the Central Bank of Chile for a period of one year (this mandatory reserve was imposed on foreign loans and funds brought into Chile to purchase shares other than those acquired in the establishment of a new company or in the capital increase of the issuing company; the reserve requirement was gradually decreased from 30% of the proposed investment to 0%);

 

    the requirement of prior approval by the Central Bank of Chile for certain operations;

 

    mandatory return of foreign currencies to Chile; and

 

    mandatory conversion of foreign currencies into Chilean pesos.

 

Under the new regulations, only the following limitations apply to these operations:

 

    the Central Bank of Chile must be provided with information related to certain operations; and

 

    certain operations must be conducted with the Formal Exchange Market.

 

The Central Bank of Chile also eliminated Chapter XXVI of the Compendium of Foreign Exchange Regulations, which regulated the establishment of an ADR facility by a Chilean company. Pursuant to the new rules, it is no longer necessary to seek the Central Bank of Chile’s prior approval in order to establish an ADR facility nor to enter into a foreign investment contract with the Central Bank of Chile. The establishment of an ADR facility is now regarded as an ordinary foreign investment, and simply requires that the Central Bank of Chile be informed of the transaction pursuant to Chapter XIV of the Compendium of Foreign Exchange Regulations and that the transaction be conducted exclusively through the Formal Exchange Market.

 

According to Chapter XIV of the Compendium of Foreign Exchange Regulations, if the funds to purchase the common shares underlying the ADSs are brought into Chile, the depositary, on behalf of foreign investors, must deliver to the entity of the Formal Exchange Market participating in the transaction an annex providing information about the transaction, together with a letter instructing such participant to deliver the foreign currency or the peso equivalent thereof, on or before the date on which the foreign currency is brought into Chile. If foreign investors do not bring the funds to purchase the common shares underlying the ADSs into Chile, the depositary, on behalf of the foreign investors, must provide the same information to the Central Bank of Chile directly or through an entity of the Formal Exchange Market within 10 days following the date on which the payment was made. Repatriation of amounts received with respect to deposited common shares or common shares withdrawn from deposit on surrender of ADRs (including amounts received as cash dividends and proceeds from the sale in Chile of the underlying common shares and any rights arising from them) must be made through the Formal Exchange Market. The entity of the Formal Exchange Market participating in the repatriation must provide certain information to the Central Bank of Chile on the next banking business day. In the event the payments are made outside of Chile, foreign investors must provide the relevant information to the Central Bank of Chile directly through an entity of the Formal Exchange Market within ten days following the date on which the payment was made.

 

Under Chapter XIV of the Compendium of the Foreign Exchange Regulations of the Central Bank of Chile, payments and remittances of funds from Chile are governed by the rules in effect at the time payment or remittance is made. Therefore, any change made to Chilean laws and regulations after the date hereof may affect foreign investors who have acquired ADSs. We cannot assure you that new regulations of the Central Bank of Chile or legislative changes to the current foreign exchange control regime in Chile will not affect our ability to remit foreign currency to make the relevant payments. For example, until June 26, 1998, the Compendium of Foreign Exchange Regulations required foreign investors acquiring shares or securities in Chile to maintain a mandatory reserve for one year in the form of an encaje, a non-interest bearing U.S. deposit with the Central Bank of Chile in an amount equal to 30% of the proposed investment. Alternatively, foreign investors could satisfy the reserve requirement by paying the Central Bank of Chile a non-refundable amount determined based on the amount that such investors would have had to deposit. On June 26, 1998, the mandatory reserve was reduced to 10%, and on September 17, 1998, it was reduced to 0%. Despite this reduction in the encaje, the Central Bank of Chile may reinstate the reserve at any time in an amount up to 40% of the proposed investment, and we cannot guarantee that the Central Bank of Chile will not do so. However, under current Chilean law, any reinstatement would apply only to those investments for which proceeds have been made available to foreign investors subsequent to the time of such reinstatement.

 

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The ADSs representing common shares of Lan Airlines offered under our November 6, 1997 initial public offering are subject to our Foreign Investment Contract, which guarantees ADS investors under our initial public offering access to the Formal Exchange Market to convert amounts from Chilean pesos into U.S. dollars and repatriate amounts received with respect to deposited common shares or common shares withdrawn from deposit or surrender of ADRs (including amounts received as cash dividends and proceeds from the sale in Chile of the underlying common shares and any rights arising from them). The guarantee of access to the Formal Exchange Market under the Foreign Investment Contract would be extended to the participants in an ADS offering if the following requirements are met:

 

    the funds to purchase the common shares underlying the ADSs are brought into Chile and converted into Chilean pesos through the Formal Exchange Market;

 

    the purchase of the underlying common shares is made on a Chilean stock exchange; and

 

    within five business days from conversion of the funds into Chilean pesos, the Central Bank of Chile is informed that the conversion funds were used to purchase the underlying common shares.

 

The following is a summary of material provisions of the Foreign Investment Contract, a form of which was filed as an exhibit to the registration statement on Form F-1 (File No. 333-7750) that we filed on October 10, 1997 in connection with our November 6, 1997 offering. This summary is not complete and is qualified in its entirety by reference to Chapter XXVI and the Foreign Investment Contract.

 

Under Chapter XXVI and the Foreign Investment Contract, the Central Bank of Chile agreed to grant to the depositary, on behalf of ADR holders, and to any investor not residing or domiciled in Chile who withdraws common shares upon surrender of ADRs, access to the Formal Exchange Market to convert Chilean pesos into U.S. dollars (and to remit those dollars outside Chile) in respect of common shares represented by ADSs or withdrawn shares, including amounts received as:

 

    cash dividends;

 

    proceeds from the sale in Chile of withdrawn shares or from shares distributed as a result of a liquidation, merger or consolidation of Lan Airlines (subject to receipt by the Central Bank of Chile of a certificate from the holder of the withdrawn shares or the distributed shares (or from an institution authorized by the Central Bank of Chile) that the holder’s residence and domicile are outside of Chile, and a certificate from a Chilean stock exchange (or from a brokerage or securities firm established in Chile) that the withdrawn shares or the distributed shares were sold on a Chilean stock exchange);

 

    proceeds from the sale in Chile of preemptive rights to subscribe for additional common shares;

 

    proceeds from the liquidation, merger or consolidation of Lan Airlines;

 

    proceeds from the sale in Chile of common shares received as a dividend; and

 

    other distributions, including those in respect of any recapitalization resulting from holding common shares represented by ADSs or withdrawn shares.

 

Chapter XXVI provides that access to the Formal Exchange Market in connection with dividend payments is conditioned on our certifying to the Central Bank of Chile that a dividend payment has been made and that any applicable tax has been withheld. We agreed to provide this certification. Chapter XXVI also provides that access to the Formal Exchange Market in connection with the sale of withdrawn shares, or distribution on them, is conditioned upon receipt by the Central Bank of Chile of a certification by the depositary or custodian, as the case may be, that the common shares have been withdrawn in exchange for delivery of the appropriate ADRs and receipt of a waiver of the benefit of the Foreign Investment Contract with respect to them (except in connection with the proposed sale of the common shares) until the withdrawn shares are redeposited.

 

Chapter XXVI and the Foreign Investment Contract provide that a person who brings foreign currency into Chile to purchase common shares pursuant to the Foreign Investment Contract must convert that foreign currency into Chilean pesos on the date of entry into Chile, and must invest in common shares within five banking business days in order to receive the benefits of the Foreign Investment Contract. If a person does not invest in common shares within that period, that person can access the Formal Exchange Market to reacquire foreign currency, provided that the request is presented to the Central Bank of Chile within seven banking business days of the initial conversion into pesos. Common shares acquired as described above may be deposited in exchange for ADRs and will receive the benefits of the Foreign Investment Contract, subject to:

 

    receipt by the Central Bank of Chile of a certificate from the depositary that the common shares have been deposited and that the related ADRs have been issued; and

 

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    receipt by the custodian of a declaration from the person making the deposit waiving the benefits of the Foreign Investment Contract with respect to the deposited common shares.

 

Access to the Formal Exchange Market under any of the circumstances described above is not automatic. Pursuant to Chapter XXVI, such access required approval of the Central Bank of Chile based on a request presented through a banking institution established in Chile. The Foreign Investment Contract provides that if the Central Bank of Chile has not acted on the request within seven banking days, the request is deemed approved.

 

Under current Chilean law, the Foreign Investment Contract cannot be changed unilaterally by the Central Bank of Chile. No assurance can be given, however, that additional Chilean restrictions applicable to the holders of ADRs, the disposition of underlying common shares or the repatriation of proceeds from their disposition will not be imposed in the future, nor can there be any assessment of the duration of impact of any restrictions that might be imposed.

 

Voting Rights

 

Holders of our common shares may instruct the depositary to vote the shares underlying theirs ADRs. If we ask holders for instructions, the depositary will notify such holders of the upcoming vote and arrange to deliver our voting materials to such holders. The materials will describe the matters to be voted on and explain how holders may instruct the depositary to vote the shares or other deposited securities underlying their ADSs as they direct by a specified date. For instructions to be valid, the depositary must receive them on or before the date specified. The depositary will try, as far as practical, subject to Chilean law and the provisions of our by-laws, to vote or to have its agents vote the shares or other deposited securities as holders instruct. Otherwise, holders will not be able to exercise their right to vote unless they withdraw the shares. However, holders may not know about the meeting far enough in advance to withdraw the shares. We will use our best efforts to request that the depositary notify holders of upcoming votes and ask for their instructions.

 

If the depositary does not receive voting instructions from a holder by the specified date, it will consider such holder to have authorized and directed it to give a discretionary proxy to a person designated by our board of directors to vote the number of deposited securities represented by such holder’s ADSs. The depositary will give a discretionary proxy in those circumstances to vote on all questions to be voted upon unless we notify the depositary that:

 

    we do not wish to receive a discretionary proxy;

 

    we think there is substantial shareholder opposition to the particular question; or

 

    we think the particular question would have an adverse impact on our shareholders.

 

The depositary will only vote or attempt to vote as such holder instructs or as described above.

 

We cannot assure holders that they receive the voting materials in time to ensure that they can instruct the depositary to vote their shares. This means that holders may not be able to exercise their right to vote and there may be nothing they can do if their shares are not voted as they requested.

 

Exchange Rates

 

Prior to 1989, Chilean law permitted the purchase and sale of foreign exchange only in those cases explicitly authorized by the Central Bank of Chile. The Central Bank Act liberalized the rules that govern the ability to buy and sell foreign currency. The Central Bank Act empowers the Central Bank of Chile to determine that certain purchases and sales of foreign currency specified by law must be carried out exclusively in the Formal Exchange Market, which is made up of the banks and other entities authorized by the Central Bank of Chile. All payments and distributions with respect to the ADSs must be conducted exclusively in the Formal Exchange Market.

 

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For purposes of the operation of the Formal Exchange Market, the Central Bank of Chile sets a reference exchange rate (dólar acuerdo). The Central Bank of Chile resets the reference exchange rate monthly, taking internal and external inflation into account, and adjusts the reference exchange rate daily to reflect variations in parities between the Chilean peso, the U.S. dollar, the Japanese yen and the European euro.

 

The observed exchange rate (dólar observado) is the average exchange rate at which transactions were actually carried out in the Formal Exchange Market on a particular day, as certified by the Central Bank of Chile on the next banking day.

 

Prior to September 3, 1999, the Central Bank of Chile was authorized to buy or sell dollars in the Formal Exchange Market to maintain the observed exchange rate within a specified range above or below the reference exchange rate. On September 3, 1999, the Central Bank of Chile eliminated the exchange band. As a result, the Central Bank of Chile may buy and sell foreign exchange in the Formal Exchange Market in order to maintain the observed exchange rate at a level the Central Bank of Chile determines.

 

Purchases and sales of foreign exchange may be effected outside the Formal Exchange Market through the Informal Exchange Market (Mercado Cambiario Informal) established by the Central Bank in 1990. There are no limits on the extent to which the rate of exchange in the Informal Exchange Market can fluctuate above or below the observed exchange rate.

 

Although our results of operations have not been significantly affected by fluctuations in the exchange rates between the peso and the U.S. dollar because our functional currency is the U.S. dollar, we are exposed to foreign exchange losses and gains due to exchange rate fluctuations. Even though the majority of our revenues are denominated in or pegged to the U.S. dollar, the Chilean government’s economic policies affecting foreign exchange and future fluctuations in the value of the peso against the U.S. dollar could adversely affect our results of operations and an investor’s return on an investment in ADSs.

 

Chilean Taxation

 

The following discussion relates to Chilean income tax laws presently in force, including Ruling No. 324 of January 29, 1990 of the Chilean Internal Revenue Service and other applicable regulations and rulings in effect on the date of this prospectus, all of which are subject to change. The discussion summarizes the principal Chilean income tax consequences of an investment in the ADSs or common shares by a person who is neither domiciled in, nor a resident of, Chile or by a legal entity that is not organized under the laws of Chile and does not have a permanent establishment located in Chile (such an individual or entity is referred to herein as a Foreign Holder). For purposes of Chilean tax law, an individual holder is a resident of Chile if such person has resided in Chile for more than six consecutive months in one calendar year or for a total of six months, whether consecutive or not, in two consecutive tax years. The discussion is not intended as tax advice to any particular investor, which can be rendered only in light of that investor’s particular tax situation. PROSPECTIVE PURCHASERS SHOULD CONSULT THEIR TAX ADVISERS ABOUT THE CHILEAN TAX CONSEQUENCES TO THEM OF THE PURCHASE, OWNERSHIP AND DISPOSITION OF ADSs OR SHARES.

 

Under Chilean law, provisions contained in statutes such as tax rates applicable to foreign investors, the computation of taxable income for Chilean purposes and the manner in which Chilean taxes are imposed and collected may only be amended by another statute. In addition, the Chilean tax authorities enact rulings and regulations of either general or specific application and interpret the provisions of Chilean tax law. Chilean tax may not be assessed retroactively against taxpayers who act in good faith relying on such rulings, regulations and interpretations, but Chilean tax authorities may change these rulings, regulations and interpretations prospectively. There is no income tax treaty in force between Chile and the United States.

 

Cash Dividends and Other Distributions.

 

Cash dividends we pay with respect to the ADSs or common shares held by a Foreign Holder will be subject to a 35% Chilean withholding tax, which we withhold and pay over to the Chilean tax authorities and which we refer to as the Withholding Tax. A credit against the Withholding Tax is available based on the level of corporate

 

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income tax we actually pay on the income to be distributed (referred to herein as the First Category Tax); however, this credit does not reduce the Withholding Tax on a one-for-one basis because it also increases the base on which the Withholding Tax is imposed. If we register net income but taxable losses, no credit against the Withholding Tax will be available. In addition, if we distribute less than all of our distributable income, the credit for First Category Tax we pay is proportionately reduced. Presently, the First Category Tax rate is 17%. In general, the example below illustrates the effective Chilean Withholding Tax burden on a cash dividend received by a Foreign Holder, assuming a Withholding Tax rate of 35%, an effective First Category Tax rate of 17% the actual payment of such First Category Tax at that 17% rate and a distribution of 30% of the consolidated net income of the Company after payment of the First Category Tax:

 

The Company’s taxable income

   100.00  

First Category Tax (17% of Ch$100)

   (17 )

Net distributable income

   83.00  

Dividend distributed (30% of net distributable income)

   24.9  

Withholding Tax (35% of the sum of Ch$24.9 dividend plus Ch$5.1 First Category Tax paid)

   (10.5 )

Credit for 30% of First Category Tax

   5.1  

Net tax withheld

   (5.4 )

Net dividend received

   19.5  

Effective dividend withholding rate

   21.69 %

 

In general, the effective dividend Withholding Tax rate, after giving effect to the credit for the First Category Tax, can be calculated using the following formula:

 

(Withholding Tax rate) - (First Category Tax effective rate)

1 - (First Category Tax effective rate)

 

Under Chilean income tax law, dividends generally are assumed to have been paid out of our oldest retained profits for purposes of determining the level of First Category Tax that we paid. The effective rate of Withholding Tax to be imposed on dividends we pay will vary depending upon the amount of First Category Tax we paid on the earnings to which the dividends are attributed. The effective withholding tax rate for dividends attributed to earnings from 1991 until 2001, for which the First Category Tax rate was 15%, will be 23.5%. For 2002, the First Category Tax rate was 16.0%, which results in an effective rate of 22.62%. In 2003, the First Category Tax rate was 16.5%, which results in an effective rate of 22.16%, and from 2004 onwards, the First Category Tax rate is 17%, which results in an effective rate of Withholding Tax of 21.69%.

 

For dividends attributable to our profits during years when the First Category Tax was 10% (before 1991), the effective rate will be 27.8%. However, whether the First Category Tax is 10%, 15%, 16%, 16.5% or 17%, the effective overall combined tax rate imposed on our distributed profits will be 35%. In the event that profits from previous years are not sufficient to cover a particular dividend, and the dividend is attributable to the current year, we will generally withhold tax from the dividend at the full 35% rate. If the withholding is determined to be excessive taking into account First Category Tax, holders may file for a refund.

 

Dividend distributions made in property would be subject to the same Chilean tax rules as cash dividends based on the fair market value of such property. Stock dividends and the distribution of preemptive rights are not subject to Chilean taxation.

 

Capital Gains

 

Gain from the sale or other disposition by a Foreign Holder of ADRs evidencing ADSs outside Chile will not be subject to Chilean taxation. The deposit and withdrawal of common shares in exchange for ADRs will not be subject to any Chilean taxes.

 

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Gain recognized on a sale or exchange of common shares (as distinguished from sales or exchanges of ADRs evidencing ADSs representing such common shares) may be subject to both the First Category Tax and the Withholding Tax (the former being creditable against the latter) if:

 

    the Foreign Holder has held the common shares for less than one year since exchanging ADSs for the Shares;

 

    the Foreign Holder acquired and disposed of the common shares in the ordinary course of its business or as a habitual trader of shares; or

 

    the Foreign Holder and the purchaser of the common shares are “related parties” within the meaning of Article 17, Number 8, of the Chilean Income Tax Law.

 

In all other cases, gain on the disposition of common shares will be subject only to a capital gains tax which is assessed at the same rate as the First Category Tax (currently imposed at a rate of 17%). Gain recognized in the transfer of common shares that have a high presence in the stock exchange, however, is not subject to capital gains tax in Chile, provided that the common shares are transferred in a local stock exchange, in other authorized stock exchanges or within the process of a public tender of common shares governed by the Securities Market Law. The common shares must also have been acquired either in a stock exchange, within the process of a public tender of common shares governed by the Securities Market Law, in an initial public offer of common shares resulting from the formation of a corporation or a capital increase of the same, or in an exchange of convertible bonds. Shares are considered to have a high presence in the stock exchange when they:

 

    are registered in the Securities Registry;

 

    are registered in a Chilean Stock exchange; and

 

    have an adjusted presence equal to or above 25%.

 

To calculate the adjusted presence of a particular share, the aforementioned regulation first requires a determination of the number of days in which the operations regarding the stock exceeded, in Chilean pesos, the equivalent of 200 Unidades de Fomento (approximately US$6,000 as of May 31, 2005) within the previous 180 business days of the stock market. That number must then be divided by 180, multiplied by 100, and expressed in a percentage value. This tax regime does not apply if the transaction involves an amount of shares that would allow the acquirer to take control of the publicly traded corporation, in which case the ordinary tax regime referred to in the previous paragraph will apply, unless the transfer is part of a tender offer governed by the Securities Market Law or the transfer is done on a Chilean stock exchange, without substantially exceeding the market price.

 

Capital gains obtained in the sale of shares that are publicly traded and have a high presence in a stock exchange are also exempt from capital gains tax in Chile when the sale is made by “foreign institutional investors” such as mutual funds and pension funds, provided that the sale is made in a stock exchange or in accordance with the provisions of the Securities Market Law, or in any other form authorized by the SVS. To qualify as a foreign institutional investor, an entity must be formed outside of Chile, not have a domicile in Chile, and must be at least one of the following:

 

    an investment fund that offers its common shares or quotas publicly in a country with investment grade public debt, according to a classification performed by an international risk classification entity registered with the SVS;

 

    an investment fund registered with a regulatory agency or authority from a country with investment grade public debt, according to a classification performed by an international risk classification entity registered with the SVS, provided that its investments in Chile constitute less than 30% of the share value of the fund, including deeds issued abroad representing Chilean securities, such as ADRs of Chilean companies;

 

    an investment fund whose investments in Chile represent less than 30% of the share value of the fund, including deeds issued abroad representing Chilean securities, such as ADRs of Chilean companies, provided that not more than 10% of the share value of the fund is directly or indirectly owned by Chilean residents;

 

    a pension fund that is formed exclusively by natural persons that receive pensions out of an accumulated capital in the fund;

 

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    a Foreign Capital Investment Fund, as defined in Law No. 18,657; or

 

    any other foreign institutional investor that complies with the requirements set forth in general regulations for each category of investor or prior information from the SVS and the Chilean tax authority, the Servicio de Impuestos Internos, or the SII.

 

The foreign institutional investor must not directly or indirectly participate in the control of the corporations issuing the shares it invests in, nor possess or participate in 10% or more of the capital or the profits of such corporations.

 

Another requirement for the exemption is that the foreign institutional investor must execute a written contract with a bank or a stock broker incorporated in Chile. In this contract, the bank or stock broker must undertake to execute purchase and sale orders, verify the applicability of the tax exemption and inform the SII of the investors it works with and the transactions it performs. Finally, the foreign institutional investor must register with the SII by means of a sworn statement issued by such bank or stock broker.

 

The tax basis of common shares received in exchange for ADRs will be the acquisition value of the common shares on the date of exchange. The valuation procedure set forth in the deposit agreement, which values common shares which are being exchanged at the highest price at which they trade on the Santiago Stock Exchange on the date of the exchange, will determine the acquisition value for this purpose. Consequently, the surrender of ADRs for common shares and the immediate sale of the common shares for the value established under the Deposit Agreement will not generate a capital gain subject to taxation in Chile.

 

The exercise of preemptive rights relating to the common shares will not be subject to Chilean taxation. Any gain on the sale of preemptive rights relating to the common shares will be subject to both the First Category Tax and the Withholding Tax (the former being creditable against the latter).

 

Other Chilean Taxes

 

There are no Chilean inheritance, gift or succession taxes applicable to the ownership, transfer or disposition of ADSs by a Foreign Holder, but such taxes generally will apply to the transfer at death or by gift of the common shares by a Foreign Holder. There are no Chilean stamp, issue, registration or similar taxes or duties payable by Foreign Holders of ADSs or common shares.

 

Withholding Tax Certificates

 

Upon request, we will provide to Foreign Holders appropriate documentation evidencing the payment of the Chilean Withholding Tax (net of the applicable First Category Tax).

 

United States Federal Income Tax Considerations

 

The following is a summary of certain U.S. federal income tax considerations that are likely to be relevant to the purchase, ownership and disposition of our common shares and ADSs by a beneficial owner that is a citizen or resident of the United States or a U.S. domestic corporation or that otherwise will be subject to U.S. federal income taxation on a net income basis in respect of such common shares or ADSs. In this prospectus, we refer to these owners of common shares and ADSs as U.S. Holders. This summary is not a comprehensive discussion of all of the tax considerations that may be relevant to your decision to purchase ADSs or common shares. In particular, this discussion is directed only to U.S. Holders that will hold ADSs or common shares as capital assets and it does not address any special United States tax consequences that may be applicable to U.S. Holders that are subject to special treatment under the United States Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, commonly referred to as the “Code”, such as banks, brokers or dealers in securities or currencies, traders in securities electing to mark to market, financial institutions, life insurance companies, tax exempt entities, or holders that own or are treated as owning 10% or more of our voting common shares, persons holding common shares or ADSs as part of a hedging or conversion transaction or a straddle, or persons whose functional currency is not the U.S. dollar. Prospective purchasers are advised to satisfy themselves as to the overall U.S. federal, state and local tax consequences of their ownership of ADRs and the underlying common shares by consulting their own tax advisers.

 

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The statements of United States tax laws set out below are based on the laws in force as of the date this prospectus was filed and may be subject to changes in United States law occurring after that date, including changes that may have retroactive effect.

 

ADRs

 

In general, if you are a U.S. Holder of ADRs evidencing our ADSs, you will be treated, for U.S. federal income tax purposes, as the beneficial owner of the underlying common shares that are represented by those ADSs and evidenced by those ADRs.

 

Taxation of Dividends

 

If you are a U.S. Holder, distributions of cash or property (other than common stock, if any, distributed pro rata to all of our shareholders, including holders of ADSs) paid out of our current or accumulated earnings and our profits (as determined for United States federal income tax purposes) with respect to common shares or ADSs, including the net amount of the Chilean Withholding Tax withheld on the distribution (after taking into account the credit for the First Category Tax), will be includible in your gross income as ordinary income on the day on which you receive the dividends, in the case of common shares, or the date the depositary receives the dividends, in the case of common shares represented by ADSs, and will not be eligible for the dividends-received deduction allowed to corporations under the Code. If you are a U.S. Holder, dividends paid in pesos generally will be includible in your income in a U.S. dollar amount calculated by reference to the exchange rate in effect on the day you receive the dividends, in the case of common shares, or the date the depositary receives the dividends, in the case of common shares represented by ADSs. U.S. Holders should consult their own tax advisers regarding the treatment of foreign currency gain or loss, if any, on any pesos received which are converted into U.S. dollars after they are received. To the extent that the amount of any distribution exceeds our current and accumulated earnings and profits as determined for U.S. federal income tax purposes, a U.S. Holder’s pro rata share of such excess amounts will be treated first as a nontaxable return of capital to the extent of such U.S. Holder’s tax basis in the common shares or ADSs and, thereafter, as capital gain.

 

Subject to certain exceptions for short-term and hedged positions, the U.S. dollar amount of dividends received by an individual prior to January 1, 2009 with respect to the ADSs will be subject to taxation at a maximum rate of 15% if the dividends are “qualified dividends”. Dividends paid on the ADSs will be treated as qualified dividends if:

 

    the ADSs are readily tradable on an established securities market in the United States; and

 

    we were not, in the year prior to the year in which the dividend was paid, and are not, in the year in which the dividend is paid, (a) a passive foreign investment company (or PFIC) or (b) for dividends paid prior to the 2005 tax year, a foreign personal holding company (or FPHC), or foreign investment company (or FIC).

 

The ADSs are listed on the New York Stock Exchange, and will qualify as readily tradable on an established securities market in the United States so long as they are so listed. Moreover, based on our audited financial statements and relevant market and shareholder data, we believe that we were not treated as a PFIC, FPHC or FIC for U.S. federal income tax purposes with respect to our 2003 or 2004 taxable year. In addition, based on our audited financial statements and our current expectations regarding the value and nature of our assets, the sources and nature of our income, and relevant market and shareholder data, we do not anticipate becoming a PFIC, for our 2005 taxable year. Based on existing guidance, it is not clear whether dividends received with respect to the common shares will be treated as qualified dividends, because the common shares are not themselves listed on a U.S. exchange. In addition, the U.S. Treasury has announced its intention to promulgate rules pursuant to which U.S. holders of ADSs or common shares and intermediaries through whom such securities are held will be permitted to rely on certifications from issuers to establish that dividends are treated as qualified dividends. Because such procedures have not yet been issued, it is not clear whether we will be able to comply with them. Holders should consult their own tax advisers regarding the availability of the reduced dividend tax rate in light of their own particular circumstances.

 

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Subject to generally applicable limitations and conditions under the Code, Chilean Withholding Tax withheld from dividends (after taking into account the credit for the First Category Tax, when it is available) will be treated as a foreign income tax eligible for credit against a U.S. Holder’s U.S. federal income tax liability. If the amount of Chilean Withholding Tax initially withheld from a dividend is determined to be excessive, however (as described above under “Taxation—Chilean Taxation—Cash Dividends and Other Distributions), the excess tax will not be creditable. For purposes of calculating the foreign tax credit, dividends paid on the common shares will generally constitute foreign source “passive income,” U.S. Holders are not allowed foreign tax credits for withholding taxes imposed in respect of certain short-term or hedged positions in securities and may not be allowed foreign tax credits in respect of arrangements in which their expected economic profit is insubstantial. U.S. Holders should consult their own advisers concerning the implications of these rules in light of their particular circumstances.

 

U.S. Holders that receive distributions of additional common shares or rights to subscribe for common shares as part of a pro rata distribution to all our shareholders generally will not be subject to U.S. federal income tax in respect of the distributions.

 

A holder of ADSs or common shares that is a foreign corporation or a non-resident alien individual generally will not be subject to U.S. federal income or withholding tax on dividends received on ADSs or common shares, unless that income is effectively connected with the conduct by the Non-U.S. Holder of a trade or business in the United States.

 

Taxation of Capital Gains or Losses

 

If you realize gain or loss on the sale, exchange or other disposition of ADSs or common shares, that gain or loss will be capital gain or loss and generally will be long-term capital gain or loss if the ADS or common shares have been held for more than one year. Long-term capital gain realized by a U.S. Holder that is an individual generally is subject to a maximum tax rate of 15%. The deductibility of capital losses is subject to significant limitations.

 

Any gain or loss a U.S. Holder realizes on such a sale, exchange, or other disposition will generally be treated as U.S. source income or loss for U.S. foreign tax credit purposes. Consequently, in the case of a disposition of common shares (which, unlike a disposition of ADSs, would be taxable in Chile), a U.S. Holder generally would not be able to utilize foreign tax credits in respect of any Chilean tax imposed on the disposition (see “Taxation — Chilean Taxation — Capital Gains) unless the U.S. Holder has other income from foreign sources, in the appropriate category, for purposes of the foreign tax credit limitation rules. U.S. Holders should consult their own tax advisers regarding the application of the foreign tax credit limitation rules to their investment in, and disposition of, the ADSs and common shares.

 

Deposits and withdrawals of common shares by U.S. Holders in exchange for ADSs will not result in the realization of gain or loss for U.S. federal income tax purposes.

 

A holder of ADSs or common shares that is a foreign corporation or a non-resident alien individual generally will not be subject to U.S. federal income tax on a gain from the sale or other disposition of ADSs or common shares unless:

 

    the gain is effectively connected with the conduct of a trade or business within the United States, or

 

    in the case of a gain realized by a holder that is an individual, the holder is present in the United States for 183 days or more in the taxable year of the disposition, and certain other conditions are satisfied.

 

Backup Withholding and Information Reporting

 

Dividends paid on, and proceeds from the sale or other disposition of, the ADSs or common shares to a U.S. Holder generally may be subject to the information reporting requirements of the Code and may be subject to backup withholding unless the U.S. Holder provides an accurate taxpayer identification number and makes any other

 

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required certification or otherwise establishes an exemption. Backup withholding is not an additional tax. The amount of any backup withholding from a payment to a U.S. Holder will be allowed as a credit against the U.S. Holder’s U.S. federal income tax liability and may entitle the U.S. Holder to a refund, provided that certain required information is furnished to the U.S. Internal Revenue Service.

 

A holder that is a foreign corporation or a non-resident alien individual may be required to comply with certification and identification procedures in order to establish its exemption from information reporting and backup withholding.

 

HOLDERS OF ADSs OR COMMON SHARES SHOULD CONSULT THEIR OWN TAX ADVISERS AS TO THE CHILEAN, U.S. OR OTHER TAX CONSEQUENCES OF THE PURCHASE, OWNERSHIP AND DISPOSITION OF ADSs OR COMMON SHARES, INCLUDING, IN PARTICULAR, THE EFFECT OF ANY FOREIGN, STATE OR LOCAL TAX LAWS.

 

Documents on Display

 

We are subject to the information requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. In accordance with these requirements, we file reports, including annual reports on Form 20-F and other information with the SEC. These materials, including this annual report and the exhibits hereto, may be inspected and copied at the SEC’s public reference rooms in Washington, D.C., New York, New York and Chicago, Illinois. Please call the SEC at 1-800-SEC-0330 for further information on the public reference rooms. In addition, some of our SEC filings, including those filed on and after November 4, 2002, are also available to the public through the SEC’s website at www.sec.gov.

 

ITEM 11. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK

 

We face market risk exposure in three main areas:

 

    jet fuel price fluctuations;

 

    interest rate fluctuations; and

 

    exchange rate fluctuations.

 

We periodically review our exposure to risks arising from these fluctuations and determine at the level of senior management how to hedge these risks. We manage jet fuel price fluctuation risk through hedging transactions in the foreign derivatives market. We have also entered into hedging transactions with respect to interest rates and exchange rates in order to control our exposure to fluctuations in interest rates and the relative values of foreign currencies, respectively. We do not enter into forward contracts, swaps, collars or other derivatives for speculative purposes. The derivative instruments we hold are not leveraged, and we hold them only for purposes of offsetting market exposure.

 

Risk of Fluctuations in Jet Fuel Prices

 

Jet fuel price fluctuations are largely dependent on supply and demand for crude oil in the world, OPEC decisions, refinery capacities, stock levels of crude oil and global political factors. In order to minimize the risk of jet fuel price fluctuations, we enter into hedging contracts in the jet fuel market or in the West Texas Intermediate, or WTI, market. Our decision to enter into these contracts, whether in the jet fuel market or in the WTI market, depends on the relative price of each commodity at the trade date.

 

We enter into swap contracts to hedge our exposure to fluctuations in fuel prices that allow us to fix the price of future jet fuel purchases. We also employ call options, which allow us to purchase fuel at a predetermined price. Additionally, we use combinations of call and put options that allow us to establish a range of prices, also known as a costless collar, in which the price that we pay for jet fuel is limited by a minimum and maximum price.

 

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Under costless collar contracts, for any price that is above the predetermined ceiling price, we receive the difference between the market price and the ceiling price for a given quantity of jet fuel. For any price below the predetermined floor price, we pay the difference between the market price and the floor price. Pursuant to swap contracts, we pay or receive, depending on the case, the difference between the agreed fixed price and the floating market price calculated on the notional amounts of such contracts.

 

We are exposed to fuel hedging transaction losses if the other parties to our hedging contracts fail to perform. To manage this credit risk, we select counterparties based on their credit ratings and limit our exposure to each counterparty based on defined guidelines. We also monitor our relative market position with each counterparty periodically.

 

During 2002, 2003 and 2004, we entered into a mix of costless collar contracts, call option contracts and jet fuel swap contracts with investment banks and other financial entities for notional fuel purchases of 123.0 million gallons, 134.0 million gallons and 111.4 million gallons, respectively (which represent 50.4%, 46.0% and 36.2%, respectively, of our total fuel consumption). The result of these contracts was a loss of approximately US$5.5 million in 2002 and a gain of approximately US$12.8 million in 2003 and a gain of approximately US$46.5 million in 2004. The fair value of our outstanding swap contracts was estimated at positive US$5.3 million at December 31, 2002, positive US$ 15.4 million at December 31, 2003 and positive US$ 15.9 million at December 31, 2004. Based on market jet fuel price data as of December 30, 2004, we estimate that a one cent increase or decrease in jet fuel prices would have a positive or negative impact, respectively, on our results of US$2.8 million for 2005 and US$3.9 million for 2006.

 

Gains and losses on the hedging contracts referred to above are recognized as a non-operating item (on the miscellaneous net line) in our income statement when the underlying fuel being hedged is consumed. Premiums paid to enter into hedging contracts are recorded as prepaid expenses and are amortized and included in our results of operations over the respective contract periods.

 

According to Chilean GAAP, the positive fair value of these jet fuel derivatives is reflected in the balance sheet as other long-term assets and the negative fair value is reflected in other long-term liabilities.

 

Risk of Fluctuations in Interest Rates

 

The major interest rate risk we face is a rise in the London Interbank Offered Rate, or LIBOR, because we had, as of December 31, 2004, US$543.6 million in principal amount of LIBOR-based interest-bearing debt outstanding. As of March 31, 2005, we had US$530.8 million in principal amount of LIBOR-based interest-bearing debt outstanding. As of December 31, 2004, approximately 14% of our banking debt (including our long-term, short-term and dollar-denominated debt) was exposed to interest rate risks.

 

In May 2001, we entered into six swap contracts in order to hedge our floating rate-exposure on US$329 million of our debt. Pursuant to these contracts, we pay or receive, depending on the case, the difference between the agreed fixed rate and the floating rate, calculated on the notional amount of each contract. The fair value of these contracts as of December 31, 2004 was estimated to be at negative US$13.6 million and the fair value as of March 31, 2005 was estimated to be at negative US$8.2 million.

 

According to Chilean GAAP, the positive fair value of these interest rate swaps is reflected in the balance sheet as other long-term assets and the negative fair value of these agreements is reflected as other long-term liabilities.

 

During 2002, we entered into a treasury rate-lock contract in order to hedge our exposure to changes in the five-year treasury rate before entering into a US$40.0 million securitization tranche of credit card receivables in the United States. For more information, see “Operating and Financial Review and Prospects—Credit Card Receivables Securitization” under Item 4. The gains or losses on such contracts are recognized as a component of interest expense in our financial statements amortized over the life of the securitization. We settled this operation the day that we completed the securitization, and it involved a total payment of US$3.4 million, of which we recognized US$530,000 as interest expense in 2004. There was no fair value associated with this operation as of December 31, 2004 since we had already settled the operation.

 

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During 2003 and 2004 we entered into interest rate call option contracts in order to hedge US$190 million and US$74.6 million in debt respectively. These contracts allow us to limit our exposure to LIBOR at a predetermined value. During 2003 an 2004, we paid a total of US$7.8 million in premiums on these contracts. As of December 31, 2004, the fair value of these contracts was estimated to be at US$6.3 million and as of March 31, 2005, the fair value has estimated to be at US$5.5 million.

 

The following table summarizes our principal payment obligations on our interest-bearing debt and capital leases as of December 31, 2004 and the related average interest rates. The average interest rates for U.S. dollar liabilities are calculated based on the prevailing interest rate on December 31, 2004 for each loan.

 

    

Principal payment obligations by

year of expected maturity(1)


         (in US$ millions)

Liabilities


   Average
interest rate(2)


  2005

   2006

   2007

   2008

   2009

   Thereafter

U.S. dollars

   4.6%   79.4    79.7    74.6    77.1    78.5    206.8

(1) At cost, which approximates market value.
(2) Average interest rate means the average prevailing interest rate on December 31, 2004 on our debt.

 

Risk of Variation in Foreign Currency Exchange Rates

 

Because in 2004 approximately 78% of our operating revenues and approximately 73% of our operating expenses are denominated in U.S. dollars, our revenues and expenses create a partial natural hedge with each other. However, because we conduct business in local currencies in twelve countries, we face the risk of variation in foreign currency exchange rates. For more information, see Note 24 to our consolidated financial statements. A depreciation of the Chilean peso, the Brazilian real, the Argentine peso, the Mexican nuevo peso, the Peruvian nuevo sol or the European euro against the U.S. dollar could have a material adverse effect on us because we have revenues and receivables denominated in those currencies. As a part of our risk management policy, we regularly monitor our exposure to variations in the exchange rates of these different currencies. In order to reduce the impact of foreign exchange rate fluctuations, we enter into foreign exchange hedging contracts from time to time. As of December 31, 2004 we had no foreign exchange hedging contracts aimed at hedging our cash flow or balance sheet.

 

From time to time we use foreign exchange forward contracts in order to improve the rate of return of some of our short-term investments by using them as arbitrage instructions between United States dollar and Chilean Peso short-term rates. As of December 31, 2004, the market value of these contracts was US$1.8 million.

 

Our foreign currency exchange exposure pertaining to our balance sheet as of December 31, 2004 was as follows:

 

     US dollars

   % of
total


    Chilean
pesos


   % of
total


    Other
currencies


   % of
total


    Total

Current assets

   451,102    76.36 %   100,096    16.94 %   39,590    6.70 %   590,788

Other assets

   1,223,119    98.76 %   10,529    0.85 %   4,793    0.39 %   1,238,441
    
  

 
  

 
  

 

Total assets

   1,674,221    91.53 %   110,625    6.05 %   144,383    2.43 %   1,829,229

Current liabilities

   518,910    89.17 %   44,958    7.73 %   18,057    3.10 %   581,925

Long-term liabilities

   797,481    98.57 %   6,174    0.76 %   5,394    0.67 %   809,049
    
  

 
  

 
  

 

Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity

   1,753,659    95.87 %   52,119    2.85 %   23,451    1.28 %   1,829,229

 

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ITEM 12. DESCRIPTION OF SECURITIES OTHER THAN EQUITY SECURITIES

 

Not applicable.

 

PART II

 

ITEM 13. DEFAULTS, DIVIDEND ARREARAGES AND DELINQUENCIES

 

Not applicable.

 

ITEM 14. MATERIAL MODIFICATIONS TO THE RIGHTS OF SECURITY HOLDERS AND USE OF PROCEEDS

 

Not applicable.

 

ITEM 15. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES

 

We carried out an evaluation under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our chief executive officer and chief financial officer, of the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures as of December 31, 2004. There are inherent limitations to the effectiveness of any system of disclosure controls and procedures, including the possibility of human error and the circumvention or overriding of the controls and procedures. Accordingly, even effective disclosure controls and procedures can only provide reasonable assurance of achieving their control objectives. Based upon our evaluation, our chief executive officer and chief financial officer concluded that the disclosure controls and procedures, as of December 31, 2004, were effective to provide reasonable assurance that information required to be disclosed in the reports we file and submit under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, is recorded, processed, summarized and reported as and when required.

 

There has been no change in our internal control over financial reporting during 2004 that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

 

ITEM 16. RESERVED

 

ITEM 16A. AUDIT COMMITTEE FINANCIAL EXPERT

 

Our Board of Directors has determined that Mr. José Cox Donoso, qualifies as an “audit committee financial expert” within the meaning of Item 16A of Form 20-F under the Exchange Act.

 

ITEM 16B. CODE OF ETHICS

 

We have adopted a code of ethics, as defined in Item 16B of Form 20-F under the Exchange Act. Our code of ethics applies to our senior management, including our chief executive officer, our chief financial officer and our chief accounting officer, as well as to other employees. Upon request, in writing or orally, by telephone or by e-mail, to the following address: Lan Airlines S.A., Investor Relations Department, attention: Andres Bianchi, Av. Presidente Riesco 5711, Piso 20, Comuna Las Condes, Santiago, Chile, telephone (56-2) 565-3947, email: andres.bianchi@lan.com, we will provide any person with a copy of our code of ethics without charge. If we amend the provisions of our code of ethics that apply to our senior management or to other persons performing similar functions, or if we grant any waiver of such provisions, we will disclose such amendment or waiver on our website at www.lan.com.

 

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ITEM 16C. PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTANT FEES AND SERVICES

 

Audit and Non-Audit Fees

 

The following table sets forth the fees billed to us by our independent auditors, PricewaterhouseCoopers, during the fiscal years ended December 31, 2003 and 2004:

 

     Year ended December 31,

     2003

   2004

     (in thousands of US
dollars)

Audit fees

   502.5    554.2

Audit-related fees

   0.0    69.6

Tax fees

   24.2    23.1
    
  

Other fees

   3.9    0.0
    
  

Total fees

   530.6    646.9
    
  

 

Audit fees in the above table are the aggregate fees billed by PricewaterhouseCoopers in connection with the audit of our annual consolidated financial statements, as well as the review of other filings.

 

Audit-related fees in the above table are fees billed by PricewaterhouseCoopers for due diligence services related to potential acquisitions and mergers.

 

Tax fees in the above table are fees billed by PricewaterhouseCoopers for tax advice and tax planning services.

 

Other fees in the above table are fees billed by PricewaterhouseCoopers primarily for salary surveys and services related to human resources.

 

Board of Directors’ Committee Pre-Approval Policies and Procedures

 

Our board of directors’ committee has not established pre-approval policies and procedures for the engagement of our independent auditors for services. Our board of directors’ committee expressly approves on a case-by-case basis any engagement of our independent auditors for audit and non-audit services provided to our subsidiaries or to us.

 

ITEM 16D. EXEMPTIONS FROM THE LISTING STANDARDS FOR AUDIT COMMITTEES

 

Not applicable.

 

ITEM 16E. PURCHASE OF EQUITY SECURITIES BY THE ISSUER AND AFFILIATED PURCHASERS

 

Neither we nor any affiliated purchaser has engaged in share repurchases during the year ended December 31, 2004.

 

PART III

 

ITEM 17. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

 

Our financial statements have been prepared in accordance with Item 18 hereof.

 

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ITEM 18. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

 

See pages F-1 through F-65, incorporated herein by reference. The following is an index of the financial statements in the referenced pages.

 

Consolidated Financial Statements for Lan Chile S.A. and Subsidiaries

 

     Page

Audited Consolidated Financial Statements

    

Reports of Independent Auditors

   F–2

Consolidated Balance Sheets at December 31, 2004

   F–3

Consolidated Statement of Income for the years ended December 31, 2002, 2003 and 2004

   F–5

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the years ended December 31, 2002, 2003 and 2004

   F–6

Reconciliation of Net Income to Net Cash Provided by Operating Activities for the years ended December 31, 2002, 2003 and 2004

   F-7

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements at December 31, 2004

   F–8

 

ITEM 19. EXHIBITS

 

Documents filed as exhibits to this annual report:

 

Exhibit No.

 

Description


1.1   By-laws of Lan Airlines S.A.
2.1   Amended and Restated Deposit Agreement among LanChile, The Bank of New York, and all registered holders from time to time of any American Depositary Receipts, including the form of American Depositary Receipt (incorporated by reference to our annual report on Form 20-F (File No. 001-14728) filed on June 14, 2004).
2.2   Foreign Investment Contract among the Central Bank of Chile, LanChile and Citibank, N.A., as depositary, relating to the foreign exchange treatment of holders of ADSs (incorporated by reference to our annual report on Form 20-F (File No. 001-14728) filed on June 14, 2004).
2.3   Foreign Investment Contract Assignment Agreement among the Central Bank of Chile, LanChile, Citibank N.A., as assignor, and The Bank of New York, as assignee, relating to the foreign exchange treatment of holders of ADSs (incorporated by reference to our annual report on Form 20-F (File No. 001-14728) filed on June 14, 2004).
2.4   Right of First Refusal Agreement among Inversiones Santa Cecilia S.A., Bancard S.A., Inversiones Costa Verde, S.A., Inmobiliaria e Inversiones Asturias S.A., Inversiones Aéreas CGP S.A., Inversiones Aéreas CGP DOS S.A. (incorporated by reference to our annual report on Form 20-F (File No. 001-14728) filed on June 14, 2004).
2.5   Supplement to Right of First Refusal Agreement among Inversiones Costa Verde Limitada y Compañía en Comandita por Acciones, Inversiones Santa Cecilia S.A., Axxion S.A., Inversiones Aéreas CGP S.A. and Inversiones Aéreas CGP DOS S.A.

 

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2.6   Joint Action Agreement among Inversiones Costa Verde Limitada y Compañía en Comandita por Acciones, Inversiones Santa Cecilia S.A., and Axxion S.A.
4.1   Purchase Agreements between Lan Chile S.A. and Airbus Industrie relating to Airbus A320-family aircraft and Airbus A340 series aircraft (incorporated by reference to our annual report on Form 20-F (File No. 001-14728) filed on June 24, 2001 and portions of which have been omitted pursuant to a request for confidential treatment).
4.2   Purchase Agreement No. 2126 between Lan Chile S.A. and The Boeing Company as amended and supplemented, relating to Model 767-316ER, Model 767-38EF, and Model 767-316F Aircraft (incorporated by reference to our amended annual report on Form 20-F (File No. 001-14728) filed on December 21, 2004 and portions of which have been omitted pursuant to a request for confidential treatment).
8.1   List of subsidiaries of the Company.
12.1   Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
12.2   Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
13.1   Certifications of Chief Financial Officer and Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.

 

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SIGNATURES

 

The registrant hereby certifies that it meets all of the requirements for filing on Form 20-F and that it has duly caused and authorized the undersigned to sign this annual report on its behalf.

 

        Lan Airlines S.A.
       

/s/ ALEJANDRO DE LA FUENTE GOIC


    Name:   Alejandro de la Fuente Goic
Date: June 30, 2005   Title:   Chief Financial Officer

 

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LAN AIRLINES S.A.

 

Consolidated financial statements

 

December 31, 2004

 

CONTENTS

 

Consolidated balance sheets

   F-3

Consolidated statements of income

   F-5

Consolidated statements of cash flows

   F-6

Notes to the consolidated financial statements

   F-8

 

Ch$    -    Chilean pesos
US$    -    United States dollars
ThUS$    -    Thousands of United States dollars
UF    -    The UF is a Chilean inflation-indexed, peso-denominated monetary unit which is set daily in advance based on the previous month’s inflation rate

 

LOGO

 

F - 1


Table of Contents

REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED ACCOUNTING FIRM

 

To the Board of Directors and Shareholders of

Lan Airlines S.A.

 

We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Lan Airlines S.A. (formerly Lan Chile S.A.) and its subsidiaries (the “Company”) as of December 31, 2004 and 2003 and the related consolidated statements of income and of cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2004, all expressed in thousands of United States dollars. These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these financial statements based on our audits.

 

We conducted our audits in accordance with generally accepted auditing standards in both Chile and the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement. An audit includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. An audit also includes assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.

 

In our opinion, based on our audits, the consolidated financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of Lan Airlines S.A. and its subsidiaries at December 31, 2004 and 2003 and the results of their operations and their cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2004, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in Chile.

 

Accounting principles generally accepted in Chile vary in certain significant respects from accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. Information relating to the nature and effect of such differences is presented in Note 25 to the consolidated financial statements.

 

/s/    PriceWaterhouseCoopers

Santiago, Chile

March 9, 2005

 

F - 2


Table of Contents

LAN AIRLINES S.A. AND SUBSIDIARIES

 

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

 

     At December 31,

     2004

   2003

     (In thousands of US$)

ASSETS

         

CURRENT ASSETS

         

Cash

   11,620    4,988

Time deposits

   179,715    128,950

Marketable securities (Note 3)

   113,290    85,025

Trade accounts receivable and other, net (Note 4)

   180,142    180,730

Notes and accounts receivable from related companies (Note 14)

   4,046    417

Inventories (Note 5)

   35,323    33,391

Prepaid and recoverable taxes

   18,153    15,317

Prepaid expenses (Note 6)

   23,140    24,080

Deferred income tax assets (Note 13)

   10,085    8,038

Other current assets (Note 7)

   15,274    18,261
    
  

Total current assets

   590,788    499,197
    
  

PROPERTY AND EQUIPMENT (net) (Note 8)

   978,974    1,009,507
    
  

OTHER ASSETS

         

Investments in related companies (Note 9)

   1,843    1,621

Goodwill (Note 9)

   42,470    45,071

Notes and accounts receivable from related companies (Note 14)

   94    262

Long-term accounts receivable

   9,851    9,427

Advances for purchases of aircraft and other deposits (Note 10)

   172,491    41,778

Other (Note 11)

   32,718    34,136
    
  

Total other assets

   259,467    132,295
    
  

Total assets

   1,829,229    1,640,999
    
  

 

The accompanying Notes 1 to 25 form an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

 

F - 3


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LAN AIRLINES S.A. AND SUBSIDIARIES

 

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

 

     At December 31,

     2004

   2003

     (In thousands of US$)

LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY

         

CURRENT LIABILITIES

         

Current portion of long-term loans from

         

financial institutions (Note 15)

   34,098    63,155

Current portion of long-term leasing obligations (Note 17)

   38,817    3,995

Securitization obligation (Note 16)

   12,908    12,064

Dividends payable

   —      83

Accounts payable

   224,057    184,973

Notes payable

   —      —  

Notes and accounts payable to related companies (Note 14)

   130    363

Air traffic liability and other unearned income

   128,235    145,691

Other current liabilities (Note 12)

   143,680    108,529
    
  

Total current liabilities

   581,925    518,853
    
  

LONG-TERM LIABILITIES

         

Loans from financial institutions (Note 15)

   317,233    559,669

Securitization obligation (Note 16)

   43,366    56,274

Other creditors

   83,497    24,420

Notes and accounts payable to related companies (Note 14)

   539    1,025

Provisions (Note 12)

   100,810    74,983

Obligations under capital leases (Note 17)

   192,301    7,084

Deferred income tax liabilities (Note 13)

   71,303    42,018
    
  

Total long-term liabilities

   809,049    765,473
    
  

MINORITY INTEREST

   3,698    4,109
    
  

COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES (Note 22)

         

SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY (Note 18)

         

Common stock (318,909,090 shares)

   134,303    134,303

Reserves

   2,620    2,620

Retained earnings

   297,634    215,641
    
  

Total shareholders’ equity

   434,557    352,564
    
  

Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity

   1,829,229    1,640,999
    
  

 

The accompanying Notes 1 to 25 form an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

 

F - 4


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LAN AIRLINES S.A. AND SUBSIDIARIES

 

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME

 

     For the years ended
December 31,


 
     2004

    2003

    2002

 
     (In thousands of US$)  

REVENUES

                  

Passenger

   1,169,049     918,370     803,718  

Cargo

   799,656     602,038     520,791  

Other (Note 19)

   124,240     118,392     127,925  
    

 

 

Total operating revenues (Note 24)

   2,092,945     1,638,800     1,452,434  
    

 

 

EXPENSES

                  

Wages and benefits (Note 20)

   (292,823 )   (240,924 )   (215,278 )

Aircraft fuel

   (414,539 )   (259,566 )   (205,524 )

Commissions to agents

   (291,693 )   (223,974 )   (192,686 )

Depreciation and amortization

   (77,443 )   (72,631 )   (67,817 )

Passenger services

   (44,992 )   (36,206 )   (32,308 )

Aircraft rentals

   (132,425 )   (139,138 )   (159,793 )

Aircraft maintenance

   (120,818 )   (97,862 )   (95,144 )

Other rentals and landing fees

   (287,842 )   (258,495 )   (228,736 )

Other operating expenses (Note 20)

   (258,270 )   (198,287 )   (193,085 )
    

 

 

Total operating expenses

   (1,920,845 )   (1,527,083 )   (1,390,371 )
    

 

 

Operating income

   172,100     111,717     62,063  
    

 

 

OTHER INCOME AND EXPENSES

                  

Interest income

   10,830     6,277     3,757  

Interest expense

   (36,459 )   (39,350 )   (40,758 )

Other income (expense) - net (Note 21)

   45,162     24,123     13,186  
    

 

 

Total other income (expense)

   19,533     (8,950 )   (23,815 )
    

 

 

Income before minority interest

   191,633     102,767     38,248  

Minority interest

   212     (870 )   (434 )
    

 

 

Income before income taxes

   191,845     101,897     37,814  

Income taxes (Note 13)

   (28,293 )   (18,342 )   (7,006 )
    

 

 

NET INCOME

   163,552     83,555     30,808  
    

 

 

 

The accompanying Notes 1 to 25 form an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

 

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Table of Contents

LAN AIRLINES S.A. AND SUBSIDIARIES

 

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

 

    

For the years ended

December 31,


 
     2004

    2003

    2002

 
     (In thousands of US$)  

CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES

                  

Collection of trade accounts receivable

   1,989,671     1,663,149     1,514,977  

Interest income

   14,923     3,885     1,343  

Other income received

   48,844     13,821     30,102  

Payments to suppliers and personnel

   (1,638,208 )   (1,377,257 )   (1,338,368 )

Interest paid

   (37,117 )   (44,522 )   (39,363 )

Income tax paid

   (194 )   (337 )   (1,087 )

Other expenses paid

   (1,806 )   (3,984 )   (12,262 )

Value-added tax and similar payments

   (29,360 )   (19,021 )   (16,517 )
    

 

 

Net cash provided by operating activities

   346,753     235,734     138,825  
    

 

 

CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES

                  

Loans obtained

   2,817     11,088     163,551  

Securitization proceeds

   —       (54 )   40,000  

Other loans from related companies

   —       10,417     —    

Dividend payments

   (81,577 )   (49,101 )   (1,454 )

Loans repaid

   (43,725 )   (75,178 )   (120,646 )

Other

   (12,283 )   (14,222 )   (16,788 )
    

 

 

Net cash (used in) provided by financing activities

   (134,768 )   (117,050 )   64,663  
    

 

 

CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES

                  

Acquisitions of property and equipment

   (126,911 )   (64,756 )   (192,627 )

Proceeds from sales of property and equipment

   2,098     7,612     81,842  

Sale of financial instruments and other investments

   51,725     8,693     —    

Other investments

   (939 )   (829 )   (4,139 )

Investments in financial instruments

   (76,800 )   (68,946 )   (8 )

Other

   (2,042 )   (2,127 )   (3,788 )
    

 

 

Net cash (used in) investing activities

   (152,869 )   (120,353 )   (118,720 )
    

 

 

NET INCREASE (DECREASE) IN CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS

   59,116     (1,669 )   84,768  

CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS AT BEGINNING OF YEAR

   157,752     159,421     74,653  
    

 

 

CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS AT END OF YEAR

   216,868     157,752     159,421  
    

 

 

 

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LAN AIRLINES S.A. AND SUBSIDIARIES

 

RECONCILIATION OF NET INCOME TO NET CASH

 

PROVIDED BY OPERATING ACTIVITIES

 

    

For the years ended

December 31,


 
     2004

    2003

    2002

 
     (In thousands of US$)  

NET INCOME FOR THE YEAR

   163,552     83,555     30,808  

ADJUSTMENTS TO RECONCILE NET INCOME TO NET
CASH PROVIDED BY OPERATING ACTIVITIES

                  

Depreciation

   68,132     67,750     64,094  

Gain on sales of investments

   422     (122 )   —    

Gain on sales and retirements of property and equipment

   (1,289 )   (4,017 )   (762 )

Proportional share of results of equity method investments

   249     676     355  

Amortization of goodwill

   3,134     3,267     3,148  

Minority interest

   (212 )   870     434  

Write-offs and provisions

   13,671     7,202     11,768  

Foreign exchange losses/(gains)

   (2,353 )   (12,055 )   4,838  

Other

   (341 )   (256 )   (434 )

CHANGES IN ASSETS AND LIABILITIES

                  

Decrease (increase) in accounts receivable—trade

   45,099     7,474     (15,045 )

(Increase) decrease in inventories

   (8,967 )   1,958     (1,824 )

(Increase) decrease in other assets

   (603 )   40,730     (32,277 )

(Decrease) increase in accounts payable

   47,080     23,745     65,048  

(Decrease) increase in other liabilities

   19,179     14,957     8,674  
    

 

 

Net cash provided by operating activities

   346,753     235,734     138,825  
    

 

 

 

The accompanying Notes 1 to 25 form an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

 

F - 7


Table of Contents

LAN AIRLINES S.A. AND SUBSIDIARIES

 

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

 

AT DECEMBER 31, 2004

 

NOTE 1 - THE COMPANY

 

Lan Airlines S.A., formerly Lan Chile S.A., (“Lan” or the “Company”) is the largest domestic and international passenger/cargo air carrier in Chile and one of the largest airlines in Latin America. Together with its code-share arrangements and affiliated airlines, Lan serves fifteen destinations in Chile, eleven destinations in Perú, two in Ecuador, and in addition, twenty-seven destinations in Latin America, twenty-five destinations in North America, ten destinations in Europe and four in the South Pacific. Currently, the Company operates fifty-six passenger aircraft and seven freighters. Lan has alliances with American Airlines, Alaska Airlines, AeroMexico, British Airways, Iberia, Lufthansa Cargo, Mexicana, Qantas and TAM and is an official member of the oneworldTM global alliance.

 

The Company is a Chilean corporation (“Sociedad Anónima Abierta”) whose common stock is listed on the Santiago Stock Exchange, the Chilean Electronic Stock Exchange, and the Valparaíso Stock Exchange and whose American Depositary Receipts are traded on the New York Stock Exchange. Accordingly, the Company is subject to the regulations of both the Chilean Superintendency of Securities and Insurance (the “Superintendency”) and the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission.

 

NOTE 2 - SUMMARY OF ACCOUNTING POLICIES

 

a) Presentation

 

The consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in Chile, which include the accounting standards of the Superintendency. The preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in Chile (“Chilean GAAP”) requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

 

The Company has issued its statutory consolidated financial statements in Spanish and in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in Chile, which include certain notes and additional information required by the Superintendency for statutory purposes. Management believes that these additional notes and information are not essential for the complete understanding of the consolidated financial statements and, accordingly, these notes and additional information have been excluded from the accompanying financial statements.

 

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b) Consolidation

 

The consolidated financial statements for the years 2002, 2003 and 2004 include the following subsidiaries:

 

     December 31,

     2004

   2003

   2002

Percentage of direct and indirect ownership:

              

Lan Perú S.A.

   70.00    70.00    70.00

Inversiones Lan S.A. and subsidiaries

   99.71    99.71    99.71

Lan Cargo S.A. (formerly Lan Chile Cargo S.A.) and subsidiaries

   99.87    99.85    99.85

Inmobiliaria Aeronáutica S.A.

   100.00    100.00    100.00

Comercial Masterhouse S.A.

   100.00    100.00    100.00

Sistemas de Distribución Amadeus Chile S.A.

   100.00    100.00    100.00

Lan Courier S.A. and subsidiary

   100.00    100.00    100.00

Lan Card S.A.

   100.00    100.00    100.00

Lan Pax Group S.A. and subsidiary

   100.00    100.00    100.00

Lan Cargo Group S.A.

   100.00    100.00    100.00

Línea Aérea Nacional Chile S.A.

   100.00    100.00    100.00

Lan Chile Investments Limited and subsidiaries

   100.00    100.00    100.00

 

The effects of significant transactions between the subsidiaries and subsidiaries with the holding company have been eliminated in the consolidation and the participation of minority shareholders is shown in these financial statements as minority interest in the Consolidated Balance Sheets and Consolidated Statements of Income.

 

c) Use of estimates

 

The preparation of the consolidated financial statements requires the use of estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, the reported amounts of revenues and expenses and the disclosure of contingent liabilities. Management makes its best estimate of the ultimate outcome for these items based on historical trends and other information available when the financial statements are prepared. Changes in estimates are recognized in accordance with the accounting rules for the estimate, which is typically in the period when new information becomes available to management. Areas where the nature of the estimate makes it reasonably possible that actual results could materially differ from amounts estimated include: impairment assessments on long-lived assets (including goodwill), inventory obsolescence, engine overhaul provisions, tax liabilities and the associated deferred tax effects, contingent liabilities and other liabilities.

 

d) Price-level restatements

 

The financial statements of certain subsidiaries have been restated through the application of monetary correction rules in accordance with Chilean GAAP to show the effects of changes in the purchasing power of the Chilean peso, using indicators published by the National Institute of Statistics.

 

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e) Foreign currency transactions

 

Lan Chile and certain subsidiaries are authorized to maintain their accounting records and prepare their financial statements in US dollars. Because the US dollar is the functional and reporting currency, assets and liabilities denominated in other currencies are remeasured to US dollars at the exchange rates prevailing on December 31 of each year except for inventory, property and equipment, other assets and air traffic liability, which are remeasured at historical exchange rates. Revenues and expenses are generally translated at the exchange rates on the dates of the transactions.

 

Foreign currency transaction gains and losses are included in the Consolidated Statements of Income in Other income (expense) - net. The Company recorded a net foreign currency gain of ThUS$ 2,353, net gain of ThUS$ 12,055, and net loss of ThUS$ (4,838) for the years ended 2004, 2003 and 2002, respectively.

 

f) Time deposits

 

Time deposits are stated at cost plus accrued interest at year-end.

 

g) Marketable securities

 

Marketable securities include investments in bonds, government securities and mutual funds. Bonds and government securities are stated at the lower of cost plus accrued interest or market value plus accrued interest and mutual funds are stated at market value based on year-end quoted values.

 

h) Allowance for bad debts

 

The Company maintains an allowance for bad debts based on an analysis of the aging of the outstanding balances as well as other relevant information. Other relevant information includes detailed analysis of our customers’ payment history, an analysis of the current economic and commercial environment and all relevant available public information regarding our clients and the current business environment. Our policy for determining past due accounts focuses on the aging of the receivable balance and the different forms of payment used by the debtor. Receivable balances are written off against the allowance for bad debts once they are deemed uncollectible and all collection efforts and available legal measures have been exhausted.

 

i) Inventories

 

Inventories represent spare parts and materials that are expected to be consumed and used in third-party maintenance services within one year. No obsolescence reserve is recorded or deemed necessary and inventories are stated at the lower of cost (determined by the average cost method) or market.

 

j) Other current assets

 

Other current assets include primarily the fair value of hedged forecasted jet fuel derivative contracts in unrealized gain positions and restricted funds associated with aircraft leases.

 

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k) Property and equipment

 

Property and equipment are stated at cost and are depreciated by the straight-line method based on the estimated useful lives of the assets. Aircraft and engines are depreciated based on estimated useful life ranging from 10 to 20 years. Prior to January 1, 2003, aircraft and engines were depreciated based on hours flown. The cumulative effect of this change on net income for 2003 was not significant.

 

The residual values and basis of depreciation used for the principal asset classifications are:

 

Asset classification


   Residual Value (%)

  

Basis of depreciation


Boeing 767-300 F aircraft

   36    Useful life (15 years)

Boeing 767-300 ER aircraft

   36    Useful life (15 years)

Boeing 737-200 ADV aircraft

   15    Useful life (until December 31, 2008)

Boeing 767-200 ER aircraft

   36    Useful life (15 years)

DC-8 61F

   —      Useful life (until December 31, 2004)

Airbus A-320

   20    Useful life (20 years)

Engines 767

   36    Useful life (15 years)

Engines 737

   15    Useful life (until December 31, 2008)

Engines Airbus A-320

   20    Useful life (20 years)

Engines Airbus A-340

   36    Useful life (15 years)

Rotating parts

   20    Useful life (15 years)

Buildings

   —      Useful life (10-50 years)

Communications and computer equipment

   —      Useful life (5-10 years)

Furniture and office equipment

   —      Useful life (3-10 years)

 

Property and equipment include the revaluation increment arising from the technical appraisals of certain assets carried out in prior years in accordance with instructions issued by the Superintendency.

 

Inventories of materials and spare parts, net of provisions for obsolescense, included under other fixed assets within Property and equipment, are stated at their average cost.

 

The Company has entered into capital lease agreements related to six aircraft and certain buildings and equipment which have bargain purchase options at the end of each contract. These assets are not the legal property of the Company, because it cannot dispose of them until the purchase option is exercised. The assets are recorded at their fair value on the date of the lease agreement, which is determined by discounting the amounts payable in installments and the purchase option at the interest rate implicit, or explicit, in the contract.

 

The corresponding leasing obligations are presented under long-term liabilities and under the current portion of long-term leasing obligations.

 

Disbursements for the development of internal use software are charged to the results of operations as incurred. External direct costs of materials and services rendered in developing an enterprise resource planning system (an SAP R/3 system) and interest costs incurred during development are capitalized. Payroll related costs were not significant and have been expensed. Training costs and data conversion costs are expensed as incurred.

 

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Impairment losses on long-lived assets used in operations are recorded when events and circumstances indicate that the assets may be impaired and the undiscounted future cash flows estimated to be generated by these assets are less than the assets’ net book value. If an impairment occurs, the loss is measured by comparing the fair value of the asset to its carrying amount. Fair values are determined based on quoted market values, discounted cash flows or internal and external appraisals, as applicable.

 

l) Investments in related companies

 

Investments in related companies are included in Other assets using the equity method when they represent between 10% and 50% of the voting stock of the investee. Accordingly, the Company’s proportional share in the net income (or loss) of each investee is recognized on an accrual basis, after eliminating any unrealized profits or losses from transactions with the investees in Other income (expense) - net in the Consolidated Statements of Income.

 

m) Goodwill

 

Under Chilean GAAP, effective January 1, 2004, Technical Bulletin N° 72 (“TB 72”) requires the determination of goodwill and negative goodwill based on the fair value of the acquired company. Prior to January 1, 2004, goodwill included the excess of the purchase price of companies acquired over their net book value; negative goodwill was established when the net book value exceeded the purchase price of companies acquired. Goodwill and negative goodwill also arise from the purchase of investments accounted for by the equity method.

 

Goodwill and negative goodwill are amortized over 20 years considering the expected period of return of the investment. The Company evaluates the recoverability of goodwill on a periodic basis.

 

n) Sale leaseback

 

Gains on sale leaseback transactions are deferred and recognized over the terms of the lease agreements.

 

o) Air traffic liability and revenue recognition policy

 

Passenger ticket sales are recorded as a current liability when sold as air traffic liability in the Consolidated Balance Sheets.

 

Passenger and cargo revenues are recognized when the transportation service is provided, which, in the case of passenger revenues reduces the air traffic liability. Commissions payable related to such unearned earnings are shown net of the air traffic liability. Other revenues include aircraft leases, courier, logistic and ground services, duty free sales, and storage and customs brokering. These other revenues are recognized when services are provided.

 

p) Aircraft and engine maintenance costs

 

Minor unscheduled maintenance costs of owned and leased aircraft and engines are charged to income as incurred. Costs of major programmed maintenance are accrued based on the use of the aircraft and engines and are included in Other current liabilities and long-term Provisions in the Consolidated Balance Sheets. Such provisions are established based on the total flight hours of an aircraft.

 

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q) Deferred income tax

 

Effective January 1, 2000, the effects of deferred income taxes arising from temporary differences between the basis of assets and liabilities for tax and financial statement purposes are recorded in accordance with Technical Bulletin No. 60 of the Chilean Institute of Accountants and based on the enacted income tax rate which will be in effect when the temporary differences reverse. The effects of deferred income taxes at January 1, 2000 which were not previously recorded are recognized in income beginning in 2000 as the temporary differences reverse.

 

In order to mitigate the effects of recording deferred income taxes that under the prior income tax accounting standard were not expected to be realized, Technical Bulletin No. 60 provided for a period of transition. Under this transition period, the full effect of using the liability method is not recorded in income at the same time the deferred taxes are recorded in the balance sheet. Under this transitional provision, a contra asset or liability account (“complementary accounts”) have been recorded offsetting the effects of the deferred tax assets and liabilities not recorded prior to January 1, 2000. Such complementary accounts are amortized to income over the estimated average reversal periods corresponding to underlying temporary differences to which the deferred tax asset or liability relates.

 

Deferred income tax assets are reduced by a valuation allowance if, based on the weight of available evidence, it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the deferred income tax assets will not be realized. The valuation allowance should be sufficient to reduce the deferred income tax asset to an amount that is more likely than not to be realized.

 

r) Lan Pass awards and Lan Corporate

 

The estimated incremental cost of providing free travel awards under the Lan Pass and Lan Corporate programs are accrued based on the accumulated kilometers for each passenger at the end of each year and by the conditions established by the program and are included in Other current liabilities in the Consolidated Balance Sheets.

 

s) Employee vacations

 

The cost of employee vacations is recognized as an expense on an accrual basis as the vacations are earned by employees and are included in Other current liabilities in the Consolidated Balance Sheets.

 

t) Derivative instruments

 

The Company enters into hedging contracts including interest rate swap agreements, interest rate cap agreements, forward exchange contracts, jet fuel swap agreements, and jet fuel options. The contracts are accounted for in accordance with Technical Bulletin No. 57, “Accounting for Derivative Contracts” (“TB 57”) of the Chilean Institute of Accountants. Under TB 57 all derivative instruments are recognized on the balance sheet at their fair value. Derivative instruments are accounted for as follows:

 

Hedge Forecasted transaction:

 

The derivative instrument is stated at its fair value on the balance sheet and any change in the fair value is recognized on the balance sheet as an unrealized gain or loss in other assets, other liabilities, current or long term, as applicable. When the contract is settled, the unrealized gain or loss on the instrument is recognized in earnings in Other income (expense) - net in the Consolidated Statements of Income.

 

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Firm commitments hedging contracts:

 

The hedged item and derivative instrument are measured at fair value on the balance sheet. Unrealized gains and losses are recorded in earnings in Other income (expense) - net in the Consolidated Statements of Income if the net effect is a loss and deferred and recognized when the contract is settled if it is a gain. The unrecognized gains associated with the derivative instrument are included in other liabilities, current or long term, as applicable.

 

u) Cash and cash equivalents

 

The Company considers all short-term, highly-liquid investment securities with original maturities of three months or less to be cash equivalents for purposes of the Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows:

 

     At December 31,

     2004

   2003

   2002

     (In thousands of US$)

Cash

   11,620    4,988    3,326

Time deposits

   179,715    128,950    125,476

Marketable securities (see Note 3)

   25,533    23,814    30,619
    
  
  

Total

   216,868    157,752    159,421
    
  
  

 

v) Capitalized interest

 

Interest paid on borrowings used to acquire new aircraft is capitalized as an additional cost of the related assets until the aircraft is received. Interest is capitalized based on the Company’s weighted-average interest rate on long-term debt, or if applicable, the interest rate related to specific borrowings. Interest capitalization ends when the property or equipment is ready for service or its intended use. No interest was capitalized for the years ended December 31, 2004 and 2003. ThUS$ 3,162 was capitalized in 2002.

 

w) Advertising costs

 

The Company expenses advertising costs as Other operating expenses in the period incurred. Advertising expense totaled ThUS$ 15,607, ThUS$ 11,550 and ThUS$ 9,001 during 2004, 2003 and 2002, respectively.

 

x) Reclassifications

 

Certain 2002 and 2003 amounts in the accompanying financial statements have been reclassified to conform to the 2004 presentation. The reclassifications had no material effect on the previously reported presentation of net income, cash flows or shareholders’ equity.

 

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NOTE 3 - MARKETABLE SECURITIES

 

Marketable securities include the following:

 

     At December 31,

     2004

   2003

     (In thousands of US$)

Bonds

   87,757    60,117

Defined-term mutual funds

   25,533    23,814

Government securities and others

   —      1,094
    
  

Total

   113,290    85,025
    
  

 

Bonds recorded at December 31, 2004 are summarized as follows:

 

     Date of

   Interest
rate


   At December 31, 2004

     Purchase

   Maturity

     

Carrying

amount


   Market
value


               %    (In thousands of US$)

Chilean bonds

   03/03/2004    08/02/2006    7.380    54,308    60,193

Foreign bonds

   02/28/2004    11/20/2006    9.290    33,449    38,206
                   
  

Total

                  87,757    98,399
                   
  

 

NOTE 4 - ACCOUNTS RECEIVABLE

 

Accounts receivable are summarized as follows:

 

     At December 31,

     2004

   2003

     (In thousands of US$)

Accounts receivable - passenger services

   46,258    85,997

Accounts receivable - cargo services

   100,631    60,927

Other accounts receivable

   33,253    33,806
    
  

Total

   180,142    180,730
    
  

 

Accounts receivable are shown net of an allowance for bad debts of ThUS$ 25,250 at December 31, 2004 and ThUS$ 22,506 at December 31, 2003.

 

NOTE 5 - INVENTORIES

 

Inventories are summarized as follows:

 

     At December 31,

     2004

   2003

     (In thousands of US$)

Spare parts and materials used for third party maintenance

   32,070    31,100

Duty-free inventories

   3,253    2,291
    
  

Total

   35,323    33,391
    
  

 

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NOTE 6 - PREPAID EXPENSES

 

Prepaid expenses include the following:

 

     At December 31,

     2004

   2003

     (In thousands of US$)

Prepaid insurance on aircraft

   13,021    14,113

Prepaid rentals on aircraft and costs of receiving leased aircraft

   3,748    3,300

Prepaid advertising services

   383    1,274

Other

   5,988    5,393
    
  

Total

   23,140    24,080
    
  

 

Costs of receiving aircraft include all costs incurred by the Company and its subsidiaries when receiving aircraft in order for them to be operational. Such costs are deferred and amortized to operating expenses over the term of the specified contract. Costs of returning leased aircraft, excluding maintenance and overhaul, are expensed as incurred.

 

NOTE 7 - OTHER CURRENT ASSETS

 

Other current assets consist of the following:

 

     At December 31,

     2004

   2003

     (In thousands of US$)

Restricted funds associated with aircraft leases and purchases and other deposits

   1,825    6,681

Deposits on derivative contracts in a net unrealized loss position

   —      113

Fair value of jet fuel derivative contracts and others

   13,449    11,467
    
  

Total

   15,274    18,261
    
  

 

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NOTE 8 - PROPERTY AND EQUIPMENT AND FLEET COMPOSITION

 

a) Property and equipment

 

Property and equipment are summarized as follows:

 

     At December 31,

 
     2004

    2003

 
     (In thousands of US$)  

Flight equipment:

            

Boeing 767 aircraft under capital lease

   439,678     70,574  

Boeing 737 - 200ADV aircraft

   49,968     50,963  

Boeing 767 - 300ER aircraft

   —       239,436  

Boeing 767 - 300F freighter aircraft

   274,546     428,133  

Airbus A-320 aircraft

   142,469     142,469  

DC-8 aircraft

   1,433     3,483  

Engines and rotating parts

   170,463     168,356  

Spare parts

   11,595     5,586  

Other

   34,359     34,260  

Land and buildings:

            

Land

   10,739     9,597  

Buildings

   57,438     52,710  

Other installations

   20,619     18,087  

Construction in progress

   7,329     14,136  

Other fixed assets:

            

Communication and computer equipment

   78,426     64,494  

Furniture and office equipment

   14,587     15,423  

Equipment under capital leases

   688     849  

Other

   39,526     10,584  

Incremental value arising from technical appraisals of owned assets

   —       437  
    

 

Property and equipment (gross)

   1,353,863     1,329,577  

Less: Accumulated depreciation

   (374,889 )   (320,070 )
    

 

Property and equipment (net)

   978,974     1,009,507  
    

 

 

On September 30, 2004, the Company sold its 100% interests in Condor Leasing LLC and Eagle Leasing LLC, who are the owners of 5 Boeing 767 aircraft (3 and 2, respectively). The capital lease agreement under which Lan Airlines S.A. leased these aircraft has remained unchanged. As a result of this, these aircraft retain their balance sheet classification under flight equipment; however, they are now under the caption flight equipment under capital lease. Long-term debt (with its related current portion) associated with these aircraft has been reclassified from Loans from financial institutions to Obligations under capital leases.

 

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Included in property and equipment at December 31, 2004 and 2003, are ThUS$ 440,366 and ThUS$ 71,423 of equipment under capital leases with accumulated depreciation aggregating ThUS$ 141,876 and ThUS$ 44,821, respectively.

 

Depreciation expense for the years ended December 31, 2004, 2003 and 2002, amounted to ThUS$ 68,132, ThUS$ 67,750 and ThUS$ 64,094, respectively.

 

The balance of spare parts is presented net of a provision for obsolescence amounting to ThUS$ 12,788 at December 31, 2004 and ThUS$ 13,893 at December 31, 2003.

 

In 2002, the Company entered into a sale-leaseback transaction. Under the arrangement, engines were sold for US$ 13,100,000 and leased backed over a 7-year operating lease agreement. The gain on the sale of ThUS$ 6,833 is being amortized over the terms of the operating lease agreement.

 

b) Fleet composition

 

At December 31, 2004, the fleet of the Company consists of 65 aircraft, of which 26 aircraft are owned by, or under capital lease to, the Company and 39 aircraft are leased under operating leases.

 

Aircraft owned by the Company:

 

Aircraft


  

Model


  

Use


   2004

   2003

Boeing 737 (*)

   200ADV    Passenger/Freight    11    13

Boeing 737

   200ADV    Freight    1    —  

Boeing 767

   300ER    Passenger/Freight    3    3

Boeing 767

   300F    Freight    5    5

Boeing 767 (**)

   200ER    Passenger/Freight    1    1

Airbus A-320

   200    Passenger/Freight    4    4

DC-8

   71-F    Freight    —      1

DC-8

   61-F    Freight    1    1
              
  

Total owned

             26    28
              
  

 

(*) One aircraft was leased to Southern Winds S.A. under a contract beginning October, 2002. The contract was terminated during the year 2004.

 

(**) Acquired under a capital lease and subleased to Aerovías de México S.A. under a 9-year contract beginning June 16, 1996 and expiring in the year 2005.

 

Leased aircraft:

 

Aircraft


  

Model


  

Use


   2004

   2003

Boeing 767

   300ER    Passenger/Freight    12    8

Boeing 767

   300F    Freight    1    1

Boeing 737

   200ADV    Passenger/Freight    7    6

Airbus A 319

   100    Passenger/Freight    5    2

Airbus A 320

   200    Passenger/Freight    10    10

Airbus A 340

   300    Passenger/Freight    4    4
              
  

Total leased

             39    31
              
  

Total owned and leased

             65    59
              
  

 

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NOTE 9 - INVESTMENTS AND GOODWILL

 

a) Investments in related companies

 

Investments in related companies accounted for by the equity method are summarized as follows:

 

     Percentage of ownership

   Book value of
investment


   Proportional Share of
income (loss)


    (Deficit) during
development stage


 

Company


   2004

   2003

   2002

   2004

   2003

   2004

    2003

    2002

    2004

   2003

   2002

 
   %    %    %              (In thousands of US$)  

Concesionaria Chucumata S.A.

   16.70    16.70    16.70    345    359    83     70     64     —      —      —    

CAE Entrenamiento de Vuelo Chile Ltda. (ExFTCC)

   —      —      49.00    —      —      (35 )   (446 )   (42 )   —      —      —    

Lufthansa Lan Chile Technical Training S.A.

   50.00    50.00    50.00    482    394    53     30     59     —      —      —    

Austral Sociedad Concesionaria S.A.

   20.00    20.00    20.00    952    796    90     17     2     —      —      —    

Aerotransportes Mas de Carga S.A. de C.V.

   —      —      25.00    —      —      —       —       (80 )   —      —      —    

Florida West International Airways Inc. (1)

   25.00    25.00    25.00    —      —      (49 )   158     (202 )   —      —      —    

Skypost, Inc. (5)

   —      25.00    25.00    —      —      (136 )   (139 )   (139 )   —      —      —    

Choice Air Courier del Perú S.A.

   50.00    50.00    50.00    64    72    (2 )   (5 )   (17 )   —      —      —    

Líneas Aéreas Nacionales del Ecuador S.A. (3)

   —      —      100.00    —      —      —       —       —       —      —      (112 )

Puerto Montt Holding S.A. (2) (3)

   —      —      100.00    —      —      —       —       —       —      —      (1 )

Skynet London, Ltd. (4)

   —      —      —      —      —      —       (29 )   —       —      —      —    

SkyBox Internacional de Venezuela (4)

   —      —      —      —      —      —       (167 )   —       —      —      —    

SkyBox Soluciones Logísticas S.A. (4)

   —      —      —      —      —      —       (46 )   —       —      —      —    

Skynet Worldwide Express of California L.C. (4)

   —      —      —      —      —      —       (119 )   —       —      —      —    

Vimalcor S.A. (5)

   —      —      —      —      —      101     —       —       —      —      —    

Skyworld International Couriers S.A.

   —      —      —      —      —      (226 )   —       —       —      —      —    

Skybox de Colombia Ltda. (5)

   —      —      —      —      —      (128 )   —       —       —      —      —    
                   
  
  

 

 

 
  
  

Total

                  1,843    1,621    (249 )   (676 )   (355 )   —      —      (113 )
                   
  
  

 

 

 
  
  

 

(1) The Company has recorded a provision for investments in related companies with negative equity at year-end totaling ThUS$ 207 at December 31, 2004 and ThUS$ 335 at December 31, 2003 which is included in other current liabilities (See note 12).

 

(2) In accordance with Circular 981 of the Superintendency, disbursements made during the organization and start-up stage which are not assignable to tangible or intangible assets are included in shareholders´ equity as deficit in development period (See Note 18).

 

(3) For the year ending December 31, 2002, these companies were in the development stage and not consolidated for Chilean GAAP purposes.

 

(4) During 2003, this entity was sold or the operations were dissolved.

 

(5) During 2004, this entity was sold or the operations were dissolved.

 

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b) Goodwill and negative goodwill

 

The changes in Goodwill and negative goodwill during the years 2004 and 2003 were as follows:

 

Company


   Balance
January 1, 2004


    Additions
and deductions


    Amortization

    Balance
December 31, 2004


 
   (In thousands of US$)  

Goodwill on purchase of:

                        

Lan Cargo S.A. (Ex Lan Chile Cargo S.A.)

   24,556     —       (1,932 )   22,624  

Prime Airport Service Inc.

   510     —       (35 )   475  

Mas Investment Limited

   3,084     —       (180 )   2,904  

Air Cargo Limited

   726     —       (43 )   683  

Promotora Aérea Latinoamericana S.A.

   1,548     —       (84 )   1,464  

Vimalcor S.A.

   288     (276 )   (12 )   —    

Inversiones Aéreas S.A. (purchase of interest in Lan Perú S.A.)

   5,177     —       (294 )   4,883  

Aerolinheas Brasileiras S.A.

   2,587     —       (144 )   2,443  

Skyworld International Couriers, Inc.

   4,586     —       (254 )   4,332  

Lan Box, Inc.

   1,304     809     (103 )   2,010  

SkyBox Services Corp.

   804     —       (56 )   748  

Skyworld Internacional Courier S.A.

   12     —       (1 )   11  

H.G.A. Rampas y Servicios A. de Guayaquil S.A.

   40     —       (2 )   38  

H.G.A. Rampas del Ecuador S.A.

   40     —       (2 )   38  
    

 

 

 

     45,262     533     (3,142 )   42,653  

Negative goodwill on purchase of:

                        

Choice Air Courier del Perú S.A

   (77 )   —       2     (75 )

Americonsult de Guatemala S.A.

   (114 )   —       6     (108 )
    

 

 

 

     (191 )   —       8     (183 )
    

 

 

 

Total

   45,071     533     (3,134 )   42,470  
    

 

 

 

Company


   Balance
January 1, 2003


    Additions and
deductions


    Amortization

    Balance
December 31, 2003


 
   (In thousands of US$)  

Goodwill on purchase of:

                        

Lan Chile Cargo S.A.

   26,610     —       (2,054 )   24,556  

Prime Airport Service Inc.

   545     —       (35 )   510  

Mas Investment Limited

   3,070     191     (177 )   3,084  

Air Cargo Limited

   769     —       (43 )   726  

Promotora Aérea Latinoamericana S.A.

   1,632     —       (84 )   1,548  

Vimalcor S.A.

   303     —       (15 )   288  

Inversiones Aéreas S.A. (purchase of interest in Lan Perú S.A.)

   5,472     —       (295 )   5,177  

Aerolinheas Brasileiras S.A.

   2,731     —       (144 )   2,587  

Skyworld International Couriers, Inc.

   4,870     —       (284 )   4,586  

Lan Box, Inc.

   1,081     310     (87 )   1,304  

Skyworld Internacional Courier S.A.

   12     —       —       12  

SkyBox Services Corp.

   857     —       (53 )   804  

H.G.A. Rampas y Servicios A. de Guayaquil S.A.

   —       41     (1 )   40  

H.G.A. Rampas del Ecuador S.A.

   —       40     —       40  
    

 

 

 

     47,952     582     (3,272 )   45,262  

Negative goodwill on purchase of:

                        

Choice Air Courier del Perú S.A.

   (82 )   —       5     (77 )

Americonsult de Guatemala S.A.

   —       (114 )   —       (114 )
    

 

 

 

     (82 )   (114 )   5     (191 )
    

 

 

 

Total

   47,870     468     (3,267 )   45,071  
    

 

 

 

 

F - 20


Table of Contents
c) Acquisitions and other information

 

LanLogistics, Corp.

 

During April 2004, the Company’s indirect subsidiary LanLogistics Corp. acquired an additional 16% interest in its subsidiary Lan Box Inc. increasing its ownership to 96%. This acquisition was paid for through a service credit amounting to ThUS$ 541 and the transfer of 25% of its indirect interest in Skypost Inc. This transaction generated goodwill amounting to ThUS$ 809.

 

Mas Investment Limited (Bahamas)

 

During January 2003, Mas Investment Limited (Bahamas), a wholly-owned subsidiary of Lan Cargo Overseas Limited (a subsidiary of Lan Cargo S.A.), purchased 788,240 shares in Aerotransportes Mas de Carga S.A. for ThUS$ 788, increasing its ownership interest from 25% to 39.51%. Mas Investment Limited (Bahamas) recorded goodwill amounting to ThUS$ 191 as a result of this transaction. On March 28, 2002, Mas Investment Limited (Bahamas), participated in the share increase offering of its partner Aerotransportes Mas de Carga S.A. It invested ThUS$ 753 for 678,751 shares, maintaining its current ownership percentage of 25%.

 

In the same offering, Promotora Aérea Latinoamericana S.A., which is a consolidated subsidiary of Mas Investment Limited (Bahamas), took part in the share increase offering of the company Aerotransportes Mas de Carga S.A. in which it owns 75%. In order to maintain its ownership, it acquired 2,036,249 shares for ThUS$ 2,250.

 

Lan Cargo Overseas Limited

 

On April 3, 2002, Lan Cargo Overseas Limited purchased 550,000 shares of Vimalcor S.A., which is incorporated in the Oriental Republic of Uruguay for ThUS$ 400 representing a 50% ownership interest. During December 2004, the entire interest in Vimalcor S.A. was sold, generating a loss of ThUS$ 307.

 

CAE Entrenamiento de Vuelo Chile Ltda. (formerly Flight Training Center Chile S.A.)

 

During April 2004, Lan Airlines S.A., together with its subsidiary Lan Pax Group S.A., sold their interests in CAE Entrenamiento de Vuelo Chile S.A. for ThUS$ 1,877. This transaction generated a loss of ThUS$ 27.

 

F - 21


Table of Contents

NOTE 10 - ADVANCES FOR PURCHASES OF AIRCRAFT AND OTHER DEPOSITS

 

Advances for purchases of aircraft and other deposits are summarized as follows:

 

     At December 31,

     2004

   2003

     (In thousands of US$)

Advances for purchases of Boeing 767 and lease of Airbus aircraft

   163,173    36,125

Deposits on aircraft leases

   7,281    4,250

Other deposits

   2,037    1,403
    
  

Total

   172,491    41,778
    
  

 

NOTE 11 - OTHER ASSETS

 

Other assets are summarized as follows:

 

     At December 31,

     2004

   2003

     (In thousands of US$)

Unrealized losses on derivative contracts (1)

   23,670    24,851

Deposits related to aircraft to be purchased or leased and others

   9,048    9,285
    
  

Total

   32,718    34,136
    
  

 

(1) The corresponding fair value derivative contract liability is recorded in Other current liabilities and in Other creditors long term.

 

NOTE 12 - OTHER LIABILITIES AND PROVISIONS

 

Other liabilities and provisions are summarized as follows:

 

a) Other current liabilities

 

     At December 31,

     2004

   2003

     (In thousands of US$)

Engine overhaul provision

   75,506    56,302

Withholdings on employee salaries

   6,863    6,522

Employee vacations

   9,050    7,711

Lan Pass awards and Lan Corporate liability (frequent flyer mileage)

   6,628    5,582

Accumulated losses in Florida West International Airways, Inc. (See Note 9)

   207    335

Income taxes payable

   580    35

Boarding fees

   22,838    17,518

Others

   22,008    14,524
    
  

Total

   143,680    108,529
    
  

 

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Table of Contents
b) Provisions (long-term)

 

     At December 31,

     2004

   2003

     (In thousands of US$)

Engine overhaul provision

   84,109    65,420

Employee vacations

   7,441    5,375

Others

   9,260    4,188
    
  

Total

   100,810    74,983
    
  

 

NOTE 13 - INCOME TAX

 

a) Charges arising from income tax amount to ThUS$ 1,055, ThUS$ 481 and ThUS$ 116 in 2004, 2003 and 2002 respectively, and have been determined based on current local tax legislation.

 

b) Deferred income taxes

 

At December 31, 2004, the accumulated balances from deferred taxes originating from temporary differences were as follows:

 

     Deferred tax Assets

    Deferred tax Liabilities

 
     Short-term

   Long-term

    Short-term

   Long-term

 
     (In thousands of US$)  

Allowance for doubtful accounts

   3,735    —       —      —    

Provision for obsolescence of spare parts

   3,814    —       —      —    

Provision for vacations

   1,382    1,135     —      —    

Tax loss carry forwards

   1,424    45,328     —      —    

Others

   4,941    601     —      —    
    
  

 
  

Gross deferred tax assets

   15,296    47,064     —      —    
    
  

 
  

Prepaid expenses

   —      —       5,209    2,196  

Unearned income

   —      —       —      11,480  

Property and equipment

   —      —       —      90,614  

Others

   —      —       2    11,823  
    
  

 
  

Gross deferred tax liabilities

   —      —       5,211    116,113  
    
  

 
  

Less: Complementary accounts

   —      (656 )   —      (9,205 )

Deferred tax assets valuation allowance

   —      (10,803 )   —      —    
    
  

 
  

Total

   15,296    35,605     5,211    106,908  
    
  

 
  

 

F - 23


Table of Contents

At December 31, 2003, the accumulated balances from deferred taxes originating from temporary differences were as follows:

 

     Deferred tax Assets

    Deferred tax Liabilities

 
     Short-term

   Long-term

    Short-term

   Long-term

 
     (In thousands of US$)  

Allowance for doubtful accounts

   3,431    —       —      —    

Provision for obsolescence of spare parts

   2,499    —       —      —    

Provision for vacations

   1,144    850     —      —    

Tax loss carry forwards

   765    61,770     —      —    

Others

   4,315    639     —      —    
    
  

 
  

Gross deferred tax assets

   12,154    63,259     —      —    
    
  

 
  

Prepaid expenses

   —      —       3,901    1,355  

Unearned income

   —      —       —      6,401  

Property and equipment

   —      226     202    99,842  

Others

   —      —       13    3,563  
    
  

 
  

Gross deferred tax liabilities

   —      226     4,116    111,161  
    
  

 
  

Less: Complementary accounts

   —      (7,391 )   —      (20,547 )

Deferred tax assets valuation allowance

   —      (7,498 )   —      —    
    
  

 
  

Total

   12,154    48,596     4,116    90,614  
    
  

 
  

 

c) Effect on results

 

     For the years ended
December 31,


 
     2004

    2003

    2002

 
     (In thousands of US$)  

Current income tax expense

   (1,055 )   (481 )   (116 )

Deferred income tax expense

   (27,238 )   (17,861 )   (6,890 )
    

 

 

Total

   (28,293 )   (18,342 )   (7,006 )
    

 

 

 

NOTE 14 - BALANCES AND TRANSACTIONS WITH RELATED COMPANIES

 

a) Accounts receivable and payable with related parties are summarized as follows:

 

Current assets

 

Notes and accounts receivable from related companies:

 

          At December 31,

Company


  

Relationship


   2004

   2003

      (In thousands of US$)

San Alberto S.A. and subsidiaries

   Common ownership    189    189

Ultramar Agencia Marítima Ltda.

   Common ownership    10    16

Florida West International Airways Inc.

   Equity method investee    3,832    —  

Lufthansa Lan Chile Technical Training S.A.

   Equity method investee    —      212

Choice Air Courier del Perú S.A.

   Equity method investee    15    —  
         
  

Total

        4,046    417
         
  

 

F - 24


Table of Contents

Current liabilities

 

Notes and accounts payable to related companies:

 

          At December 31,

Company


   Relationship

   2004

   2003

      (In thousands of US$)

Lufthansa Lan Chile Technical Training S.A.

   Equity method investee    88    —  

Concesionaria Chucumata S.A.

   Equity method investee    6    8

Austral Sociedad Concesionaria S.A.

   Equity method investee    36    8

Florida West International Airways Inc.

   Equity method investee    —      347
         
  

Total

        130    363
         
  

 

Long-term assets

 

Notes and accounts receivable from related companies:

 

          At December 31,

Company


   Relationship

   2004

   2003

      (In thousands of US$)

Choice Air Courier del Perú S.A.

   Equity method investee    94    262
         
  

Total

        94    262
         
  

 

Long-term liabilities

 

Notes and accounts payable to related companies:

 

          At December 31,

Company


   Relationship

   2004

   2003

      (In thousands of US$)

Ultramar Agencia Marítima Ltda.

   Common ownership    446    573

Skypost, Inc.

   Equity method investee    —      447

Florida West International Airways Inc.

   Equity method investee    93    5
         
  
          539    1,025
         
  

 

F - 25


Table of Contents
b) The main transactions with related entities are summarized as follows:

 

Company


  

Relationship


  

Description of transaction


   Amount

         2004

   2003

   2002

     (In thousands of US$)

Florida West International Airways Inc.

  

Equity method investee

Lan owns 25%

   Aircraft rents received    35,767    31,095    22,910
          Line aircraft maintenance received    187    1,582    1,409
          Aircraft rents provided    20,498    18,657    19,699
          Air cargo services provided    —      952    1,866
          Others transactions provided    5,754    1,488     
          Jet fuel payments    3,817    9,733    —  
          Interline collection    2,808    3,702    —  
          Other payments    3,579    —      —  

Aerotransportes Mas de Carga S.A. de C.V.

  

Equity method investee

Lan owned 25%

   Aircraft rents provided    —      —      8,568
          Air cargo services provided    —      —      337
          Others transactions provided    —      —      681
          Air cargo services received    —      —      4,840
          Services received    —      —      9,166
          Jet fuel payments    —      —      897
          Others transactions received    —      —      3,429

Luis Ignacio Sierra Arriola

   Common ownership    Purchase of investments    —      —      2,250

Inmobiliaria Parque San Luis Dos S.A.

   Common ownership    Real estate transaction    15    7,270    —  

 

The Company’s objective is to transact business with its related companies or individuals at prices and at terms equivalent to those used in transacting business with unrelated parties.

 

NOTE 15 - LOANS FROM FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS (LONG-TERM)

 

Long-term loans from financial institutions are summarized as follows:

 

    

Payable during the years


   Interest rate at
December 31, 2004


   At December 31,

           2004

   2003

        %    (In thousands of US$)

Loan in US dollars

   2000 - 2011 (quarterly)    —      —      251,237

Loan in US dollars

   2000 - 2005 (biannually)    LIBOR+1.4    1,500    3,000

Loan in US dollars

   2001 - 2012 (quarterly)    LIBOR+0.3178    64,505    66,095

Loan in US dollars

   2001 - 2013 (quarterly)    LIBOR+0.2648    148,367    158,660

Loan in US dollars

   2002 - 2014 (quarterly)    LIBOR+0.9656    128,173    133,595

Loan in US dollars

   2002 - 2006 (quarterly)    LIBOR+1.4    8,786    9,327

Loan in US dollars

   2002 - 2004 (biannually)    —      —      910
              
  

Total

             351,331    622,824
              
  

Less - current portion

             34,098    63,155
              
  

Long - term portion

             317,233    559,669
              
  

 

All of our loans from financial institutions are collateralized and thus they are secured by the same asset that is subject of the financing. These include eight Boeing aircraft, four Airbus aircraft, spare engines and our corporate building. There are no additional collateral arrangements in connection with these financings.

 

Information with respect to restrictive covenants is detailed under the heading “Covenants” in Note 22 to the financial statements.

 

F - 26


Table of Contents

Scheduled payments of long-term loans from financial institutions at December 31, 2004 are as follows:

 

Payments during the years ended December 31,


   (In thousands of US$)

2006

   39,579

2007

   32,775

2008

   34,109

2009

   34,655

2010 - 2013

   153,612

2014

   22,503
    

Total

   317,233
    

 

NOTE 16 - SECURITIZATION OBLIGATION

 

Effective March 30, 1999, the Company signed a contract with Pelican Finance Ltd. for the securitization of future credit card receivables aggregating ThUS$ 60,000 originating from certain ticket agents in the United States. At December 31, 1999, the Company had received the entire proceeds of ThUS$ 60,000 which were reported as a securitization obligation on the balance sheet. The terms of this contract are for the years between 2001 and 2006 with an annual financial cost of 6.82%.

 

On August 22, 2002, the Company signed a new securitization contract with Pelican Finance Ltd. The contract securitizes future credit card receivables aggregating ThUS$ 40,000. The terms of this contract are for the years between 2006 and 2009 with an annual financial cost of 6.69%. At December 31, 2002, the Company had received the entire proceeds of ThUS$ 40,000 which were reported as a securitization obligation on the balance sheet.

 

The principal is payable as follows:

 

Payments during the years Ended December 31,


   (In thousands of US$)

2006

   11,817

2007

   11,971

2008

   12,826

2009

   6,752
    

Subtotal

   43,366

Current portion - 2005

   12,908
    

Total

   56,274
    

 

NOTE 17 - LEASING OBLIGATIONS

 

As indicated in Note 8, at December 31, 2004, the Company financed thirty-nine jet aircraft pursuant to operating leases and six jet aircraft pursuant to a capital lease. The Company also leases maintenance facilities, other airport facilities, computer equipment and vehicles pursuant to capital leases.

 

F - 27


Table of Contents

The future minimum lease payments required under capital leases, together with the present value of such minimum lease payments and future minimum lease payments required under operating leases that have initial or remaining non-cancelable lease terms in excess of one year as of December 31, 2004, were as follows:

 

Payable during the year ending December 31,


   Operating
leases
(aircraft)


   Capital
leases


 
     (In thousands of US$)  

2005

   139,252    45,347  

2006

   134,904    40,132  

2007

   115,075    41,819  

2008

   99,638    43,009  

2009

   87,647    43,800  

2010 - 2014

   280,973    44,376  

2015 - 2019

   16,855    8,787  
    
  

Total minimum lease payments

   874,344    267,270  
    
  

Less: Amount representing interest

        (36,152 )

Present value of minimum lease payments

        231,118  

Less: Current portion of obligation

        (38,817 )
         

Long-term portion of leasing obligations

        192,301  
         

 

Aircraft operational lease expenses recorded in the Consolidated Statement of Income amounted to ThUS$ 132,425, ThUS$ 139,138 and ThUS$ 159,793 for the years ended December 31, 2004, 2003 and 2002, respectively.

 

F - 28


Table of Contents

NOTE 18 - SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY

 

a) Changes in Shareholders’ equity

 

The changes in shareholders’ equity during 2002, 2003 and 2004 were as follows:

 

                    Retained earnings

 
     Number of
shares


   Common
stock


   Reserves

   (Deficit) in
development
period of
subsidiary


    Accumulated
earnings


    Interim
dividends


    Net income
for the
year


    Total

 
     (In thousands of US$ except Number of shares)  

Balances at December 31, 2001

   318,909,090    134,303    2,620    (7,025 )   147,792     —       10,842     288,532  

Transfer to accumulated earnings

   —      —      —      —       10,842     —       (10,842 )   —    

Final dividends paid

   —      —      —      —       (1,407 )   —       —       (1,407 )

Deficit in development period of subsidiary

   —      —      —      (113 )   —       —       —       (113 )

Interim dividends

   —      —      —      —       —       (8,958 )   —       (8,958 )

Net income for the year 2002

   —      —      —      —       —       —       30,808     30,808  
    
  
  
  

 

 

 

 

Balances at December 31, 2002

   318,909,090    134,303    2,620    (7,138 )   157,227     (8,958 )   30,808     308,862  
    
  
  
  

 

 

 

 

Transfer to accumulated earnings

   —      —      —      7,138     14,712     8,958     (30,808 )   —    

Final dividends paid

   —      —      —      —       (4,854 )   —       —       (4,854 )

Deficit in development period of subsidiary

   —      —      —      —       —       —       —       —    

Interim dividends

   —      —      —      —       —       (34,999 )   —       (34,999 )

Net income for the year 2003

   —      —      —      —       —       —       83,555     83,555  
    
  
  
  

 

 

 

 

Balances at December 31, 2003

   318,909,090    134,303    2,620    —       167,085     (34,999 )   83,555     352,564  
    
  
  
  

 

 

 

 

Transfer to accumulated earnings

   —      —      —      —       48,556     34,999     (83,555 )   —    

Final dividends paid

   —      —      —      —       (6,776 )   —       —       (6,776 )

Interim dividends

   —      —      —      —       —       (74,783 )   —       (74,783 )

Net income for the year 2004

   —      —      —      —       —       —       163,552     163,552  
    
  
  
  

 

 

 

 

Balances at December 31, 2004

   318,909,090    134,303    2,620    —       208,865     (74,783 )   163,552     434,557  
    
  
  
  

 

 

 

 

 

b) Capital

 

The authorized and paid-in capital of the Company is ThUS$ 134,303 at both December 31, 2003 and 2004 and corresponds to 318,909,090 shares without par value.

 

c) Other reserves

 

Reserves at December 31 of each year were as follows:

 

     At December 31,

     2004

   2003

     (In thousands of US$)

Reserve for adjustment of the value of fixed assets

   2,556    2,556

Reserve for adjustment of the value of leased fixed assets

   64    64
    
  

Total

   2,620    2,620
    
  

 

These reserves are not distributable and may only be used for capitalization of the Company.

 

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Table of Contents
d) Dividends

 

At the Annual Shareholders’ Meeting held on April 26, 2002, the shareholders agreed to distribute a final dividend of ThUS$ 1,407 (US$ 0.00442 per share) with respect to net income for 2001.

 

At a meeting of the Board of Directors held on December 26, 2002, the directors agreed to distribute an interim dividend of ThUS$ 8,958 (US$ 0.028099 per share) with respect to net income for 2002.

 

At the Annual General Meeting held on April 25, 2003, the shareholders agreed to distribute a final dividend of ThUS$ 13,812 (US$ 0.043309 per share) with respect to net income for 2002, considering an interim dividend of ThUS$ 8,958 (US$ 0.028099 per share). These dividends of ThUS$ 4,854 (US$ 0.01521 per share) were paid during May, 2003.

 

At an extraordinary meeting of the Board of Directors held on August 1, 2003, the directors agreed to distribute an interim dividend of ThUS$ 11,583 (US$ 0.03632 per share) with respect to net income for 2003.

 

At a meeting of the Board of Directors held on October 28, 2003, the directors agreed to distribute an interim dividend of ThUS$ 23,416 (US$ 0.073425 per share) with respect to net income for 2003.

 

At the Annual General Meeting held on April 30, 2004, the shareholders agreed to distribute a final dividend amounting to US$ 0.130995 per share meaning that, after deducting the interim dividends distributed during August and October amounting to US$ 0.03632 and US$ 0.073425 per share respectively, a balance of US$ 0.02125 per share for a total of ThUS$ 6,776 was to be paid during May 2004.

 

On August 4, 2004, during an Extraordinary Board of Directors meeting, an interim dividend of US$ 0.12475 per share for a total of ThUS$ 39,785 was agreed upon.

 

On November 30, 2004, the Board of Directors agreed to pay, an interim dividend of US$ 0.10974 per share for a total of ThUS$ 34,998.

 

e) Major shareholders

 

The major shareholders of the Company at December 31, 2004, were as follows:

 

     Percentage of
Ownership


     %

Inversiones Costa Verde Ltda. y Compañía en Comandita por Acciones

   27.49

Axxion S.A.

   20.64

Inversiones Santa Cecilia S.A.

   6.89
    

Total

   55.02
    

 

In July 2004, the above shareholders entered into a management and control agreement.

 

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Table of Contents

NOTE 19 - OTHER OPERATING REVENUES

 

The Other revenues were comprised of the following:

 

     For the year ended December 31,

     2004

   2003

   2002

     (In thousands of US$)

Aircraft leases

   40,123    38,825    49,039

Logistics and couriers

   19,906    27,400    39,788

Ground services

   13,468    10,800    8,291

Duty free

   12,288    10,799    8,193

Storage and customs brokerage

   8,947    10,100    6,690

Others

   29,508    20,468    15,924
    
  
  

Total

   124,240    118,392    127,925
    
  
  

 

NOTE 20 - OPERATING EXPENSES

 

Wages and benefits are summarized as follows:

 

     At December 31,

     2004

   2003

   2002

     (In thousands of US$)

Flight personnel

   85,739    66,418    58,611

Maintenance personnel

   29,635    26,702    23,980

Ground personnel

   63,029    53,873    49,043

Administrative and corporate employees

   114,420    93,931    83,644
    
  
  

Total

   292,823    240,924    215,278
    
  
  

 

Other operating expenses include general and administrative expenses of ThUS$ 97,036 in 2004, ThUS$ 81,173 in 2003 and ThUS$ 88,132 in 2002.

 

Other operating expenses also include advertising, promotional, and marketing expenses of ThUS$ 15,607 in 2004, ThUS$ 11,550 in 2003 and ThUS$ 9,001 in 2002.

 

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NOTE 21 - OTHER INCOME (EXPENSE) - NET

 

Other income (expense) - net for each year are summarized as follows:

 

     For the year ended December 31,

 
     2004

    2003

    2002

 
     (In thousands of US$)  

Non-operating income:

                  

Swap fuel contracts

   46,529     12,302     —    

Foreign currency transactions (net)

   2,353     12,055     —    

Earnings on investments (equity method)

   327     275     125  

Income from financial advisory services and others

   —       485     23,555  

Other

   2,443     6,582     4,139  
    

 

 

Total

   51,652     31,699     27,819  
    

 

 

Non-operating expenses:

                  

Swap fuel contracts

   —       —       (5,454 )

Amortization of goodwill

   (3,134 )   (3,272 )   (3,150 )

Foreign currency transactions (net)

   —       —       (4,838 )

Losses on investments (equity method)

   (576 )   (951 )   (480 )

Non-recurring indemnities paid to employees

   —       (1,121 )   —    

Other

   (2,780 )   (2,232 )   (711 )
    

 

 

Total

   (6,490 )   (7,576 )   (14,633 )
    

 

 

Other income (expense) - net

   45,162     24,123     13,186  
    

 

 

 

During 2001, the Company made the decision to reduce its operations by approximately 10%, with the most substantial reduction being in flights to the United States due to the aftermath of the September 11 terrorist attacks. In connection with the reduction in service, the Company reduced its workforce by approximately 7%, resulting in non-operating expenses of ThUS$ 5,540 due to the payment of indemnities to terminated employees during 2001. These costs represent the termination of 761 maintenance, cabin crew and administrative employees during the year. Additional payments, due to employee claims resulting from these actions were paid during 2003.

 

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NOTE 22 - COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES

 

At December 31, 2004 and 2003, the Company had granted the following mortgages, liens and guarantees:

 

Direct Guarantees (In thousands of US$):

 

    

Assets Pledged as Collateral


   Amount outstanding at
Balance sheet date


Type of Guarantee


  

Type


   Book Value

   2004

   2003

Mortgage and pledge

   Aircraft and motors    366,313    341,045    609,587

Mortgage

   Building    9,455    8,786    9,327

Pledge

   Motors    6,737    1,500    3,000

Pledge

   Spare parts    400    —      —  

Co-signer

   Rental contract    —      3,500    3,500

Pledge

   Rental contract    —      128,173    133,595

 

Indirect Guarantees:

 

The Company guaranteed a ThUS$ 3,500 letter of credit dated April 26, 2001, granted in favor of Celestial Aviation Trading 16 Limited due to an Aircraft Lease Agreement (“Lease”) between Lan Cargo S.A. (formely Lan Chile Cargo S.A.) and Celestial Aviation Trading 16 Limited . The Company guarantee is valid until the lease expiration date (November 1, 2006) and was required by Celestial Aviation Trading 16 Limited, the owner of the aircraft. As a result, the Company would be liable for repayment of such letter of credit, should Lan Cargo S.A. not fulfill its obligation under the lease. No liability is carried on the balance sheet for the Company’s obligation under the guarantee.

 

Commitments

 

On March 19, 1998, the Company entered into a purchase agreement for twenty Airbus A320 aircraft (with the option to purchase an additional twenty aircraft). The estimated cost of these twenty aircraft is ThUS$ 840,000. This agreement was subsequently amended to require the delivery of A319 aircraft instead of A320 aircraft. In August 1999, the Company entered into another agreement to purchase seven Airbus A340 aircraft (with an option to purchase an additional fourteen aircraft in the future). The estimated maximum cost for these seven aircraft is ThUS$ 700,000.

 

During November 2003, Lan Airlines S.A. agreed with Airbus Industries and a bank syndicate led by Credit Lyonnais to cancel the delivery of one Airbus A340 aircraft which was scheduled for 2004. At the same time, Lan Airlines S.A. exercised call options for three Airbus A319 aircraft.

 

At December 31, 2004, the remaining commitment for the purchase of nine Airbus 319 and two Airbus 340 aircraft amounted to ThUS$ 524,000.

 

In April 2004, we also entered into an amendment to our master purchase agreement with The Boeing Company to acquire two Boeing Model 767-316F Aircraft for a total purchase price of approximately US$258 million. While the purchase agreement provides for flexibility in setting the delivery dates for the two aircraft, we expect to take delivery in July and October 2005.

 

As of November 11, 2004, Lan Airlines S.A. entered into a purchase agreement with The Boeing Company to acquire four additional aircraft of the 767-300 family with delivery during 2006. This purchase agreement provides for flexibility to choose between passenger or freighter aircraft. The purchase commitment amounts to US$ 560 million at December 31, 2004.

 

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Contingencies

 

At December 31, 2004, the Company was a defendant in five labor disputes filed by the Pilots’ Union and the Cabin Crew Union, requesting the payment of bonuses for the years ended December 31, 1999, 2000, 2001, and 2002. The Company has made no provision for these amounts because management believes that the outcome of the suits will be favorable to the Company and any losses incurred will not be material.

 

At December 31, 2004, the Company was a defendant in a number of commercial lawsuits of the type normally associated with the Company’s business and involving claims for damages for insignificant amounts. The Company has made no provision for these amounts because management believes that most of the resulting judgments will be favorable and any losses incurred will not result in any material liability to the Company.

 

Covenants

 

As a result of the various contracts entered into by Lan Airlines S.A. (formerly Lan Chile S.A.) to finance the Boeing 767 aircraft that are financed by the Export – Import Bank of the United States, the Company is required to comply with certain restrictions regarding shareholder composition and disposal of assets.

 

The loan agreements with Dresdner Bank Lateinamerika A.G. and BBVA - Banco Bhif have placed restrictions on the Company’s ability to dispose of certain of its fixed assets.

 

As a result of the various contracts entered into by Lan Airlines S.A. to finance the Airbus A320 aircraft that are guaranteed by various European export credit agencies, the Company is required to comply with certain restrictions regarding shareholder composition and disposal of assets.

 

As a result of the securitization contracts with Pelican Finance Ltd. in March 1999 and August 2002 respectively, there are certain restrictions on the use of the future cash flows which have been securitized.

 

As of December 31, 2004, the Company was in compliance with all covenants.

 

Other

 

At December 31, 2004, the Company had approved credit lines in the amount of ThUS$ 103,000. These credit lines are used mainly to cover (a) stand-by credit letters issued in favor of aircraft lessors and airports in the United States of America and other countries and (b) bank credit letters issued in favor of the local air administration or the Chilean Government.

 

Additionally, the Company has an approved credit line amounting to ThUS$ 30,000 with the International Finance Corporation (IFC). The terms of the contract state a variable interest rate and a payment term of 18 months starting from the moment the funds are drawn. At December 31, 2004, no funds have been used.

 

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NOTE 23 - FOREIGN CURRENCIES

 

Foreign currency assets and liabilities at December 31 of each year are summarized as follows:

 

     At December 31,

     2004

   2003

     (In thousands of US$)

Assets denominated in:

         

Chilean pesos

   110,625    85,733

Other currencies

   44,383    38,018
    
  

Total

   155,008    123,751
    
  

Liabilities denominated in:

         

Chilean pesos

   51,132    33,698

Other currencies

   23,451    9,485
    
  

Total

   74,583    43,183
    
  

 

NOTE 24 - SEGMENT REPORTING

 

The Company reports segment information in accordance with Statement of Financial Accounting Standard No. 131, “Disclosures About Segments of an Enterprise and Related Information (“SFAS 131”). SFAS 131 establishes standards for reporting information about operating segments in annual financial statements as well as related disclosures about products and services, geographic areas and major customers. Operating segments are defined as components of an enterprise about which separate financial statement information is available that is evaluated regularly by the chief operating decision maker in making decisions about allocating resources and assessing performance. The Company considers that it has one reportable segment. The Company’s operating revenues by geographic region are summarized below:

 

     Year ended December 31,

     2004

   2003

   2002

     (In thousands of US$)

Domestic (Chile)

   332,890    294,076    278,040

North America

   1,099,936    831,832    816,060

South America (excluding Chile)

   458,594    342,223    145,058

Europe

   146,143    134,177    182,796

Pacific

   55,382    36,492    30,480
    
  
  

Total

   2,092,945    1,638,800    1,452,434
    
  
  

 

The Company attributes operating revenues to the geographical area in which the relevant overseas point of the flight lies. The Company’s tangible assets consist primarily of flight equipment which is mobile across geographic markets and, therefore, has not been allocated.

 

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NOTE 25 - DIFFERENCES BETWEEN CHILEAN AND UNITED STATES GENERALLY ACCEPTED ACCOUNTING PRINCIPLES

 

Accounting principles generally accepted in Chile (“Chilean GAAP”) vary in certain important respects from accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (“US GAAP”). Such differences involve certain methods for measuring the amounts shown in the financial statements, as well as additional disclosures required by US GAAP.

 

1. Differences in measurement methods

 

The principal methods applied in the preparation of the accompanying financial statements, which have resulted in amounts which differ from those that would have otherwise been determined under US GAAP, are as follows:

 

a) Deferred income tax

 

As discussed in Note 13, effective January 1, 2000, the Company began applying Technical Bulletin No. 60 of the Chilean Institute of Accountants concerning deferred income taxes. Technical Bulletin No. 60 requires the recognition of deferred income taxes for all temporary differences arising after January 1, 2000, whether recurring or not, using an asset and liability approach. For US GAAP purposes, the Company has always applied Statement of Financial Accounting Standard (“SFAS”) No. 109, “Accounting for Income Taxes”, whereby income taxes are also recognized using substantially the same asset and liability approach. Deferred income tax assets and liabilities established for temporary differences between the financial reporting basis and tax basis of the Company’s assets and liabilities are based on enacted rates at the dates that the temporary differences are expected to reverse. The effect of changes in tax rates is included in income for the period that includes the enactment date.

 

After the year ended December 31, 1999, Chilean GAAP and US GAAP differ due to the recognition for US GAAP purposes of the reversal of deferred income taxes included in the US GAAP reconciliations in years prior to 2000.

 

Prior to the implementation of Technical Bulletin No. 60, no deferred income taxes were recorded under Chilean GAAP if the related timing differences were expected to be offset in the year that they were projected to reverse by new timing differences of a similar nature.

 

Furthermore, deferred income tax assets under both Chilean and US GAAP should be reduced by a valuation allowance if, based on the weight of available evidence, it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the deferred income tax assets will not be realized. The valuation allowance should be sufficient to reduce the deferred income tax asset to an amount that is more likely than not to be realized.

 

The effect of providing for deferred income taxes for the differences between the amounts shown for assets and liabilities in the balance sheet and the tax bases of those assets and liabilities is included in paragraph 1 n) below and certain disclosures required under FAS 109 are set forth under paragraph 2 c) below.

 

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b) Goodwill

 

Until December 31, 2003, under Chilean GAAP, the excess of cost over the net book value of a purchased company was recorded as goodwill (the book value purchase method), which was then amortized to income over a maximum period of twenty years. Amortization of goodwill may be accelerated if the acquired company generates sufficient income to absorb the additional amortization in any given year. The excess of net book value over the cost of an investment was considered to be negative goodwill under Chilean GAAP and is also amortized to income over a maximum period of twenty years. The amortization of negative goodwill may be accelerated if the acquired company sustains losses.

 

Under US GAAP, goodwill and other intangibles are accounted for under SFAS No. 141, “Business Combinations” and SFAS No. 142, “Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets”. SFAS No. 141 requires the purchase method of accounting be used for all business combinations initiated after June 30, 2001 and prohibits the use of the pooling-of-interests method of accounting after this date. With respect to the purchase method of accounting, the cost of an investment is assigned to the tangible and identified intangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed on the basis of their fair values at the date of acquisition. Any excess of cost over the fair value of net assets acquired is recorded as goodwill. If an excess of acquired net assets over cost arises, the excess is allocated to reduce proportionally the values assigned to noncurrent assets (except long-term investments in marketable securities) in determining their fair values. If the allocation reduces the noncurrent assets to zero value, the remainder of the excess over cost (negative goodwill) is written off immediately as an extraordinary gain. SFAS No. 141 establishes specific criteria for the recognition of intangible assets separately from goodwill and requires unallocated negative goodwill to be written off immediately as an extraordinary gain (instead of being deferred and amortized).

 

SFAS No. 142, “Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets” establishes the following:

 

    The accounting for a recognized intangible asset is based on its useful life to the reporting entity. An intangible asset with a finite useful life is amortized over the life of the asset, but goodwill and other intangible assets with indefinite useful lives are not amortized.

 

    The remaining useful lives of intangible assets being amortized are evaluated each reporting period to determine whether events and circumstances warrant a revision to the remaining period of amortization. If the estimate of an intangible asset’s remaining useful life is changed, the remaining carrying value of the intangible asset is amortized prospectively over the revised remaining useful life.

 

    Goodwill and other intangible assets with indefinite useful lives that are not subject to amortization are tested for impairment at least annually.

 

    All goodwill must be assigned to a reporting unit, which is defined as an operating segment or one level below an operating segment.

 

SFAS No. 142 became effective for years beginning after December 15, 2001. Accordingly, goodwill amortization was ceased for US GAAP purposes beginning in 2002.

 

As discussed in Note 9, the Company made a number of acquisitions in 2002 and 2003, these acquisitions were recorded pursuant to the book value purchase method for Chilean GAAP purposes. For the acquisitions in 2002 and 2003, there were no significant differences in the allocation of the purchase price or the determination of goodwill between the book value purchase method in accordance with Chilean GAAP and the purchase accounting method required pursuant to SFAS No. 141 in accordance with US GAAP. The companies acquired are not material to the consolidated financial position of the Company and therefore, pro forma financial statements showing the effect on operations as if the acquisitions had been completed at the beginning of the period are not presented.

 

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For US GAAP purposes, the reversal of amortization of goodwill from the purchases made by the Company and the purchase accounting adjustments of conforming business acquisitions prior to June 30, 2001 to US GAAP are shown in paragraph 1 n) below. As a result of the annual impairment tests performed by the Company, no adjustment to the book value of goodwill was deemed necessary.

 

Under Chilean GAAP, the cost of an equity method investment is separated into an investment component (based on the purchase of the proportionate share of equity according to book values) and a goodwill component (based on the difference between the amount paid and the proportional book value of the investment). Under US GAAP, these components are combined in one balance sheet caption as an investment, and goodwill is determined in a manner similar to a consolidated subsidiary based on proportionate ownership. No disclosure has been presented of the effect of the reclassification between goodwill as determined under Chilean GAAP for equity method investments and goodwill determined under US GAAP as the effect of this reclassification is not significant.

 

The effects of reclassifying negative goodwill for the acquisitions in 2002 and 2003 as determined under Chilean GAAP to proportionately reduce the values assigned to the non-current assets acquired in accordance with US GAAP are not significant.

 

c) Revaluation of property and equipment

 

As mentioned in Note 2 k), certain property and equipment are valued in the financial statements at amounts determined in accordance with a technical appraisal. The revaluation of property and equipment is an accounting principle that is not generally accepted in the United States. The effects of the reversal of this revaluation, as well as of the related accumulated depreciation and depreciation expense for each year, are shown below under paragraph 1 n).

 

d) Minimum dividend

 

As required by the Chilean Companies Act, unless otherwise decided by the unanimous vote of the issued and subscribed shares, an open stock corporation must distribute a cash dividend in an amount equal to at least 30% of the company’s net income for each year adjusted for the deficit under developing period as determined in accordance with Chilean GAAP. Since the payment of the 30% dividend out of each year’s income is a legal requirement in Chile, provision has been made in the accompanying US GAAP reconciliation in 1 n) below to recognize the corresponding decrease in net equity at December 31 of each year for the difference between the minimum dividend and interim dividends paid during the year. Under Chilean GAAP, even though the minimum dividend is a legal requirement, the dividend is not recorded until it is declared by the Company. For 2004 and 2003, the full amount of the required dividend was declared as interim dividends and recorded by the Company, therefore, no adjustment is necessary.

 

e) Development stage results of operations

 

For Chilean GAAP purposes, investments in majority-owned subsidiaries in the development stage are recorded by the equity method and the investor’s proportional share of the subsidiary’s results of operations are recorded as a reserve which forms part of shareholders’ equity. For US GAAP purposes, majority-owned subsidiaries in the development stage are consolidated and the results of their operations are charged directly to income. The difference between charging development stage results to equity under Chilean GAAP and to income under US GAAP has been included in the reconciliation of net income under paragraph 1 n) below. No disclosure of the effect of consolidation of such subsidiaries has been made because the effects are not significant. During the years ended December 31, 2004 and 2003, there were no unconsolidated developmental stage majority-owned subsidiaries.

 

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f) Equity method of accounting

 

As mentioned in Note 2 l), for Chilean GAAP purposes, investments in related companies are accounted for pursuant to the equity method when the company’s investment represents between 10% and 50% of the voting stock of the investee. For US GAAP purposes prior to February 1, 2003, investments in related companies required the use of the equity method of accounting for investments which give the investor the ability to exercise significant influence over operating and financial policies of the investee. For those companies which were determined to be controlled through the Company’s investment (generally, ownership of over 50% of the outstanding voting shares), US GAAP required consolidation. Subsequent to February 1, 2003, US GAAP requires the determination of whether an entity should be consolidated in accordance with FASB Interpretation No. 46, “Consolidation of Variable Interest Entities” (“FIN 46”).

 

Relative to the Company’s investments in related companies, there are no differences in the application of the equity method or consolidation between Chilean GAAP and US GAAP.

 

g) Monetary correction of subsidiaries

 

As indicated in Note 2 d), the Chilean peso financial statements of certain of the Company’s Chilean subsidiaries are restated through the application of price-level restatements in accordance with Chilean GAAP to show the effects of changes in the purchasing power of the Chilean peso, using indicators published by the National Institute of Statistics. The financial statements of such Chilean subsidiaries are then remeasured to US dollars at the exchange rates prevailing on December 31 of each year.

 

The inclusion of price-level restatements when the US dollar is the reporting currency is not permitted under US GAAP. However, in the case of the Company, the effects of including price-level restatement at the subsidiary level are not significant and accordingly the effects of reversing the price-level restatement are not included in the reconciliation of net income and net equity accounts to US GAAP in paragraph 1 n) below.

 

h) Investment securities

 

Under Chilean GAAP, investments in bonds and government securities held by the Company are carried at the lower of cost plus accrued interest or market value. Under Chilean GAAP, mutual funds are stated at market value based on year-end quoted values and unrealized gains and losses are recorded in the current year Consolidated Statement of Income. Under SFAS No. 115, “Accounting for Certain Investments in Debt and Equity Securities”, investment securities, which include debt and certain equity securities, are accounted for as follows:

 

    Debt securities that the Company has the positive intent and ability to hold to maturity are classified as held-to-maturity securities and are reported at amortized cost.

 

    Debt and equity securities that are bought and held principally for the purpose of selling them in the near term are classified as trading securities and are reported at fair value, with unrealized gains and losses included in earnings.

 

    Debt and equity securities not classified as either held-to-maturity or trading securities are classified as available-for-sale securities and reported at fair value, with unrealized gains and losses excluded from earnings and reported in a separate component of shareholders’ equity.

 

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The Company’s investments in bonds and government securities are classified as available for sale securities for the purposes of SFAS No. 115. The effect of the difference between Chilean GAAP and US GAAP in accounting for the Company’s investment in bonds and government securities is included in the reconciliation of reported Net income to Comprehensive income in accordance with US GAAP in paragraph 1 n) below. There is no difference between Chilean GAAP and US GAAP for the Company’s investments in mutual funds as they are classified as trading securities for the purpose of SFAS No. 115.

 

i) Presentation in Statement of cash flows

 

Under Chilean GAAP, payments of leasing obligations subsequent to the date of purchase are treated in the Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows as additions of property and equipment and classified as cash outflows from investing activities. Under US GAAP, incurring directly-related debt to the seller of property and equipment is a financing transaction and subsequent payments of principal on that debt are thus considered to be cash outflows from financing activities.

 

As a result of these differences, the Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows under Chilean GAAP would have to be adjusted as follows to present the statement in accordance with US GAAP:

 

     Increase (decrease) in cash flow

 
     2004

    2003

    2002

 
     (In thousands of US$)  

Net cash (used in) provided by financing activities under Chilean GAAP

   (134,768 )   (117,050 )   64,663  

Loans repaid

   (11,504 )   (3,899 )   (22,869 )
    

 

 

Net cash (used in) provided by financing activities under US GAAP

   (146,272 )   (120,949 )   41,794  
    

 

 

Net cash (used in) investing activities under Chilean GAAP

   (152,869 )   (120,353 )   (118,720 )

Acquisitions of property and equipment

   11,504     3,899     22,869  
    

 

 

Net cash (used in) investing activities under US GAAP

   (141,365 )   (116,454 )   (95,851 )
    

 

 

 

Net cash and cash equivalents at the end of year under US GAAP is as follows:

 

     At December 31,

     2004

   2003

   2002

     (In thousands of US$)

Cash

   11,620    4,988    3,326

Time deposits

   179,715    128,950    125,476

Defined-term mutual funds (included in Marketable Securities)

   25,533    23,814    30,619
    
  
  

Total

   216,868    157,752    159,421
    
  
  

 

There are no significant non-cash investing or financing transactions in the three years ended December 31 2004.

 

j) Classification of income and expenses

 

Under Chilean GAAP, the following income and expenses arising during the years 2004, 2003 and 2002 are classified as Other income (expense) - net whereas under US GAAP they would be expensed within continuing operations:

 

     Year ended December 31,

     2004

   2003

   2002

     (In thousands of US$)

Non-operating income:

              

Swap fuel contracts

   46,529    12,302    —  
    
  
  
     46,529    12,302    —  
    
  
  

Non-operating expenses:

              

Swap fuel contracts

   —      —      5,454

Non-recurring indemnities paid to employees

   —      1,121    —  
    
  
  
     46,529    11,181    5,454
    
  
  

 

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k) Internal use software

 

As mentioned in Note 2 k), under Chilean GAAP all disbursements for the development of internal use software are charged to the results of operations as incurred. Under US GAAP, certain costs related to internal use software are capitalized while others are charged to the results of operations. External direct costs of materials and services consumed in developing or obtaining internal use computer software, payroll and payroll-related costs for employees who are directly associated with and who devote time to the internal use computer software project and interest costs incurred while developing internal use computer software are capitalized. Maintenance, training, data conversion and reengineering costs are charged to the results of operations as incurred. However, in the case of the Company, the costs relating to internal use software are not significant and accordingly, these costs are not included in the reconciliation to US GAAP of net income and net equity accounts in paragraph 1 n) below.

 

l) Recognition of tax loss carryforwards

 

At December 31, 2000, Lan Perú had tax loss carryforwards of ThUS$ 7,590 resulting in a deferred tax asset of ThUS$ 2,326. A valuation allowance of ThUS$ 2,326 was provided to offset the entire deferred tax asset because at that time it appeared unlikely that these tax losses would be utilized in future years. Lan Perú was an equity method investee at December 31, 2000 and during 2001 the Company acquired an additional 21% ownership interest and Lan Perú became a consolidated subsidiary. No deferred tax asset was recognized under Chilean GAAP on the date of purchase. During 2001, Lan Perú had taxable income and utilized ThUS$ 1,673 of the deferred tax asset, leaving a balance of ThUS$ 653 which expired without been utilized. In accordance with US GAAP, when tax loss carryforwards that were not recognized at the acquisition date are recognized in a subsequent period, they first reduce to zero any positive goodwill related to the acquisition; then they reduce to zero all other noncurrent intangible assets; and finally, they reduce income tax expense. For Chilean GAAP purposes, the tax loss was used to reduce income tax expense without first reducing existing goodwill. As a result, the US GAAP reconciliation in paragraph 1 n) below includes an adjustment to decrease goodwill on the purchase of Lan Perú in 2001 by ThUS$ 488 and increase the current income provision by the same amount. The adjustment is based on the acquired ownership interest of 21% applied to the deferred tax asset of ThUS$ 2,326 recognized in 2001.

 

m) Derivative financial instruments

 

The Company uses interest rate swap and cap agreements to reduce its exposure from variable interest bearing liabilities and commitments, and has entered into a treasury rate lock contract in order to hedge exposure of changes in the treasury rate. It also enters into commodity (jet fuel and West Texas intermediate) swap and call contracts to fix the price for a given quantity of the aforementioned commodity, and “costless collars” which are a combination of call and put options so as to ensure a price range for jet fuel. In order to reduce the impact of foreign exchange rate fluctuations, the Company enters into foreign exchange hedge contracts.

 

Under Chilean GAAP, derivatives are accounted for in accordance with Technical Bulletin 57, “Accounting for Derivative Contracts” (TB 57). Under TB 57, all derivative financial instruments should be recognized on the balance sheet at their fair value. In addition, TB 57 requires that derivative financial instruments be classified as non-hedging (investment) instruments and hedging instruments, the latter further divided into those covering recognized assets or liabilities or an unrecognized firm commitment and those covering forecasted transactions.

 

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Contracts to cover recognized assets or liabilities or an unrecognized firm commitment act as hedging instruments against the risk of a change in the fair value of a hedged item. The differences resulting from the changes in the fair value of both the hedged item and the derivative instrument should be accounted for as follows:

 

a) If the net effect is a loss, it should be recognized in earnings in the period of change.

 

b) If the net effect is a gain, it should be recognized when the contract is closed and accordingly deferred on the balance sheet.

 

c) If the net effect is a gain and net losses were recorded on the transaction in prior years, a gain should be recognized in earnings in the current period up to the amount of net losses recorded previously.

 

d) If the effect is a net loss and net gains were recorded (as a deferred revenue) on the transaction in prior years, the gain should be utilized to offset the net loss before recording the remaining loss in the results of operations for the year.

 

Contracts to cover forecasted transactions are those that have the objective of protecting cash flow risks of a transaction expected to occur in the future (a cash flow hedge). The hedging instrument should be recorded at its fair value and the changes in fair value should be stated on the balance sheet as unrealized gains or losses. When the contract is closed, the unrealized gains or losses on the derivative instrument should be recognized in earnings without affecting the cost or sales price of the asset acquired or sold in the transaction. However, probable losses arising from purchase commitments should not be deferred.

 

Non-hedging (investment) instruments should also be presented at their fair value, with changes in fair value reflected in the earnings of the period in which the change in fair value occurs.

 

For US GAAP reconciliation purposes only, the Company has adopted SFAS No. 133 “Accounting for Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities,” as amended by SFAS 137 and SFAS 138 on the same matter (collectively referred to herein as “SFAS 133”). SFAS 133 establishes accounting and reporting standards for derivative instruments, including certain derivative instruments embedded in other contracts, and for hedging activities. It requires that an entity recognize all derivatives as either assets or liabilities in the Consolidated Balance Sheet and measure those instruments at fair value. If certain conditions are met, a derivative may be specifically designated as (a) a hedge of the exposure to changes in the fair value of a recognized asset or liability or an unrecognized firm commitment, (b) a hedge of the exposure to variable cash flows of a forecasted transaction or to the variability of the cash flows that are to be received or paid in connection with a recognized asset or liability or (c) a hedge of the foreign currency exposure of a net investment in a foreign operation, an unrecognized firm commitment, an available-for-sale security, a foreign-currency-denominated forecasted transaction or a recognized asset or liability.

 

As indicated below in paragraph 2 f), the accounting for changes in the fair value of a derivative depends on the intended use of the derivative and the resulting designation.

 

The effect of the differences in accounting for derivative financial instruments under Chilean and US GAAP is included in paragraph 1 n) below. Additional information concerning derivative financial instruments that is required to be disclosed under SFAS 133 is set forth below in paragraph 2 f).

 

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n) Effects of conforming to US GAAP

 

The adjustments to reported net income required to conform with US GAAP are as follows:

 

     For the year ended December 31,

 
     2004

    2003

    2002

 
     (In thousands of US$)  

Net income in accordance with Chilean GAAP financial statements

   163,552     83,555     30,808  

Deferred income tax provision (par. 1 a)

   (5,786 )   (18 )   305  

Purchase accounting adjustments of property and equipment on Lan

                  

Cargo S.A (Ex Lan Chile Cargo S.A.) acquisition (par. 1 b)

   (64 )   (64 )   (64 )

Reversal of depreciation of the revaluation from technical appraisal of property and equipment (par. 1 c)

   —       30     6  

Deficit during development period of certain subsidiaries (par. 1 e)

   —       —       (113 )

Reversal of utilization of tax loss carryovers in Lan Perú (par. 1 l)

   —       —       —    

Fair value of derivative not considered to be a hedge (par. 1 m and par. 2 f)

   414     1,531     381  

Ineffectiveness of cash flow hedges of forecasted jet fuel purchases (par. 1 m and par. 2 f)

   (606 )   453     156  

Ineffectiveness of cash flow hedges of forecasted securitization (net of amortization) (par. 1 m and par. 2 f)

   59     59     (383 )

Reversal of amortization of goodwill (par. 1 b)

   3,134     3,267     3,148  
    

 

 

Net income in accordance with US GAAP

   160,703     88,813     34,244  
    

 

 

Comprehensive income (loss):

                  

Fair value of cash flow hedges:

                  

Interest rate contracts (par. 1 m and par. 2 f)

   4,179     8,298     (21,517 )

Jet fuel swaps (par. 1 m and par. 2 f)

   446     9,719     20,169  

Treasury rate lock (par. 1 m and par. 2 f)

   471     471     (3,063 )

Unrealized gain on investment

   10,565     77     —    
    

 

 

Other comprehensive income (loss) before taxes

   15,661     18,565     (4,411 )

Income tax (expense) benefit related to items of other comprehensive income (par. 1 a)

   (2,663 )   (3,156 )   905  
    

 

 

Comprehensive income in accordance with US GAAP

   173,701     104,222     30,738  
    

 

 

 

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The adjustments required to conform Total Shareholders’ equity to US GAAP are as follows:

 

     For the year ended December 31,

 
     2004

    2003

    2002

 
     (In thousands of US$)  

Total Shareholders’ Equity in accordance with Chilean GAAP financial statements

   434,557     352,564     308,862  

Deferred income tax provision (par. 1 a)

   (18,872 )   (13,086 )   (13,068 )

Purchase accounting adjustments of property and equipment arising from Lan Cargo S.A. (Ex Lan Chile Cargo S.A.) acquisition (par. 1 b)

   556     620     684  

Reversal of the revaluation of property and equipment (par. 1 c)

   —       —       (30 )

Minimum dividend required by law, determined in accordance with Chilean GAAP (par. 1 d)

   —       —       (250 )

Reversal of utilization of tax loss carryovers in Perú (par. 1 l)

   (488 )   (488 )   (488 )

Fair value of derivative not considered to be a hedge (par. 1 m and par. 2 g)

   —       (414 )   (1,945 )

Ineffectiveness of cash flow hedges of forecasted jet fuel purchases (par. 1 m and par. 2 f)

   (153 )   453     —    

Ineffectiveness of cash flow hedge of forecasted securitization (net of amortization ) (par. 1 m and par. 2 f)

   (265 )   (324 )   (383 )

Effect of goodwill adjustments (par. 1 b)

   (12,613 )   (12,613 )   (12,613 )

Reversal of amortization of goodwill (par. 1b)

   9,549     6,415     3,148  
    

 

 

Total Shareholders’ Equity in accordance with US GAAP

   412,271     333,127     283,917  
    

 

 

Accumulated other comprehensive loss

   (9,635 )   (25,044 )   (21,538 )

Other comprehensive income (loss), net of income tax

   12,998     15,409     (3,506 )
    

 

 

Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) in accordance with US GAAP

   3,363     (9,635 )   (25,044 )
    

 

 

Total shareholder’s equity in accordance with US GAAP including accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)

   415,634     323,492     258,873  
    

 

 

 

The changes in Total Shareholders’ equity determined under US GAAP are summarized as follows:

 

     In thousands
of US$


 

Balance at December 31, 2001

   237,343  

Reversal of accrued minimum dividend at December 31, 2001

   1,407  

Distribution of final 2001 dividend

   (1,407 )

Distribution of interim 2002 dividend

   (8,958 )

Accrued minimum dividend at December 31, 2002

   (250 )

Other comprehensive (loss):

      

Loss from fair value of cash flow hedges

   (4,411 )

Income tax benefit related to items of other comprehensive loss

   905  

Net income for the year

   34,244  
    

Balance at December 31, 2002

   258,873  
    

Balance at December 31, 2002

   258,873  

Reversal of accrued minimum dividend at December 31, 2002

   250  

Distribution of final 2002 dividend

   (4,854 )

Distribution of interim 2003 dividend

   (34,999 )

Other comprehensive income:

      

Gain from fair value of cash flow hedges

   18,488  

Unrealized gain on investment

   77  

Income tax expense related to items of other comprehensive income

   (3,156 )

Net income for the year

   88,813  
    

Balance at December 31, 2003

   323,492  
    

 

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     In thousands
of US$


 

Balance at December 31, 2003

   323,492  

Distribution of final 2003 dividend

   (6,776 )

Distribution of interim 2004 dividend

   (74,783 )

Other comprehensive income:

      

Gain from fair value of cash flow hedges

   5,096  

Unrealized gain on investment

   10,565  

Income tax expense related to items of other comprehensive loss

   (2,663 )

Net income for the year

   160,703  
    

Balance at December 31, 2004

   415,634  
    

 

2. Additional US GAAP disclosure requirements

 

The information set forth below is required under US GAAP but not under Chilean GAAP.

 

a) Earnings per share

 

The following disclosure of earnings per share information is not generally required for presentation in financial statements under Chilean GAAP but is required under US GAAP:

 

     Year ended December 31,

     2004

   2003

   2002

     (In US$)

Earnings per share under Chilean GAAP

   0.51    0.26    0.10

Basic and diluted earnings per share under US GAAP

   0.50    0.28    0.11

Weighted-average number of shares of common stock outstanding for basic and diluted earnings per share (in thousands)

   318,909    318,909    318,909
    
  
  

 

The earnings per share data shown above is determined by dividing net income for both Chilean GAAP and US GAAP purposes by the weighted-average number of shares of common stock outstanding during each year.

 

b) Investment securities

 

Shown below are the cost, gross unrealized gain and losses and approximate fair value of marketable securities under US GAAP (see paragraph 1g):

 

     Cost

   Gross
Unrealized
gains


   Gross
Unrealized
losses


   Fair Value

(In thousands of US$)


   2004

   2003

   2004

   2003

   2004

   2003

   2004

   2003

Bonds

   87,757    60,117    10,642    77    —      —      98,399    60,194

Government securities

   —      494    —      —      —      —      —      494
    
  
  
  
  
  
  
  

Total securities available for sale

   87,757    60,611    10,642    77    —      —      98,399    60,688
    
  
  
  
  
  
  
  

 

At December 31, 2002, the Company had investments in bonds with an amortized cost amounting to ThUS$ 20,510. There was no difference between amortized cost and fair value at December 31, 2002.

 

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c) Income tax

 

The provision for income taxes charged to the results of operations under US GAAP was as follows:

 

     Year ended December 31,

 
     2004

    2003

    2002

 
     (In thousands of US$)  

Current income tax expense

   (1,055 )   (481 )   (116 )

Deferred income tax expense

   (33,024 )   (17,879 )   (6,585 )
    

 

 

Total provision under US GAAP

   (34,079 )   (18,360 )   (6,701 )
    

 

 

 

Deferred tax assets (liabilities) are summarized as follows:

 

     Year ended December 31,

 
     2004

    2003

    2002

 
     (In thousands of US$)  

Unearned income

   (11,480 )   (6,414 )   (4,129 )

Prepaid expenses

   (7,405 )   (5,256 )   (4,437 )

Property and equipment

   (113,055 )   (100,044 )   (78,650 )

Others

   (689 )   (3,563 )   (3,951 )
    

 

 

Gross deferred tax liabilities

   (132,629 )   (115,277 )   (91,167 )
    

 

 

Allowance for doubtful accounts

   3,735     3,431     3,704  

Tax loss carryforwards

   46,752     62,535     56,134  

Provision for vacations

   2,517     1,994     1,714  

Provisions for obsolescence of spare parts

   3,814     2,499     1,744  

Other

   5,835     7,153     7,682  
    

 

 

Gross deferred tax assets

   62,653     77,612     70,978  

Deferred tax assets valuation allowance

   (10,803 )   (7,498 )   (5,445 )
    

 

 

Net deferred tax liabilities

   (80,779 )   (45,163 )   (25,634 )
    

 

 

 

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The provision for income taxes differs from the amount of income tax determined by applying the applicable Chilean statutory income tax rates of 17% (2004), 16.5% (2003) and 16% (2002) to pretax accounting income on a US GAAP basis as a result of the following differences:

 

     Year ended December 31,

 
     2004

    2003

    2002

 
     (In thousands of US$)  

Provision for income taxes at statutory Chilean tax rate

   (33,113 )   (17,683 )   (6,612 )

Increase (decrease) in rates resulting from:

                  

Non-taxable income

   2,400     923     559  

Non-deductible items

   (271 )   (258 )   (365 )

Change in valuation allowance

   (3,305 )   (2,053 )   (1,359 )

International income tax differences

   548     800     1,484  

Increase in Chilean tax rates (effect on deferred income tax)

   —       (225 )   (405 )

Other

   (338 )   136     (3 )
    

 

 

Provision for income taxes at effective tax rates

   (34,079 )   (18,360 )   (6,701 )
    

 

 

 

In accordance with Chilean law, the Company and each of its subsidiaries compute and pay taxes on a separate return basis and not on a consolidated basis.

 

The Company and certain of the Chilean subsidiaries (principally Lan Cargo S.A.) have tax loss carryforwards aggregating ThUS$ 214,986 at December 31, 2004 which have no expiration date. These tax losses have resulted in a deferred tax asset at that date of ThUS$ 36,548.

 

Lan Perú has tax loss carryforwards aggregating ThUS$ 4,687 at December 31, 2004 which have an expiration date of four years beginning in the first year that a loss is incurred. The loss was first incurred in 2003 and the subsidiary had taxable income in 2004. The related deferred tax asset was ThUS$ 1,406 at December 31, 2004.

 

LanLogistics, Corp. and its subsidiaries have tax loss carryforwards aggregating ThUS$ 12,180 at December 31, 2004 which have expiration dates of twenty years after the year of the loss. The related deferred tax asset is ThUS$ 4,141 and a 100% valuation allowance has been provided because at the present time it appears unlikely that these tax losses will be utilized in future years.

 

Lan Chile Investment Limited and its subsidiaries have tax loss carryforwards aggregating ThUS$ 8,663 at December 31, 2004 which have expiration dates between three and five years after the year of the loss. The related deferred tax asset is ThUS$ 2,166 and a 100% valuation allowance has been provided because at the present time it appears unlikely that these tax losses will be utilized in future years

 

Aerolinheas Brasileiras has tax loss carryforwards aggregating ThUS$ 4,099 at December 31, 2004 which have no expiration date. However, a 100% valuation allowance has been provided against the related deferred tax asset of ThUS$ 1,394 because at the present time it appears unlikely that these tax losses will be utilized in future years.

 

South Florida Air Cargo Inc. has tax loss carryforwards of ThUS$ 3,227 at December 31, 2004 which have expiration dates of twenty years after the year of the loss. The related deferred tax asset was ThUS$ 1,097 at December 31, 2004.

 

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d) Fair value of financial instruments

 

The following methods and assumptions were used to estimate the fair value of each class of financial instruments at December 31, 2004 and 2003 for which it is practicable to estimate that value.

 

Cash, Time deposits and Marketable securities:

 

Cash, time deposits and marketable securities are stated at their carrying amount, which is equivalent to fair value.

 

Other current assets:

 

Other current assets (principally deposits) are stated at carrying amount, which is equivalent to fair value.

 

Other assets:

 

The fair value of long-term accounts receivable included within Other assets was estimated using the interest rate the Company would pay for similar credit.

 

Short and long-term debt:

 

The fair value of short and long-term debt was based on rates currently available to the Company for debt with similar terms and remaining maturities.

 

Financial instruments:

 

The fair value of swap fuel contracts (used in hedging of fuel prices) is the estimated amount that the Company would receive or pay to terminate the agreements at the balance sheet date taking into account current fuel prices and the current creditworthiness of the counterparties.

 

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The fair value of the interest rate agreements is based on estimated mid-market valuations. Such mid-market values attempt to approximate the economic value at the balance sheet date of a position using prices and rates at the average of the estimated bid and offer for the respective underlying assets or reference rates and/or mathematical models, as deemed appropriate by the Company. In the absence of sufficient or meaningful market information, such valuations or components thereof may be theoretical in whole or in part.

 

The estimated fair values of the Company’s financial instruments on a US GAAP basis are as follows:

 

     At December 31, 2004

    At December 31, 2003

 
     US GAAP
Carrying amount


    Fair
Value


    US GAAP
Carrying amount


    Fair
Value


 
     (In thousands of US$)  

Cash

   11,620     11,620     4,988     4,988  

Time deposits

   179,715     179,715     128,950     128,950  

Marketable securities

   123,932     123,932     85,025     85,102  

Other current assets

   —       —       113     113  

Current portion of long-term loans

   34,098     37,479     63,155     77,853  

Current portion of other long-term obligations

   51,725     55,555     16,059     16,059  

Bank loans (long-term)

   317,233     318,856     559,669     509,691  

Other liabilities (long-term)

   235,667     227,577     63,358     63,358  

Financial instruments:

                        

Interest rate Derivatives

   (19,913 )   (19,913 )   (24,506 )   (24,506 )

Swap fuel contracts

   15,291     15,291     15,451     15,451  

 

e) Concentration of credit risk

 

The Company’s accounts receivable are generated primarily from airline ticket and cargo service sales to individuals and various commercial enterprises that are economically and geographically dispersed, and the accounts receivable are generally short-term in duration. Accordingly, the Company does not believe that it is subject to any significant concentration of credit risk.

 

f) Financial instruments

 

Accounting for Derivatives and Hedging Activities

 

All derivatives are recognized on the balance sheet at their fair value. On the date that the Company enters into a derivative contract, it designates the derivative as (1) a hedge of (a) the fair value of a recognized asset or liability or (b) an unrecognized firm commitment (a “fair value” hedge); (2) a hedge of (a) a forecasted transaction or (b) the variability of cash flows that are to be received or paid in connection with a recognized asset or liability (a “cash flow” hedge); (3) a foreign currency fair value or cash flow hedge (a “foreign currency” hedge); (4) a hedge of a net investment in a foreign operation; or (5) an instrument that is held for trading or non-hedging purposes (a “trading” or “non-hedging” instrument). Changes in the fair value of a derivative that is highly effective as, and that is designated and qualifies as, a fair value hedge, along with changes in the fair value of the hedged asset or liability that are attributable to the hedged risk (including changes that reflect losses or gains on firm commitments), are recorded in current period earnings. Changes in the fair value of a derivative that is highly effective as, and that is designated and qualifies as, a cash flow hedge, to the extent that the hedge is effective, are recorded in other comprehensive income, until earnings are affected by the variability of cash flows of the hedged transaction (e.g., until periodic settlements of a variable rate asset or liability are recorded in earnings).

 

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Any hedge ineffectiveness (which represents the amount by which the changes in the fair value of the derivative exceed the variability in the cash flows of the forecasted transaction) is recorded in current period earnings. Changes in the fair value of a derivative that is highly effective as, and that is designated and qualifies as, a foreign currency hedge is recorded in either current period earnings or other comprehensive income, depending on whether the hedging relationship satisfies the criteria for a fair value or cash flow hedge. If, however, a derivative is used as a hedge of a net investment in a foreign operation, the changes in the derivative’s fair value, to the extent that the derivative is effective as a hedge, are recorded in the cumulative translation adjustment account within other comprehensive income. Changes in the fair value of derivative trading and non-hedging instruments are reported in current period earnings.

 

Upon purchasing a financial instrument, the Company must determine whether a derivative instrument is “embedded” therein and if so, it must assess the economic characteristics of the embedded derivative to determine if they are clearly and closely related to the economic characteristics of the remaining component of the financial instrument (i.e., the host contract) and whether a separate, non-embedded instrument with the same terms as the embedded instrument would meet the definition of a derivative instrument. When it is determined that (1) the embedded derivative possesses economic characteristics that are not clearly and closely related to the economic characteristics of the host contract and (2) a separate, stand-alone instrument with the same terms would qualify as a derivative instrument, the embedded derivative is separated from the host contract, carried at fair value, and designated as either (1) a fair value, cash flow, or foreign currency hedge or (2) a trading or non-hedging derivative instrument. However, if the entire contract were to be measured at fair value, with changes in fair value reported in current earnings, or if the Company could not reliably identify and measure the embedded derivative for purposes of separating that derivative from its host contract, the entire contract would be carried on the balance sheet at fair value and not be designated as a hedging instrument.

 

The Company documents all relationships between hedging instruments and hedged items, as well as its risk management objective and strategy for undertaking various hedge transactions. This process includes linking all derivatives that are designated as fair value, cash flow, or foreign currency hedges to (1) specific assets and liabilities on the balance sheet or (2) specific firm commitments or forecasted transactions. The Company also formally assesses (both at the hedge’s inception and on an ongoing basis) whether the derivatives that are used in hedging transactions have been highly effective in offsetting changes in the fair value or cash flows of hedged items and whether those derivatives may be expected to remain highly effective in future periods.

 

The Company discontinues hedge accounting prospectively when (1) it determines that the derivative is no longer effective in offsetting changes in the fair value or cash flows of a hedged item (including hedged items such as firm commitments or forecasted transactions); (2) the derivative expires or is sold, terminated, or exercised; (3) it is no longer probable that the forecasted transaction will occur; (4) a hedged firm commitment no longer meets the definition of a firm commitment; or (5) management determines that designating the derivative as a hedging instrument is no longer appropriate.

 

Derivative instruments and hedging activities

 

The Company’s activities expose it to a variety of market risks, including risks related to the effects of changes in foreign-currency exchange rates, interest rates, and commodity prices. These financial exposures are monitored and managed by the Company as an integral part of its overall risk management program. The Company’s risk management program focuses on the unpredictability of financial markets and seeks to reduce the potentially adverse effects that the volatility of these markets may have on its operating results.

 

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Financial instruments: fuel price risk management

 

Jet fuel price fluctuations are largely dependent on supply and demand for crude oil in the world, OPEC decisions, refinery capacities, stock levels of crude and global political factors. In order to minimize the risk of jet fuel price fluctuations, the Company enters into derivative and option contracts in the jet fuel market or the West Texas intermediate (WTI) market. The decision to enter into hedge contracts in the jet fuel or WTI market depends on the relative price of each commodity at the supposed trade date.

 

The Company enters into swap, call and put option contracts in order to fix or limit (depending on the case) the price at a certain level for a given quantity of the above mentioned commodities. Pursuant to such contracts, the Company pays or receives, depending on the case, the difference between the agreed fixed price and the floating market price calculated on the notional amounts of such contracts. These contracts are classified as cash flow hedges for US GAAP purposes and as forecasted transactions for Chilean GAAP purposes.

 

As of December 31, 2004, the Company had some ineffectiveness with regard to its cash flow hedges of forecasted purchases of jet fuel outstanding as of year end. This ineffectiveness was calculated as the monthly change of the underlying asset prices against the average price of the total fuel purchases made by the company. As of December 31, 2004, this ineffectiveness amounted to ThUS$ 153 and was recorded in earnings for US GAAP purposes in 2004.

 

The notional fuel hedged, the realized results on such contracts and the fair value for the years ending December 31, 2004, 2003 and 2002 are as follows:

 

     2004

   2003

   2002

Hedged Gallons (million gallons)

   118    134    123

Gain loss on fuel hedge contracts (Th US$)

   46,529    12,302    5,454

Fair value of fuel hedge contacts (Th US$)

   15,291    15,451    5,279

 

For Chilean GAAP purposes, gains and loss on the hedging contracts referred to above are recognized as a component of Other income (expense)-net when the underlying fuel being hedged is consumed. For US GAAP purposes, such gains and losses would be classified as Operating expenses under the caption Aircraft fuel when the fuel being hedged is consumed.

 

Financial instruments: Interest rate risk management

 

In May 1999, the Company entered into an interest rate swap contract with a financial institution for a notional amount of ThUS$ 50,000 to convert from floating rate (Libor based) to fixed rate for a period of five years. Pursuant to the contract, the Company pays or receives, depending on the case, the difference between the agreed fixed rate and the floating rate calculated on the notional amount of the contract. This contract expired in 2004. The loss on the contract during 2003 was ThUS$ 1,531 and the fair value at December 31, 2003, was estimated at a loss of ThUS$ 414. This swap is not considered to qualify for a hedge relationship and accordingly is not designated as a hedge. Therefore, the fair value of the swap at December 31, 2003, of ThUS$ (414) (ThUS$ (1,945) at December 31, 2002) was charged to the results of operations for US GAAP purposes instead of as a charge to Other comprehensive income (loss) (see paragraph 1 n).

 

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In May 2001, the Company also entered into six additional receive-floating, pay-fixed interest rate swap contracts in order to hedge the variable interest payments on existing debt of US$ 330,608,000. Pursuant to these contracts, the Company pays or receives, depending on the case, the difference between the agreed fixed rate and the floating rate calculated on the notional amount of each contract. There is no associated cost to these contracts. The critical terms of these swap contracts, namely notional amounts and dates, have been negotiated to match the terms of the designated variable-rate debt; therefore, there is no ineffectiveness. The fair value and the losses of these contracts for the years ending december 31, 2004, 2003 and 2002, are as follows:

 

     2004

    2003

    2002

 

Losses on interest rate swap contracts (Th US$)

   (10,969 )   (12,837 )   (12,212 )

Fair value of interest rate swap contracts (Th US$)

   (13,608 )   (22,840 )   (32,390 )

 

During July 2003, the company entered into four interest rate cap contracts for a total notional amount of ThUS$ 127,753. The premium on three of these Caps was paid up-front in the amount of ThUS$ 4,930. The premium on the fourth cap will be paid in 16 quarterly payments. These caps are intended to limit the Company’s exposure arising from variable-rate debt. Under Chilean and US GAAP, these contracts qualify as cash flow hedges with no ineffectiveness associated to them due to the fact that all critical terms of the debt and the caps match perfectly. The fair value of these contracts has been estimated at a loss of ThUS$ 3,396 and, has been recorded in Other comprehensive income (loss) in 2004 (ThUS$ 1,150 in 2003) for US GAAP purposes.

 

During the same month, the Company entered into an additional two interest rate cap contracts. These caps are intended to limit the exposure of LIBOR-linked operational lease payments on aircraft received during 2004. The fair value of these contracts at year end amounted to a loss of ThUS$ 1,185 and is recorded in Other comprehensive income (loss) in 2004 (ThUS$ 102 in 2003) for US GAAP purposes.

 

During April 2004, the Company entered into an additional two interest rate cap contracts. These caps are intended to limit the exposure of LIBOR-linked operational lease payments on aircraft received during 2004. The fair value of these contracts at year end amounted to ThUS$ 1,439 (loss) and is recorded in Other comprehensive income (loss) in 2004 for US GAAP purposes.

 

During 2004, the Company entered into two additional interest rate Cap contracts. These contracts are intended to limit the exposure of LIBOR-linked financing on aircraft with delivery in 2005. The fair value of these contracts at year end amounted to a loss of ThUS$ 285 and is recorded in Other comprehensive income (loss) in 2004 for US GAAP purposes.

 

Under FAS 133, these derivatives qualify as cash flow hedges even though some ineffectiveness exists as the notional amount over which the caps are calculated is different from the one used to determine the lease payments on the aircraft. However, this ineffectiveness is not recorded in earnings because it was not considered to be significant. Under Chilean GAAP, the caps are accounted for as cash flow hedges and no ineffectiveness was determined. The premium on the caps will be paid in 12 and 16 quarterly payments.

 

At December 31, 2004, the Company had not received payment from any of the ten aforementioned caps. The premium on the caps is being amortized throughout the term of each contract for Chilean and US GAAP purposes. For the year ended December 31, 2004, the Company amortized ThUS$ 1,315 (ThUS$ 199 in 2003).

 

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In April 2002, the Company entered into a Treasury rate lock for a notional amount of ThUS$ 45,000 in order to “lock in” a desired interest rate and hedge the variability in the cash proceeds attributable to changes in the benchmark interest rate to be received from the forecasted securitization of future credit card receivables originating from certain ticket agents in the United States, as described in Note 16 to these financial statements. The contract was classified as a cash flow hedge of a forecasted transaction for US GAAP purposes and as a hedge of an forecasted transaction for Chilean GAAP purposes.

 

The forecasted transaction referred to above occurred on August 22, 2002. At that time the Company recognized a deferred loss of ThUS$ 3,622 under Chilean GAAP for the settlement of the Treasury rate lock contract. During 2002 and for US GAAP purposes, the Company recognized a net loss of ThUS$ 402, which represented the total ineffectiveness of the cash flow hedge of the forecasted securitization and debited Other comprehensive income for the remaining ThUS$ 3,219, which is being amortized over the life of the securitization contract (82 months). During 2004, the Company recognized an amortization charge for this concept amounting to ThUS$ 471 under US GAAP, (ThUS$ 471 during 2003 and ThUS$ 157 during 2002). The deferred loss on the hedging contract referred to above is included in the balance sheet under the captions Prepaid expenses and Other assets (current and non-current portions, respectively) and the corresponding amortization is included in Interest expense both for Chilean and US GAAP purposes. The effect of recording the ineffectiveness of cash flow hedge (net of amortization) in accordance with US GAAP is included in paragraph l n) above.

 

Financial instruments: foreign currency exchange rates

 

The company conducts business in local currencies in several countries and accordingly faces the risk of variation in foreign currency exchange rates. A depreciation of the Chilean peso, the Brazilian real, Argentine peso, Mexican nuevo peso, Peruvian nuevo sol or the European euro against the U.S. dollar could have a material adverse effect on the Company because it has revenues and receivables denominated in those currencies. As a part of its risk management policy, the Company regularly monitors its exposure to variations in the exchange rates of these different currencies. In order to reduce the impact of the foreign exchange rate fluctuations, the Company enters from time to time into foreign exchange hedging contracts. Under these forward contracts, for any rate above or below the fixed rate, the Company receives or pays the difference between the spot rate and the fixed rate for the given amount at the settlement date.

 

As of December 2004, the Company has no outstanding exchange forward contracts for hedging purposes. At December 31, 2003, the Company had two outstanding Argentine peso/US$ forward contracts for a notional amount of ThUS$ 3,500 each in order to hedge receivables denominated in that currency. In order to hedge exposure arising from Euro denominated investments, the Company entered into Euro/US$ forward contracts for a notional amount of ThUS$ 6,400.

 

The aforementioned contracts qualified as fair value hedges under Chilean and US GAAP accounting principles and no ineffectiveness has been determined to exist. The fair value of the contracts amounted to a loss of ThUS$ 289 at December 31, 2003 and were recorded in earnings in 2003 in accordance with Chilean GAAP.

 

In order to have a better yield on its investments in 2004, the Company entered into bank deposits in Chilean Peso together with a US dollar-Chilean pesos foreign exchange swap in order to receive US dollars at maturity. The mark to market value of these foreign exchange swaps amounted to a loss of US$ 1.9 million and is recorded in earnings under both Chilean and US GAAP

 

Other information on derivative instruments

 

By using derivative financial instruments to hedge exposures to changes in exchange rates, interest rates, and jet fuel prices, the Company exposes itself to credit risk and market risk.

 

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Credit risk is the risk that the counterparty might fail to fulfill its performance obligations under the terms of the derivative contract. When the fair value of a derivative contract is positive, the counterparty owes the Company, which creates repayment risk for the Company. When the fair value of a derivative contract is negative, the Company owes the counterparty and, therefore, does not assume repayment risk. The Company minimizes its credit (or repayment) risk in derivative instruments by (1) entering into transactions with high-quality counterparties (2) limiting the amount of its exposure to each counterparty, and (3) monitoring the financial condition of its counterparties. The Company also maintains a policy of requiring that derivative contracts be governed by an ISDA Master Agreement. Market risk is the risk that the value of a financial instrument might be adversely affected by a change in interest rates, currency exchange rates, or jet fuel prices. The Company manages the market risk associated with interest rate, jet fuel price, and foreign-exchange contracts by establishing and monitoring parameters that limit the types and degree of market risk that may be undertaken.

 

g) Comprehensive income (loss)

 

Comprehensive income (loss) is the change in equity of a business enterprise during a period from transactions and other events and circumstances from non-owner sources. The fair value of cash flow hedges were considered to be Other comprehensive income during 2004, 2003 and 2002 and the unrealized gain on available for sale securities has been included in 2004.

 

h) Recent Accounting Pronouncements

 

In November 2004, the FASB issued FASB Statement No. 151, “Inventory Costs — an amendment of ARB No. 43” (“FAS 151”), which is the result of its efforts to converge U.S. accounting standards for inventories with International Accounting Standards. FAS No. 151 requires idle facility expenses, freight, handling costs, and wasted material (spoilage) costs to be recognized as current-period charges. It also requires that allocation of fixed production overheads to the costs of conversion be based on the normal capacity of the production facilities. FAS No. 151 will be effective for inventory costs incurred during fiscal years beginning after June 15, 2005. FAS 151 is not expected to have any impact on the Company’s financial position or results of operations.

 

In December 2004, the FASB issued FASB Statement No. 153, “Exchange of Non-monetary Assets and amendment of APB No. 29” (“FAS 153”), which is the result of its efforts to improve comparability of U.S. accounting standards for non-monetary transactions with International Accounting Standards. FAS No. 153 eliminates the exception to fair value for exchanges of similar productive assets outlined in APB No. 29 and replaces it with a general exception for exchange transactions that do not have commercial substance – that is, transactions that are not expected to result in significant changes in the cash flows of the reporting entity. FAS No. 153 will be effective for non-monetary asset exchanges occurring in fiscal periods beginning after June 15, 2005. FAS 153 is not expected to have any impact on the Company’s financial position or results of operations.

 

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SIGNATURES

 

The registrant hereby certifies that it meets all of the requirements for filing on Form 20-F and that it has duly caused and authorized the undersigned to sign this annual report on its behalf.

 

Lan Airlines S.A.

/s/ ALEJANDRO DE LA FUENTE GOIC

   

Name: Alejandro de la Fuente Goic

   

Title: Chief Financial Officer

 

Date: June 30, 2005

By-laws of Lan Airlines S.A.

Exhibit 1.1

 

BY-LAWS OF LAN AIRLINES S. A.

 

SECTION I

 

Name, Corporate Domicile and Objective

 

Article the First: A stock company is organized which by voluntary decision will be governed by such rules as applicable to open stock companies and it will bear the name “Lan Chile S.A.” Without prejudice of the foregoing, it will additionally and for the company’s identification effects and for publicity and advertising purposes, bear such fancy names as “Lan Chile”, “Lan”, “Lan Airlines” and/or “Lan Group”.

 

Article the Second: The Company will have its domicile in the city of Santiago, Municipality of Santiago. Without prejudice of the foregoing it may establish agencies, branch offices or premises in other places within the country or abroad.

 

Article the Third: The Company will remain in existence for an indefinite period of time.

 

Article the Fourth: The objectives of the Company will be:

 

a) Commercial air and/or land passenger, cargo, mail transportation in any of its forms, as well as anything in direct or indirect connection with its activity, both in and out of the country, on its own or on others’ account;

 

b) The rendering of services relative to aircraft maintenance and repair, both of its property or of that of third parties;

 

c) The development and operation of other activities arising from the company’s objectives and/or related, ancillary or complementary thereto;

 

d) Business and development of activities in connection with travel, tourism and hotels; and

 

e) The participation in companies of any type or kind as may enable the Company to carry out its objectives.

 

SECTION II

 

Capital, Shares and Shareholders

 

Article the Fifth: The Company’s capital will be in the amount of US$ 134,303,353, divided into 318,909,090 nominal ordinary shares of the same series, with no face value. There are no special share series or privileged ones.


Shares type form, issuing, exchange, the putting out of use, loss, replacement or any other circumstance with respect to title of same, as well as transference thereof, shall be governed as provided for in the Stock Company Law and Regulation thereto.

 

Article the Sixth: The shareholders may stipulate such agreements as to limit the free assignment of shares; however such agreements shall be deposited with the company and made available to the other shareholders and interested third parties, and shall be written down in the Shareholders Register in order for these to be valid.

 

SECTION III

 

Management

 

Article the Seventh: The Company shall be administered by a Board of Directors, which shall be elected by the Shareholders’ Meeting.

 

Article the Eighth: The Board of Directors shall be composed of nine members, who will remain in office for a two- year period and who may be reelected. A Director shall not be required to be a shareholder. A President and a Vice -President shall be designated by the Board members from its number. The Vice-President will substitute for the President in case of absence or inability of the latter. In case of absence or inability of both the President and the Vice-President, the Board may designate a provisional President. For the purpose of the above mentioned substitutions, such absences as being the cause thereof shall not be justified with third parties.

 

Article the Ninth: Should any Director’s position become vacant, the Board of Directors shall be totally renewed at the next Ordinary Shareholders Meeting. Interim, a temporary substitute may be appointed by the Board.

 

Article the Tenth: Duties carried out by the Directors shall be rewarded. Such reward and amount thereof shall be annually determined by the Ordinary Shareholders Meeting.

 

Article the Eleventh: The Board shall assemble with the majority of its members present. Agreements shall be reached by the absolute majority of Directors attending, unless the reaching of such agreements should by law or by these by-laws require a higher majority.

 

In the case of a tie, the deciding vote will be cast by the person presiding over the meeting. The Chief Executive Officer or a person specifically designated for this task by the Board of Directors will act as the Secretary.

 

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Article the Twelfth: The Board of Directors shall assemble on such days and at such times as determined by it. In any case, the Board shall hold a meeting once a month. The Board may hold extraordinary meetings as especially and jointly called by the President and two of its Directors and/or whenever so requested by the absolute majority of the Directors, in which case such meeting shall necessarily take place.

 

Article the Thirteenth: The Company is judicially and extra-judicially represented by the Board, as well as for the carrying out of the Company’s objectives, which condition shall not be necessarily vouched for before third parties. The Board shall have all such administration powers not established by the law, the regulations and these by-laws as exclusive to the Shareholders Meeting, and no special power whatsoever shall be necessary, including that required for any such acts or contracts where the laws so require, in accordance with Article 40 of the applicable law. The above is without prejudice of the Company General Manager’s legal representative power.

 

The Board may delegate part of its authority on the Company’s General Manager, the Company’s Managers, lawyers, a Director or Directors Committee, and for certain special purposes, on other persons.

 

Article the Fourteenth: Board resolutions and agreements shall be recorded in writing in a Book of Proceedings, which shall at each opportunity be signed by those Directors attending the session and by the Secretary.

 

Should any Director want to avoid responsibility for any Board’s act or decision, he or she shall have his or her opposition registered in the Proceedings, which fact shall be explained by the President at the next Ordinary Shareholders Meeting.

 

Should any Director die or for any reason become unable to sign the applicable Proceedings, the circumstances thereof shall be recorded at the bottom of the same.

 

The Proceedings shall be deemed as approved from the moment it is signed by the persons therein indicated, and from that very moment, the decisions therein contained may be put into effect.

 

Article the Fifteenth: The Company shall have an Executive Vice-President and a Manager who will legally represent the Company and be designated by the Board. Both positions may be filled by the same person. The Vice-President shall have such authority as conferred by the Board. The Manager shall have the authority delegated upon him by the Board, without prejudice of such powers under the Law, and shall be specially empowered to:

 

i) Judicially represent the Company with such powers as mentioned at article seven of the Civil Procedure Code, which are deemed to have been expressly reproduced.

 

ii) Enter into and perform every civil, commercial, administrative or other acts and agreements as may be conducive to the Company’s objectives, up to and for such amounts as the Board may determine.

 

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iii) Generally perform the Board’s decisions and all such acts which it may have expressly delegated power thereto, as to the form, amount and conditions determined. The Board shall designate one or more persons who individually may, in the Manager’s absence (which absence the person concerned shall not be required to account for) validly represent the Company in connection with any notifications as may be given.

 

SECTION IV

 

General Shareholders Meetings

 

Article the Sixteenth: The Shareholders shall hold an Ordinary Meeting once a year between February the first and April the thirtieth.

 

Article the Seventeenth: Matters pertaining to the Ordinary Shareholders Meeting are:

 

1) to annually designate external independent auditors, in order to have the Company’s accounting, inventory, balance sheet and other Company’s financial statements examined;

 

2) to examine the Company’s condition and the external auditors’ reports, to approve, modify or reject the Financial Report, the Balance Sheet and financial statements;

 

3) to agree on the distribution of profits for the fiscal year and of dividends;

 

4) to elect Board members or to revoke membership thereto, as well as the appointment or revoking of receivers and administration inspectors;

 

5) to annually fix Directors’ rewards;

 

6) to take notice of resolutions adopted by the Board with one or more Directors opposing;

 

7) to take notice of decisions approving the entering into acts or agreements in which one or more of the Directors had or may have an interest in, whether by themselves or as acting for another person; and

 

8) generally, any such matters in the Company’s interest which are not ascribed to the Ordinary Shareholders Meeting.

 

 

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Article the Eighteenth: Matters pertaining to the Extraordinary Shareholders Meeting are:

 

1) the modification of the Company’s by-laws;

 

2) the issuing of stock-convertible bonds or debentures;

 

3) the granting of real or personal security in order to pledge obligations belonging to third parties other than subsidiary (affiliate) companies;

 

4) such other matters as arising and coming to its knowledge from the by-laws and the law.

 

Article the Nineteenth: Meetings shall be called by means of a box advertisement to be published at least three times on different days in a newspaper of the company’s domicile as may be determined by the Meeting, or, if not so agreed, or if fulfillment thereof is not possible, in the Official Gazette, at the time, and in the form and under such conditions as determined by the Stock Company Regulation.

 

In addition to the above mentioned advertisement, mail notice shall be given by mail to each shareholder at least 15 days prior to the date of said Meeting, which notice shall contain reference to such matters as to be dealt with at the same.

 

This call notice shall mention the matters having been agreed upon by the Board which the Meeting should be advised of, in accordance with Article 44 of the Law. Such Meetings may validly take place with the attendance of the full number of shares issued, even though not all the applicable formalities as required have been fulfilled therefore.

 

Article the Twentieth: The ordinary and extraordinary shareholders’ meetings will be considered valid with the representation of the majority of the common shares. If the majority is not represented, a new Shareholders’ meeting will be called and that meeting will be considered valid with the shareholders who attend.

 

Extraordinary Meetings shall be held in the presence of a Notary Public. Notices for the second call shall only be published once the Meeting has failed to take place on second or on third call as the case may be, and in any case, further Meetings shall be called to assemble within 45 days following the date of the Meeting not having taken place on first call.

 

Notices shall be published within the same period as set forth above.

 

Article the Twenty First: Agreements reached by the General Meetings, both Ordinary and Extraordinary, shall be adopted with the vote of approval of at least the absolute majority of shares represented at the meeting. In any case, such resolutions as referred to at clause the second of Article sixty seven of the Stock Company Law will require approval by two thirds of shares issued having right to vote. Only nominal shareholders having shares registered in the Shareholder Register five days prior to the day in which such Meeting takes place, may

 

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participate in the Meetings and exercise their right to vote. The election of Directors shall be made at a single voting, and such persons shall be deemed to be elected as will have obtained the highest nine majorities. The shareholders may distribute their votes among the candidates as they deem suitable. In carrying out the voting (except in case of a unanimously adverse agreement), the Chairman and the Secretary, together with such persons as having been designated by the Meeting to sign the proceedings of said meeting, shall make a record of votes uttered by word of mouth by the shareholders present, in the order of the attendance list. However, any shareholder will have the right to vote on a ballot signed by him and shall state whether he is signing for himself or by proxy.

 

Without prejudice of the above, and in order to facilitate and expedite the voting process, the Chairman or the Superintendency as the case may be, may order the voting to be alternately and indiscriminately carried out by word of mouth or by ballots. The Chairman shall have the votes read out on the basis of the notes taken by the appointed persons, in order for everyone present may do the vote count by himself, or to have clear evidence, upon said notes and the ballots, of the actual results.

 

The Secretary will add up the votes and the Chairman will declare those who obtain the first majorities up to the number of Directors to be elected.

 

The Secretary will put all the papers used in the election process into an envelope which he will further close and seal with the Company’s seal to be filed for at least a two- year period.

 

Article the Twenty Second: The shareholders may have other shareholders or third parties represent them at the Meetings, under the forms and conditions contemplated by the Regulation. A power so granted shall be deemed to be valid for the Meeting to be held in place of the Meeting not formerly held due to an insufficient quorum.

 

Article the Twenty Third: The persons attending a Meeting shall sign their names in an attendance list in which the number of shares held by the signer, the number of shares represented and the represented one’s name to be therein indicated.

 

Article the Twenty Fourth: Matters discussed and decisions reached at the Meetings shall be written down in a special record book of proceedings to be kept by the Secretary. The proceedings shall be signed by the Chairman or by the one acting in his place, by the Secretary and by three shareholders elected by the Meeting and as representing those attending. The proceedings shall contain an extract of what takes place at the Meeting, and the following shall be necessarily be registered: the names of shareholders present; the number of shares held or represented by each of them; a brief account of observations introduced; an account of motions discussed, and the results of the voting, together with a list of those shareholders against the motion, should anyone request a nominal vote.

 

Any event taking place during the meeting, as in connection with the company’s interest may only be stricken out of the record with the unanimous consent of those attending.

 

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The proceedings recording the election of the Directors shall include each shareholder’s name, and shall specify the number of shares each one has voted upon, whether by himself or by proxy. It will also include the general result of the voting.

 

A copy of such proceedings shall be sent to the Stock and Insurance Superintendency. Within three business days the Company shall communicate the appointment of replacement Directors to the Superintendency.

 

SECTION V

 

Financial Report, Balance Sheet and Profits

 

Article the Twenty Fifth: On the 31st of December each year, a Company General Assets and Liabilities Balance shall be made which will contain such instructions as are required by the applicable law and regulation.

 

Article the Twenty Sixth: At the General Ordinary Meeting the Board of Directors shall give the shareholders an account of the Company’s financial condition, by submitting a report containing a description and explanation of operations performed during the past fiscal year, together with the General Balance Sheet, the Profit and Loss Statement, and the relevant Report made by the external auditors.

 

All sums received during the fiscal year will be entered under separate headings by the President and the Directors.

 

Article the Twenty Seventh: Dividends shall only be charged to the fiscal year net profit, or on withheld profits from Balance Sheets approved by the Shareholders Meeting. Should the Company have accrued losses, such profit as obtained during the fiscal year shall in the first place be assigned to absorb such losses. At least 30% of the net profit for each fiscal year shall be distributed as cash dividends to each shareholder, pro rata of their respective shares, unless otherwise agreed at the respective Meeting by the unanimity of shares issued.

 

Article the Twenty Eighth: For the fifteen day period before the date of the General Ordinary Shareholders’ meeting, the Annual Report, the Balance Sheet and Inventory, the Proceedings, books and other authenticating proof thereof, together with the report to be submitted by the external auditors shall be made available to the shareholders, who may examine the same at the management office. For this purpose, the Company shall provide printed or typewritten copies of such documents. At a date not later than that of the first notice of summons to the Ordinary Meeting, the Company shall send a copy of the Company’s Balance Sheet and Financial Report, including the Auditors’ report and notes thereto, subject to the provisions contained at clauses 2nd and 3rd of Article 75 of the applicable Law.

 

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Article the Twenty Ninth: The Company shall publish the information as provided for by the Stock and Insurance Superintendency in relation to the respective general balance sheets and profit and loss statements in a newspaper of wide circulation in the public domain, not less than 10 and not more than 20 days prior to the date on which the Ordinary Meeting assembles to reach a decision on the same. Within the above mentioned period, the Company shall submit all such documents as set forth above, to the Stock and Insurance Superintendency and in the number of copies as the latter may determine. In case the balance sheet and the profit and loss statements were modified by the Meeting, such modifications shall be published as such within 15 days following the date on which the Meeting is held, subject to these being also sent to the registered Shareholders. The Balance Sheet shall include the names of the President, the Directors and the Managers, indicating as well such Company transactions of shares as effected by said persons during the relevant fiscal year.

 

Article the Thirtieth: To the extent permitted by the condition of the company’s funds, and as deemed appropriate by the Board, provisional dividends may be distributed to the shareholders during the fiscal year, to be charged to profits for the same period, and upon the personal responsibility of Directors adopting such decision, provided there are no accrued losses.

 

SECTION VI

 

Administrative Control

 

Article the Thirty First: External independent Auditors shall be appointed annually, who will examine accounting, inventories, balance sheets and other Company financial statements, their duty being to draw up a report for the next Ordinary Shareholders Meeting of compliance with the latter’s commission.

 

SECTION VII

 

Arbitration

 

Article the Thirty Second: Any question arising among the shareholders in such capacity, or between these and the Company or Administrators thereof, shall be settled without need of any legal action or further recourse by an arbitrator designated by common agreement by the parties involved, and for want of agreement, through ordinary judicial channels, in which case said arbitrator shall act as such in regard to procedure and by right in connection with judgment, such appointment should be of an attorney who is acting or has acted for at least one year, the position of permanent attorney to the Supreme Court of Justice. Without prejudice of the above, should any conflict arise, the claimant may withdraw knowledge of the arbitrators competence and submit it to the decision of Ordinary Justice.

 

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Supplement to Right of First Refusal Agreement among Inversiones Costa Verde

Exhibit 2.5

 

THIS SUPPLEMENT TO THE SHAREHOLDERS AGREEMENT (hereinafter the “Supplement to the Shareholders Agreement”) is made July 5, 2004, by and between Inversiones Costa Verde Limitada y Compañía en Comandita por Acciones, a company limited by shares, incorporated and existing pursuant to the laws of the Republic of Chile, taxpayer identification number 96.810.370-9, represented by Mr. Juan José Cueto Plaza, national identity card number 6.694.240-6, and by Mr. Enrique Miguel Cueto Plaza, national identity card number 6.694.239-2, all domiciled, for these purposes, at Avda. Presidente Riesco 5711, Suite 1604, borough of Las Condes, Santiago (hereinafter also “Inversiones Costa Verde CPA”); Inversiones Santa Cecilia S.A., a corporation incorporated and existing pursuant to the laws of the Republic of Chile, taxpayer identification number 96.904.050-6, represented by Mr. Juan Luis Rivera Palma, national identity card number 8.514.511-8, and by Mr. Rafael Ariztía Correa, national identity card number 10.175.769-2, all domiciled, for these purposes, at Avda. Apoquindo 3000, 17th floor, borough of Las Condes, Santiago (hereinafter also “Inversiones Santa Cecilia”); and Axxion S.A., a corporation incorporated and existing pursuant to the laws of the Republic of Chile, taxpayer identification number 90.818.000-3, represented by Mr. Juan Luis Rivera Palma, national identity card number 8.514.511-8, and by Mr. Rafael Ariztía Correa, national identity card number 10.175.769-2, all domiciled, for these purposes, at Avda. Apoquindo 3000, 17th floor, borough of Las Condes, Santiago (hereinafter also “Axxion”).

 

WHEREAS

 

A. Lan Chile S.A. (hereinafter also “Lan Chile”) is an open stock corporation incorporated and existing pursuant to the laws of the Republic of Chile, registered under number 306 in the Securities Registry of the Superintendency of Securities and Insurance. Its capital is divided into 318,909,090 common shares in one same series and it is managed by a nine-member board of directors.

 

B. Inversiones Costa Verde CPA owns 101,419,931 shares in Lan Chile, representing 31.80% of the equity capital. Inversiones Costa Verde Limitada and Juan José Cueto Plaza, Ignacio Cueto Plaza and Enrique Cueto Plaza (hereinafter also the “Cueto Group”) hold an interest in Lan Chile through Inversiones Costa Verde CPA.

 

C. Inversiones Santa Cecilia owns 19,596,727 shares in Lan Chile, representing 6.14% of the equity capital while Axxion is the owner of 65,827,874 shares in Lan Chile, representing 20.64% of the shares in Lan Chile. Bancard S.A. and Inversiones Bancorp

 

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Limitada as well as Sebastián Piñera Echeñique, Magdalena María Piñera Morel, María Cecilia Piñera Morel, Sebastián Piñera Morel, Cristóbal Piñera Morel and Cecilia Morel Montes (hereinafter also the “Piñera Group”) hold an interest in Lan Chile through Inversiones Santa Cecilia and Axxion.

 

D. On even date herewith, Inversiones Costa Verde CPA, on the one hand, and, on the other, Inversiones Santa Cecilia and Axxion together (hereinafter all called the “Parties” and each a “Party”) have entered into a Joint Action Agreement (hereinafter also the “Joint Action Agreement”) whereby the Cueto Group and the Piñera Group regulated the exercise of their rights as shareholders in Lan Chile in order to ensure the election of five of the nine directors in the Company and thus control the same. The Joint Action Agreement encompasses 143,509,092 shares, equal to 45% of the shares in Lan Chile, which are distributed at the rate of 71,754,546 shares owned by Inversiones Costa Verde CPA, 5,926,672 shares owned by Inversiones Santa Cecilia and 65,827,874 shares owned by Axxion (hereinafter also the “Committed Shares”). “Committed Shares” shall be understood not only to be the one 143,509,092 shares indicated above but also all such other shares that Lan Chile may issue in the future, whether cash shares or paid-up shares, as well as all such preemptive rights or options of any nature, either for a preemptive subscription of shares, of bonds convertible to shares or of any other securities conferring future rights in respect of Lan Chile provided such shares or securities arise from, or bear a relationship to, the Committed Shares. The remaining shares in Lan Chile owned by the Parties are not subject to the Joint Action Agreement.

 

E. On December 14, 2000, companies related to the Cueto Group and to the Piñera Group signed a Shareholders Agreement (hereinafter also the “Shareholders Agreement”) regulating the transfer of shares in Lan Chile controlled thereby. As the legal successors of the companies that signed the Shareholders Agreement, the Parties wish to regulate the transfer of the Committed Shares in greater detail, amend the arbitration clause and release two shareholders from their obligations under the Shareholders Agreement, wherefore they hereby enter into this Supplement to the Shareholders Agreement.

 

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THEREFORE, the Parties agree to the following:

 

ARTICLE FIRST

SHARE TRANSFERS

 

1.1 Right of First Refusal. Subject to the stipulations in Section 1.2 below, the transfer of Committed Shares of each of the Parties shall continue to be subject to the same restrictions established in Clause Second of the Shareholders Agreement, which sets down the obligation of the shareholder wishing to sell its shares in Lan Chile, either spontaneously or because it has received a third-party offer, to grant a right of first refusal (hereinafter the “Right of First Refusal”) to purchase such shares to the other shareholders who are parties to the Shareholders Agreement.

 

1.2 Supplement. The Parties agree to implement the Right of First Refusal in respect of the Committed Shares in the following terms:

 

(a) If a third party makes an offer to a Party to purchase its Committed Shares and such Party wishes to sell them thereto, said Party shall fulfill the Right of First Refusal without any change such that said Party shall first offer to sell its Committed Shares to the other Party in the terms established in the Shareholders Agreement; and

 

(b) The following rules shall apply when a Party (hereinafter also the “Offeror”) wishes to sell its Committed Shares to the other Party (hereinafter also the “Recipient”) but there is no third-party offer:

 

(i) If the sale offer from the Offeror to the Recipient is made in terms where the acquisition of such shares by the Recipient would not be within the purview of the permanent exception contained in number 2 of Article 199 of the Securities Market Law (actively traded shares, price paid in cash that is not substantially higher than the market price), the rules on the Right of First Refusal shall apply without any change wherefore the Offeror shall offer to sell its Committed Shares to the Recipient in the terms established in the Shareholders Agreement (within the purview of Transitory Article First of Law 19,705); and

 

(ii) If the sale offer by the Offeror to the Recipient is made in terms where the acquisition of such shares by the Recipient would be within the purview of the permanent exception contained in number 2 of Article 199 of the Securities Market Law (actively traded shares, price paid in cash that is not substantially higher than the market price), the rules on the Right of First Refusal contained in the Shareholders Agreement shall apply wherefore the Offeror shall offer to sell its

 

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Committed Shares to the Recipient in the terms stipulated in the Shareholders Agreement, but in this case:

 

(x) the Recipient shall purchase the Committed Shares of the Offeror in exercise of the Right of First Refusal; or

 

(y) if it does not exercise the Right of First Refusal, the Recipient shall sell its Committed Shares to the Offeror, who shall buy them in the same terms and conditions under which the Offeror offered to sell its Committed Shares thereto.

 

ARTICLE SECOND

COMPLIANCE

 

2.1 Good Faith. The Parties promise to fulfill all provisions in this Supplement to the Shareholders Agreement not only in respect of the text but also in the spirit thereof, and undertake to act in good faith and transparently.

 

2.2 Scope. For all pertinent purposes, references made in the Joint Action Agreement to the Shareholders Agreement shall be deemed made to the Shareholders Agreement and to this Supplement to the Shareholders Agreement. Furthermore, this Supplement to the Shareholders Agreement is deemed a part of the Shareholders Agreement for all pertinent purposes.

 

ARTICLE THIRD

ARBITRATION

 

3.1 Arbitration Clause. Clause Fifth of the Shareholders Agreement is replaced by the following:

 

FIFTH: Arbitration. Any and all controversies, difficulties or differences arising among the Parties that originate in the interpretation, application, performance, default, validity, enforcement, voidance, effects or effectiveness of this Agreement, of any of the clauses or effects thereof, the foregoing list being by way of example only, shall be submitted to the hearing and ruling of an arbitrator (árbitro arbitrador o amigable componedor). The arbitrator will be appointed by mutual consent of the Parties. If the

 

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Parties are unable to reach an agreement on the person of the arbitrator, the Parties hereby appoint Mr. Sergio Urrejola Monckeberg as arbitrator, and if he is unable or unwilling to assume the position, Mr. Juan Carlos González, and if he is unable or unwilling to assume the position, Mr. Arturo Yrarrázaval Covarrubias, and if he is unable or unwilling to assume the position, Mr. Felipe Larraín Bascuñan, and if he is unable or unwilling to assume the position, Mr. Enrique Barros Bourie. The mere fact that one of the Parties requests acceptance of the position from the first arbitrator herein appointed shall imply the absence of an agreement thereamong in regard to such appointment. If none of those appointed is able or willing to accept the arbitration, the appointment shall be made by the ordinary courts and it shall fall upon a deputy justice of the Supreme Court who has held that position for a period of no less than three years or, on a subsidiary basis, if there is no one who meets that requirement on such date, upon a deputy justice of the Santiago Court of Appeals who has held that position for the same period of time. The decision rendered by the arbitrator cannot be appealed. The arbitrator shall be specially empowered to decide on the voidance or validity of the arbitration clause and on the scope and ambit of his own competence. The arbitrator shall also have, in particular, the attributions and powers conferred thereupon in Clause Third.”

 

3.2 Scope. For avoidance of doubt, pursuant to Section 2.2 above, the arbitration clause contained in Section 3.1 above shall apply equally to this Supplement to the Shareholders Agreement.

 

ARTICLE FOURTH

RELEASE FROM THE AGREEMENT

 

4.1 Release. The Parties release Inversiones Aéreas CGP S.A. and Inversiones Aéreas CGP Dos S.A. from the obligations imposed thereupon by the Shareholders Agreement.

 

4.2 Acceptance. Inversiones Aéreas CGP S.A., a corporation incorporated and existing pursuant to the laws of the Republic of Chile, taxpayer identification number 96.882.290-3, represented by Ignacio Guerrero Gutierrez, national identity card number 5.546.791-9, both domiciled at Avda. Apoquindo 3000, Suite 1602, borough of Las Condes, Santiago, and Inversiones Aéreas CGP Dos S.A., a corporation incorporated and existing pursuant to the laws of the Republic of Chile, taxpayer identification number 96.902.570-1, represented by Mr. José Cox Donoso, national identity card number

 

5


6.065.864-4, both domiciled at Avda. Apoquindo 3000, Suite 1602, borough of Las Condes, Santiago, accept this release from the Shareholders Agreement and furthermore waive any right arising thereunder, granting the Parties the most complete and definitive discharge in relation to the Shareholders Agreement.

 

ARTICLE FIFTH

GENERAL PROVISIONS

 

5.1 Governing Law. This Supplement to the Shareholders Agreement is governed by Chilean law.

 

5.2 Domicile. For all purposes of this Supplement to the Shareholders Agreement, the Parties elect their domicile as the jurisdiction of the Santiago Court of Appeals.

 

5.3 Amendment. Save specific provisions otherwise in this Supplement to the Shareholders Agreement, no change, amendment, alteration, supplement or termination of this Supplement to the Shareholders Agreement or of any of the parts hereof will be valid unless it is set down in writing and signed by all Parties.

 

5.4 Notices. Any and all notices or other communications or deliveries that must or may be made pursuant to the provisions of this Supplement to the Shareholders Agreement shall be deemed made for all pertinent purposes upon remittance by prepaid certified mail, return receipt requested, or delivery by hand or forwarding by fax in the following way:

 

If to Inversiones Costa Verde CPA:

 

Attention: Juan José Cueto Plaza, Executive Vice-President

Address: Avda. Presidente Riesco 5711, Suite 1604, Las Condes, Santiago

Fax: 562 245 3615

 

If to Inversiones Santa Cecilia S.A. and/or Axxion:

 

Attention: Juan Luis Rivera, General Manager

Address: Avda. Apoquindo 3000, 17th floor, Las Condes, Santiago

Fax: 562 362 0877

 

6


or to such other address that any of the Parties specifies by notice sent to the other pursuant to this Section. The notices and communications shall be deemed given to any of the Parties on the date of delivery by hand, if so delivered; five days after being sent by mail, in the case of certified mail; or the next business day following the date when they are sent by fax, if sent by fax.

 

5.5 Waiver. No waiver of the provisions in this Joint Action Agreement will be valid unless it is in writing and signed by the Party granting it. No waiver shall be deemed a waiver continuous in effect over time or a waiver of a subsequent default or failure, whether or not similar in nature, unless so specially set down in writing.

 

5.6 Severability. If any section of this Supplement to the Shareholders Agreement or the application hereof to any person or any circumstance is declared void or illegal for any reason, all other sections of this Supplement to the Shareholders Agreement that might take effect without such void or illegal section as well as the application of the same sections to different persons or circumstances from those regarding which they were considered void or illegal shall continue in full force always provided the ineffectiveness of any of the sections in this Supplement to the Shareholders Agreement regarding any person or circumstance does not materially affect or change the meaning of this Supplement to the Shareholders Agreement. To the extent legally possible, the section declared void or illegal or unenforceable against any person or circumstance shall be interpreted in each case to have a legal effect.

 

5.7 Successors and Assigns. The provisions in this Supplement to the Shareholders Agreement shall be binding upon, and inure to the benefit of, the Parties and their respective successors and assigns provided no Party may assign, delegate or otherwise transfer any of its rights or obligations under this Supplement to the Shareholders Agreement without consent of the other Party.

 

5.8 Headings. The headings and titles contained in this Supplement to the Shareholders Agreement have been established for reasons of convenience and reference only and do not amend or interpret in any way the intent of the Parties nor affect the content of the stipulations in the Supplement to the Shareholders Agreement.

 

7


5.9 Counterparts. Four like counterparts of this Supplement to the Shareholders Agreement are signed of the same text, two remaining in the possession of each party.

 

/s/ Juan José Cueto Plaza         /s/ Enrique Miguel Cueto Plaza


for Inversiones Costa Verde Limitada y Compañía en Comandita por Acciones

/s/ Juan Luis Rivera Palma         /s/ Rafael Ariztía Correa


    for Inversiones Santa Cecilia S.A.    

/s/ Juan Luis Rivera Palma /s/ Rafael Ariztía Correa


    for Axxion S.A.    

/s/ José Cox Donoso


    Inversiones Aereas CGP S.A.    

/s/ José Cox Donoso


    Inversiones Aereas CGP Dos S.A.    

 

8

Joint Action Agreement among Inversiones Costa Verde Limitada

Exhibit 2.6

 

THIS JOINT ACTION AGREEMENT (hereinafter “Joint Action Agreement”) is made July 5, 2004, by and between Inversiones Costa Verde Limitada y Compañía en Comandita por Acciones, a company limited by shares, incorporated and existing pursuant to the laws of the Republic of Chile, taxpayer identification number 96.810.370-9, represented by Mr. Juan José Cueto Plaza, national identity card number 6.694.240-6, and by Mr. Enrique Miguel Cueto Plaza, national identity card number 6.694.239-2, all domiciled, for these purposes, at Avda. Presidente Riesco 5711, Suite 1604, borough of Las Condes, Santiago (hereinafter also “Inversiones Costa Verde CPA”); Inversiones Santa Cecilia S.A., a corporation incorporated and existing pursuant to the laws of the Republic of Chile, taxpayer identification number 96.904.050-6, represented by Mr. Juan Luis Rivera Palma, national identity card number 8.514.511-8, and by Mr. Rafael Ariztía Correa, national identity card number 10.175.769-2, all domiciled, for these purposes, at Avda. Apoquindo 3000, 17th floor, borough of Las Condes, Santiago (hereinafter also “Inversiones Santa Cecilia”); and Axxion S.A., a corporation incorporated and existing pursuant to the laws of the Republic of Chile, taxpayer identification number 90.818.000-3, represented by Mr. Juan Luis Rivera Palma, national identity card number 8.514.511-8, and by Mr. Rafael Ariztía Correa, national identity card number 10.175.769-2, all domiciled, for these purposes, at Avda. Apoquindo 3000, 17th floor, borough of Las Condes, Santiago (hereinafter also “Axxion”).

 

WHEREAS

 

A. Lan Chile S.A. (hereinafter also “Lan Chile”) is an open corporation incorporated and existing pursuant to the laws of the Republic of Chile, registered under number 306 in the Securities Registry of the Superintendency of Securities and Insurance. Its capital is divided into 318,909,090 common shares in one same series and it is managed by a nine-member board of directors.

 

B. Inversiones Costa Verde CPA owns 101,419,931 shares in Lan Chile, representing 31.80% of the equity capital. Inversiones Costa Verde Limitada and Juan José Cueto Plaza, Ignacio Cueto Plaza and Enrique Cueto Plaza (hereinafter also the “Cueto Group”) hold an interest in Lan Chile through Inversiones Costa Verde CPA.

 

C. Inversiones Santa Cecilia owns 19,596,727 shares in Lan Chile, representing 6.14% of the equity capital while Axxion is the owner of 65,827,874 shares in Lan Chile,

 

1


representing 20.64% of the shares in Lan Chile. Bancard S.A. and Inversiones Bancorp Limitada as well as Sebastián Piñera Echeñique, Magdalena María Piñera Morel, María Cecilia Piñera Morel, Sebastián Piñera Morel, Cristóbal Piñera Morel and Cecilia Morel Montes (hereinafter also the “Piñera Group”) hold an interest in Lan Chile through Inversiones Santa Cecilia and Axxion.

 

D. The Cueto Group, through Inversiones Costa Verde CPA, and the Piñera Group, through Inversiones Santa Cecilia and Axxion, wish to regulate the exercise of their rights as shareholders in Lan Chile in order to ensure the election of five of the nine directors in the company and thus control thereof. For these purposes, Inversiones Costa Verde CPA, on the one hand, and, on the other, Inversiones Santa Cecilia and Axxion collectively (all hereinafter the “Parties” and each a “Party”) hereby enter into this Joint Action Agreement in respect of 143,509,092 shares, equal to 45% of the shares in Lan Chile, which are distributed at the rate of 71,754,546 shares owned by Inversiones Costa Verde CPA, 5,926,672 shares owned by Inversiones Santa Cecilia, and 65,827,874 shares owned by Axxion (hereinafter also the “Committed Shares”). The remaining shares in Lan Chile owned by the Parties are not subject to this Joint Action Agreement.

 

E. On December 14, 2000, companies related to the Cueto Group and to the Piñera Group signed a Shareholders Agreement (hereinafter also the “Shareholders Agreement”) regulating the transfer of shares in Lan Chile controlled thereby and stipulating the obligation of the shareholder wishing to sell its shares, either spontaneously or because it has received an offer from a third party, to grant a right of first refusal (hereinafter the “Right of First Refusal”) to purchase such shares to the other shareholders who are parties to the Shareholders Agreement

 

THEREFORE, the Parties agree to the following:

 

ARTICLE FIRST

JOINT ACTION

 

1.1 Joint Action.

 

(a) The Parties agree to exercise control of Lan Chile jointly, thus ensuring a majority of votes at shareholders meeting and at board meetings. For these purposes, the

 

2


parties undertake to act in coordination and by mutual consent in all matters and decisions relating to the management and administration of Lan Chile, whether such matters and decisions must be decided by the shareholders meeting or by the company’s board of directors.

 

(b) If the Parties are unable to agree on how to act, they undertake to respect the mandate granted to the third party indicated in Section 1.2(b) below in order not to hinder the management and administration of Lan Chile. This obligation of respect for the mandate will be ongoing and permanent as long as there is a disagreement among the parties until this Joint Action Agreement is terminated in the manner stipulated in Article Fourth below.

 

1.2 Shareholders Meetings.

 

(a) The Parties shall appoint a common representative to attend shareholders meetings and vote the Committed Shares in terms agreed upon by the Parties. The appointment of the common representative shall be made prior to each shareholders meeting through the grant of the respective powers of attorney in the terms indicated in Articles 63 and 64 of the Companies Regulations.

 

(b) If the Parties do not agree on how to vote the Committed Shares five days prior to a shareholders meeting, Mr. Sergio Urrejola Monckeberg shall be appointed common representative and if he is unable or unwilling to accept the position, Mr. Juan Claro González; and if he is unable or unwilling to accept the position, Mr. Arturo Yrarrázaval Covarrubias; and if he is unable or unwilling to accept the position, Mr. Felipe Larraín Bascuñan; and if he is unable or unwilling to accept the position, Mr. Enrique Barros Bourie. Once the common representative that has been appointed has accepted the position, the Parties shall grant the respective powers of attorney thereto in the terms indicated in Articles 63 and 64 of the Companies Regulations. The common representative thus appointed shall vote the Committed Shares as he deems pertinent.

 

(c) Notwithstanding the stipulations in Section 1.2(b) above, if the shareholders meeting must decide on the election of directors and there is no agreement among the Parties on the five directors to be elected with the Committed Shares, each Party shall have the right to propose two directors and to instruct the common representative to vote the

 

3


Committed Shares in order to elect the candidates thereof. The fifth director will be decided by the common representative and such appointment shall fall upon his person or upon any of the following independent third parties: Sergio Urrejola Monckeberg, Juan Claro González, Arturo Yrarrázaval Covarrubias, Felipe Larraín Bascuñán or Enrique Barros Bourie. For these purposes, the Parties shall grant the common representative the respective powers of attorney in the terms indicated in Articles 63 and 64 of the Companies Regulations.

 

1.3 Board of Directors.

 

(a) The Parties shall endeavor for the directors elected with the Committed Shares to always act together and vote for resolutions of the board so as to constitute the majority necessary to adopt them. For these purposes, the Parties shall ensure that the meeting agenda is distributed sufficiently in advance in order to allow them to analyze and agree upon each item contained in such agenda prior to the board meeting and to undertake to recommend and persuade such directors how to vote.

 

(b) If the Parties do not reach an agreement on the items contained in the agenda five days prior to a board meeting, the Parties shall resort to the common representative indicated in Section 1.2 (b) above and undertake to recommend and persuade the directors elected with the Committed Shares to vote in the terms decided by such common representative.

 

(c) Notwithstanding the stipulations in Sections 1.3(a) and (b) above, the Parties shall endeavor to meet as soon as possible when there are urgent matters or items arising at the same board meeting on which a decision cannot be postponed without seriously affecting the management and administration of Lan Chile and, if necessary, to cause the directors elected with the Committed Shares to leave the meeting temporarily in order for the Parties to analyze and agree on how to proceed and recommend and persuade such directors how to vote. If circumstances warrant, the Parties shall resort to the common representative indicated in Section 1.2(b) above and they undertake to recommend and persuade the directors elected with the Committed Shares to vote in the terms decided by such common representative.

 

4


(d) If the mechanism established in Section 1.2(c) above must be used for the election of the board of directors, each Party undertakes to recommend and persuade the directors nominated thereby to vote in the terms decided by the director nominated by the common representative.

 

(e) If at any time any of the directors elected with the Committed Shares votes against the agreements of the Parties, the Parties shall endeavor to secure the voluntary resignation thereof and appointment of his replacement by the board in office for the period until the next regular shareholders meeting in the terms of Article 32 of the Companies Law. If it were impossible to secure the voluntary resignation of the dissident director or to ensure the appointment of the replacement thereof in the aforesaid terms, any of the Parties may require that the board of directors convene a special shareholders meeting in order to revoke the entire board of directors in office and elect a new one, and thus be able to replace the dissident director. Upon exercising this right, the Parties shall vote in favor of the revocation and proceed with the renewal of the board of directors using the mechanisms established in Section 1.2 above.

 

(f) If, in the case indicated in Section 1.3 (e) above, the dissident director has been proposed by one of the Parties, such Party shall be liable for securing the voluntary resignation thereof and if it cannot, for requiring that the board convene the respective special shareholders meeting.

 

(g) If one or more of the directorships elected with the Committed Shares are vacant and the Parties have been unable to secure the appointment of the replacement thereof by the board in office until the next regular shareholders meeting in the terms of Article 32 of the Companies Law, and the Parties foresee that it will be impossible to obtain the majority necessary to adopt resolutions as controllers of Lan Chile, the Parties will recommend and persuade the directors elected with the Committed Shares to refrain from attending board meetings until the vacant directorships have been filled. For these purposes, any of the Parties may require that the board convene a special shareholders meeting in order to revoke the entire board of directors in office and elect a new one, and thus be able to fill the vacant directorship. Upon exercising this right, the Parties shall vote in favor of the revocation and proceed with the renewal of the board of directors using the mechanisms established in Section 1.2 above.

 

5


1.4 Exclusivity. The Parties undertake not to enter into shareholders agreements or joint action agreements with third parties, either in writing or verbally, in relation to the Committed Shares that prevent them from complying faithfully with the obligations arising from this Joint Action Agreement.

 

1.5 Scope. “Committed Shares” shall be understood not only to be the 143,509,092 shares in Lan Chile mentioned in letter (d) of the Recitals but also all such other shares that Lan Chile may issue in the future, whether cash shares or paid-up shares, as well as all such preemptive rights or options of any nature, either for a priority subscription of shares, of bonds convertible to shares or of any other securities that confer future rights in respect of Lan Chile, provided such shares or securities arise from, or bear a relationship to, the Committed Shares.

 

ARTICLE SECOND

LIENS AND ATTACHMENTS

 

2.1 Liens.

 

(a) Except for the restrictions on the transfer of shares contained in the Shareholders Agreement and the exception indicated in Section 2.1(b) below, none of the Parties may establish or tolerate the existence of any Lien on the Committed Shares. “Lien” shall be understood to be any real guarantee or any charge, lien, prohibition, third-party right, attachment, impediment or restriction that might affect or hinder the free use, enjoyment or disposition of the Committed Shares.

 

(b) Each Party may pledge as much as 50% of the Committed Shares owned thereby to secure its own obligations specifically set down in the pledge agreement, but only provided the other Party consents thereto. Each Party hereby consents to pledges that are at this time assessed on the Committed Shares owned by the other Party. When one Party wishes to grant new pledges in respect of the Committed Shares owned thereby, the other Party shall give its consent thereto if the pledgee (hereinafter also the “Pledgee”) agrees, in the deed establishing the pledge, that the other Party shall, if the pledge is enforced, have the right to pay the Pledgee, prior to the auction of the pledged Committed Shares, the lower of: (i) the sum owed by the pledgor to the Pledgee specifically determined in the pledge agreement; and (ii) the market price of the pledged Committed

 

6


Shares appraised at the average weighted exchange price of the last five exchange business days prior to payment. And, if the other Party makes this payment, it shall have nullified the action of the Pledgee against the pledgor and be subrogated in the rights that the Pledgee has against the pledgor, including the entire real right of pledge. Hence, if the sum paid by the other Party is less than the sum owed to the Pledgee, the balance of the Pledgee’s credit will not be benefited by the pledge.

 

2.2 Attachments or Other Measures. If all or part of the Committed Shares are assessed for any reason by any unpermitted Lien (including an attachment petitioned by a Pledgee), the Party owning the Committed Shares undertakes to secure the removal of such Lien as soon as possible and, if more than 30 days pass without removal of the Lien, the Party owning such shares shall be deemed to have defaulted on this Joint Action Agreement.

 

ARTICLE THIRD

COMPLIANCE

 

3.1 Good Faith. The Parties promise to comply with all provisions in this Joint Action Agreement, not only the text, but also the spirit hereof, and undertake to act in good faith and transparently.

 

3.2 Liability. In addition to the personal liability of the Parties for faithful compliance with the obligations arising under this Joint Action Agreement, each Party shall be liable for the directors that are related thereto pursuant to Article 100 of the Companies Law or are appointed pursuant to Section 1.2(c) above applying in full the provisions of this Joint Action Agreement.

 

ARTICLE FOURTH

TERM

 

4.1 Termination.

 

(a) Any of the Parties may at any time, unilaterally, without reason, terminate this Joint Action Agreement by written notice sent to the other Party and to the chairman of the board of directors of Lan Chile (hereinafter also the “Notice of Termination”).

 

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(b) The Notice of Termination shall include an offer to sell the Committed Shares of the Party giving the Notice of Termination to the other Party in the terms established in the Right of First Refusal contained in the Shareholders Agreement provided this Joint Action Agreement continues in full force until the transfer of the Committed Shares of one Party is consummated in the terms established in the Shareholders Agreement.

 

4.2 Transfer. This Joint Action Agreement shall also terminate when one of the Parties transfers its Committed Shares to a third party in the terms established in the Shareholders Agreement.

 

ARTICLE FIFTH

DEFAULT CLAUSE

 

5.1 Default Clause. The Parties stipulate that in the event of default on any of the principal or accessory obligations stipulated in this Joint Action Agreement, the defaulting Party shall be sanctioned each time by a fine or penalty that the Parties assess in advance in the equivalent in pesos, legal tender, to 15% of the value of the Committed Shares owned by the defaulting Party at the time of the breach, appraised at the average weighted exchange trading price for the last five exchange business days.

 

5.2 Graduation.

 

(a) The arbitrator appointed pursuant to Section 6.2 below shall be empowered to set and regulate prudently the fine or penalty that he decides to apply between: (i) 10,000 Unidades de Fomento that will be payable in pesos, legal tender, at the parity for the Unidad de Fomento reported by the Central Bank of Chile or replacement or subrogate thereof in that function, in effect on the day of actual payment and no later than the third bank business day after the arbitral ruling condemning payment becomes final and binding; and (ii) the penalty indicated in Section 5.1 above, considering for this purpose the nature and materiality of the breached obligation, how imputable it is against the defaulting Party and the damage caused to the non-defaulting Party.

 

8


(b) If, due to the nature of the breached obligation, it can be fulfilled or remedied alternatively or substitutively and the defaulting Party is willing to fulfill or remedy the breach in that way, the arbitrator shall consider this circumstance in particular in attenuating the penalty and may even release the defaulting Party from any fine in this case only.

 

(c) If the breached obligation is, by nature, capable of specific performance and this is petitioned by the non-defaulting Party, the arbitrator may set the fine or penalty in the nature of a moratorium and may impose it as a fine or penalty on a daily or periodic basis until the defaulting Party fulfills the obligation.

 

5.3 Waiver of Other Damages. The Parties waive the rights stipulated in Article 1513 of the Civil Code to claim ordinary damages caused by default on this Joint Action Agreement and limit themselves, for all purposes of this Joint Action Agreement, to the conventional indemnity stipulated or those set by the arbitrator in application of this Article Fifth.

 

5.4 Interest. The maximum conventional interest on adjustable transactions beyond 360 days or non-adjustable transactions out to one year, as the case may be, shall apply in the event of delinquency or simple delay in the payment of the fine or penalty set by the arbitrator, from the day of delinquency or simple delay through the day of actual payment of the fine or penalty.

 

5.5 No Accumulation. Provided one same act or failure of a Party implies default on this Joint Action Agreement and on the Shareholders Agreement, there will be one single fine or penalty for such act or failure under both agreements.

 

ARTICLE SIXTH

ARBITRATION

 

6.1 Arbitration Clause. Any and all controversies, difficulties or differences arising among the Parties that originate in the interpretation, application, performance, default, validity, enforcement, voidance, effects or effectiveness of this Joint Action Agreement, of any of the clauses or effects thereof, the foregoing list being by way of example only, shall be submitted to the hearing and ruling of an arbitrator (árbitro

 

9


arbitrador or amigable componedor). The arbitrator will be appointed by mutual consent of the Parties. If the Parties are unable to reach an agreement on the person of the arbitrator, the Parties hereby appoint Mr. Sergio Urrejola Monckeberg as arbitrator, and if he is unable or unwilling to assume the position, Mr. Juan Carlos González, and if he is unable or unwilling to assume the position, Mr. Arturo Yrarrázaval Covarrubias, and if he is unable or unwilling to assume the position, Mr. Felipe Larraín Bascuñan, and if he is unable or unwilling to assume the position, Mr. Enrique Barros Bourie. The mere fact that one of the Parties requests acceptance of the position from the first arbitrator herein appointed shall imply the absence of an agreement thereamong in regard to such appointment. If none of those appointed is able or willing to accept the arbitration, the appointment shall be made by the ordinary courts and it shall fall upon a deputy justice of the Supreme Court who has held that position for a period of no less than three years or, on a subsidiary basis, if there is no one who meets that requirement on such date, upon a deputy justice of the Santiago Court of Appeals who has held that position for the same period of time. The decision rendered by the arbitrator cannot be appealed.

 

6.2 Other Powers. The arbitrator shall be specially empowered to decide on the voidance or validity of the arbitration clause and on the scope and ambit of his own competence. The arbitrator shall also have, in particular, the attributions and powers conferred thereupon in Section 5.2 above.

 

ARTICLE SEVENTH

GENERAL PROVISIONS

 

7.1 Governing Law. This Joint Action Agreement is governed by Chilean law.

 

7.2 Domicile. For all purposes of this Joint Action Agreement, the Parties elect their domicile as the jurisdiction of the Santiago Court of Appeals.

 

7.3 Amendment. Save specific provisions to the contrary in this Joint Action Agreement, no change, amendment, alteration, supplement or termination of this Joint Action Agreement or of any of the parts hereof will be valid unless it is set down in writing and signed by all Parties.

 

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7.4 Notices. Any and all notices or other communications or deliveries that must or may be made pursuant to the provisions of this Joint Action Agreement shall be deemed made for all pertinent purposes upon remittance by prepaid certified mail, return receipt requested, or delivery by hand or forwarding by fax in the following way:

 

If to Inversiones Costa Verde CPA:
Attention:    Juan José Cueto Plaza, Executive Vice President
Address:   

Avda. Presidente Riesco 5711, Suite 1604

 

Las Condes, Santiago

Fax:    562 245 3615

 

If to Inversiones Santa Cecilia S.A. and/or Axxion:
Attention:    Juan Luis Rivera, General Manager
Address:   

Avda. Apoquindo 3000, 17th floor

 

Las Condes, Santiago

Fax:    562 362 0877

 

or to such other address that any of the Parties specifies by notice sent to the other pursuant to this Section. The notices and communications shall be deemed given to any of the Parties on the date of delivery by hand, if so delivered; five days after being sent by mail, in the case of certified mail; or the next business day following the date when they are sent by fax, if sent by fax.

 

7.5 Waiver. No waiver of the provisions in this Joint Action Agreement will be valid unless it is in writing and signed by the Party granting it. No waiver shall be deemed a waiver continuous in effect over time or a waiver of a subsequent default or failure, whether or not similar in nature, unless so specially set down in writing.

 

7.6 Severability. If any section of this Joint Action Agreement or the application hereof to any person or any circumstance is declared void or illegal for any reason, all other sections of this Joint Action Agreement that might take effect without such void or illegal section as well as the application of the same sections to different persons or circumstances from those regarding which they were considered void or illegal shall

 

11


continue in full force always provided the ineffectiveness of any of the sections in this Joint Action Agreement regarding any person or circumstance does not materially affect or change the meaning of this Joint Action Agreement. To the extent legally possible, the section declared void or illegal or unenforceable against any person or circumstance shall be interpreted in each case to have a legal effect.

 

7.7 Successors and Assigns. The provisions in this Joint Action Agreement shall be binding upon, and inure to the benefit of, the Parties and their respective successors and assigns provided no Party may assign, delegate or otherwise transfer any of its rights or obligations under this Joint Action Agreement without consent of the other Party.

 

7.8 Headings. The headings and titles contained in this Joint Action Agreement have been established for reasons of convenience and reference only and do not amend or interpret in any way the intent of the Parties nor affect the content of the stipulations in the Joint Action Agreement.

 

7.9 Counterparts. Four like counterparts of this Joint Action Agreement are signed of the same text, two remaining in the possession of each party.

 

/s/ Juan José Cueto Plaza         /s/ Enrique Miguel Cueto Plaza


for Inversiones Costa Verde Limitada y Compañía en Comandita por Acciones

 

/s/ Juan Luis Rivera Palma         /s/ Rafael Ariztía Correa


for Inversiones Santa Cecilia S.A.

 

/s/ Juan Luis Rivera Palma         /s/ Rafael Ariztía Correa


for Axxion S.A.

 

12

List of subsidiaries of the Company

Exhibit 8.1

 

Subsidiaries

 

Legal Name


  

Place of Incorporation


  

Doing Business As


   Ownership %1

 

Lan Cargo S.A.

   Chile    Lan Chile Cargo    99.85 %

Aircraft International Leasing Limited

   Bahamas    AILL    99.98 %

Transporte Aéreo S.A.

   Chile    LanExpress    99.9 %

Seagull Leasing LLC

   Delaware, USA    Seagull    100 %

South Florida Air Cargo

   Florida, USA    Southflorida    100 %

Bluebird Leasing LLC

   Delaware, USA    Bluebird    100 %

Lan Logistics Corp.

   Delaware, USA    Lanlogistics    100 %

Lan Cargo Overseas Services Limited

   Bahamas    Lan Cargo Overseas    100 %

Lan Perú S.A.

   Peru    Lan Perú    49 %

Inversiones Lan S.A.

   Chile    Inverlan    99.7 %

Inmobiliaria Aeronáutica S.A.

   Chile    Inmobiliaria Aeronáutica    99.01 %

1 Ownership percentage of direct owner of each significant subsidiary of Lan Airlines S.A.
Certification of Chief Executive Officer

Exhibit 12.1

 

Certification of Chief Executive Officer

 

I, Enrique Cueto Plaza, certify that:

 

1. I have reviewed this annual report on Form 20-F of Lan Airlines S.A.;

 

2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

 

3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the company as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

 

4. The company’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) for the company and have:

 

  (a) Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the company, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

 

  (b) Evaluated the effectiveness of the company’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

 

  (c) Disclosed in this report any change in the company’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the period covered by the annual report that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the company’s internal control over financial reporting; and

 

5. The company’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the company’s auditors and the audit committee of the company’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

 

  (a) All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the company’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

 

  (b) Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the company’s internal control over financial reporting.

 

Date: June 30, 2005

 

By:  

/s/ Enrique Cueto Plaza

Name:

 

Enrique Cueto Plaza

Title:

 

Chief Executive Officer

Certification of Chief Financial Officer

Exhibit 12.2

 

Certification of Chief Financial Officer

 

I, Alejandro de la Fuente Goic, certify that:

 

1. I have reviewed this annual report on Form 20-F of Lan Airlines S.A.;

 

2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

 

3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the company as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

 

4. The company’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) for the company and have:

 

  (a) Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the company, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

 

  (b) Evaluated the effectiveness of the company’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

 

  (c) Disclosed in this report any change in the company’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the period covered by the annual report that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the company’s internal control over financial reporting; and

 

5. The company’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the company’s auditors and the audit committee of the company’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

 

  (a) All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the company’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

 

  (b) Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the company’s internal control over financial reporting.

 

Date: June 30, 2005

 

By:  

/s/ Alejandro de la Fuente Goic

   

Name: Alejandro de la Fuente Goic

   

Title: Chief Financial Officer

Officer Certifications pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

Exhibit 13.1

 

Pursuant to section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (subsections (a) and (b) of section 1350, chapter 63 of title 18, United States Code), each of the undersigned officers of Lan Airlines S.A. (the “Company”), does hereby certify to such officer’s knowledge that:

 

The Annual Report on Form 20-F for the year ended December 31, 2004 (the “Form 20-F”) of the Company fully complies with the requirements of section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 and information contained in the Form 20-F fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.

 

Dated: June 30, 2005

       
        

/s/ Enrique Cueto Plaza

        Name: Enrique Cueto Plaza
       

Title: Chief Executive Officer

Dated: June 30, 2005      

/s/ Alejandro de la Fuente Goic

        Name: Alejandro de la Fuente Goic
       

Title: Chief Financial Officer

 

A signed original of this written statement required by Section 906 has been provided to the Company and will be retained by the Company and furnished to the Securities and Exchange Commission or its staff upon request.